Global Links and Local Bonds: The Role of Ownership and Size in Productivity Growth

This paper examines direct and indirect contributions of foreign firms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to aggregate productivity growth. We focus our attention on foreign firms and small firms for three reasons. First, industrial policy in almost all countries is oriented towards supporting SMEs and attracting foreign investment. Second, these two categories of firms contribute to micro-heterogeneity in all industries. Third, the recent industrial dynamics literature on foreign investment and small firms emphasizes the potential benefits of foreign firms and SMEs in generating new technologies, and creating new jobs. Using the data for Turkish manufacturing plants, we estimate production functions for all ISIC 4-digit level industries for the 1983-2001 period. We decompose productivity growth into its components (structural change, entry and exit, technical change, efficiency change, and scale effects) by firm ownership and size. The decomposition analysis by firm ownership and size allows us to understand the sources of productivity contributions by foreign firms and small firms.Productivity dynamics, decomposition, foreign direct investment, small and medium sized enterprises

Managing Turkish Debt: An OLG Investigation of the IMF's Fiscal Programming Model for Turkey

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this paper we investigate the fiscal policy alternatives on domestic debt management, cohort welfare, and growth for the Turkish economy. We utilize a model of exogenous growth in the overlapping generations (OLG) tradition with intertemporally optimizing agents and open capital markets, calibrated to the Turkish economy in 1990s. We examine the macroeconomic effects of the current IMF-led austerity program driven by the objective of attaining primary fiscal surpluses and illustrate the sensitivity of the program targets to growth shocks. Our results suggest that the current fiscal program based on the primary surplus objective succeeds in containing the explosive dynamics of debt accumulation, and yet, the path of aggregate public debt as a ratio to GNP displays significant degree of inertia and would be brought down only gradually and slowly. (c) 2005 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Global links and local bonds. The role of ownership and size in productivity growth

This paper examines direct and indirect contributions of foreign firms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to aggregate productivity growth. We focus our attention on foreign firms and small firms for three reasons. First, industrial policy in almost all countries is oriented towards supporting SMEs and attracting foreign investment. Second, these two categories of firms contribute to micro-heterogeneity in all industries. Third, the recent industrial dynamics literature on foreign investment and small firms emphasizes the potential benefits of foreign firms and SMEs in generating new technologies, and creating new jobs. Using the data for Turkish manufacturing plants, we estimate production functions for all ISIC 4-digit level industries for the 1983-2001 period. We decompose productivity growth into its components (structural change, entry and exit, technical change, efficiency change, and scale effects) by firm ownership and size. The decomposition analysis by firm ownership and size allows us to understand the sources of productivity contributions by foreign firms and small firms

Doenças relacionadas a contaminação da água em áreas rurais. Trabalho de intervenção realizado em um Colégio do Campo no Distrito do Guará na cidade de Guarapuava-PR

Orientadora : Profª Msc. Letícia PontesMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Especialização em Saúde para Professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. Núcleo de Educação a DistânciaInclui referênciasResumo : Esse projeto de intervenção vem por abordar a prática da utilização dos recursos hídricos como fonte de vida para a subsistência humana, tendo como área de abordagem as zonas rurais, pois tendem a ser mais vulneráveis a doenças relacionadas a veiculação hídrica, sendo contaminadas por vírus e bactérias, além da falta de saneamento básico. Em primeiro momento faz uma abordagem do colégio, se tratando de uma escola do campo, Colégio Estadual do Campo Professora Maria de Jesus Pacheco Guimarães, Distrito de Guará, Guarapuava – PR, a realizar-se em uma turma do 6º Ano do ensino fundamental do período vespertino. Vamos fazer uma abordagem referente ao Projeto Político Pedagógico do Colégio, tendo como ponto de partida para o trabalho a disciplina de Geografia, falando também da abordagem que deve ser tomada de acordo com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Além dessa fundamentação vamos relatar os objetivos a serem trabalhados sendo a contribuição da prevenção de doenças relacionadas a contaminação da água, ocasionados por descarte de lixo em locais indevidos, agrotóxicos e falta de saneamento. Além disso uma fundamentação teórica a respeito das doenças e seus sintoma, tendo como base para estudos apresentamos a proporção da água no planeta, sua importância, as consequências da poluição do ambiente, como ocorre a contaminação e chegando até a realidade dos alunos. Durante o trabalho de intervenção foi realizado uma abordagem dos temas relacionados a água e a saúde, trabalhando com aulas expositivas, trabalhos em grupos, atividades e a produção de um cartaz como avaliação e a percepção da fixação do conteúdo por parte dos alunos

A General Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Turkey’s Economy and a Policy Alternative to Protect Labor Incomes

The COVID-19 pandemic is being experienced as a multidimensional systemic crisis based on the simultaneous manifestations of the supply, demand, and financial shocks. These effects have already been realized in the exacerbation of deep inequalities in income distribution, in functional, regional, and gender terms; in access to public services that are commercialized; and therefore, in an environment where poverty is experienced with social exclusion due to severe inequalities of income. The crisis has hit the Turkish economy under a conjuncture where the adverse effects of the 2018 financial turbulence have not yet been alleviated, and the macroeconomic balances have not been resolved in a sustained fashion. Turkey has displayed already high rates of unemployment (at the rate of 13.6%) and inflation (11%) by the end of 2019. Projections by the IMF also reveal that as a result of the economic measures of isolation and employment disruption, Turkey’s GDP will likely contract by 5% in 2020. Given this background, our aim in this study is to analyze the upon-impact effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on Turkish economy and to investigate policy alternatives that can be implemented against these impacts. We utilize a macroeconomic applied general equilibrium model designed for this purpose; and examine the effects of the crisis conjuncture caused by the COVID-19 outbreak on sectoral production, employment, wages, and capital revenues, national income, and foreign trade balances. Then, we provide an analysis of defensive policies that can be developed against the crisis

Economics of environmental policy in Turkey: A general equilibrium investigation of the economic evaluation of sectoral emission reduction policies for climate change

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Research on climate change has intensified on a global scale as evidence on the costs of global warming continues to accumulate. Confronted with such evidence, the European Union set in late 2006 an ambitious target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, by 2020, to 20% below the level of 1990; and invited the rest of the developed economies and the developing world to take part with the Kyoto Protocol. Turkey is the only country that appears in the Annex-I list of the United Nations' Rio Summit and yet an official target for CO2 emission reductions has still not been established. Thus, as part of its accession negotiations with the EU, Turkey will likely to face significant pressures to introduce its national plan on climate change along with specific emission targets and the associated abatement policies. Given this motivation, we utilize a computable general equilibrium model for Turkey to study the economic impacts of the intended policy scenarios of compliance with the Kyoto Protocol and we report on the general equilibrium effects of various possible environmental abatement policies in Turkey over the period 2006-2020. The model is in the Walrasian tradition with 10 production sectors and a government operating within an open macroeconomy environment. It accommodates flexible production functions, imperfect substitution in trade and open unemployment. We focus on CO2 emissions and distinguish various basic sources of gaseous pollution in the model. Our results suggest that the burden of imposing emission control targets and the implied abatement costs could be quite high, and that there is a need to finance the expanded abatement investments from scarce domestic resources. Policies for environmental abatement via carbon and/or increased energy taxes further suffer from very adverse employment effects. This suggests that a first-best policy would necessarily call for a simultaneous reduction on the existing tax burden on producers elsewhere together with introduction of environmental taxes. (C) 2007 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Bliss and growth: optimal policies under uncertainty

Ankara : The Department of Economics and the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent Univ., 1998.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1998.Includes bibliographical refences.This thesis conducts a study on growth theory by analyzing how the results of the current optimal growth theory change when households are assumed to have bliss points in their consumption sets. For this purpose a discrete-time, one-sector, stochastic model of endogenous growth, adopting constant returns to scale technology and quadratic utility function, is constructed. The solution of the model through “value function iteration” shows the existence of qualitatively different equilibria, depending on the initial state of the economy. This result demonstrates that it is possible to combine “poverty traps” and “sustained growth” into a common analytical framework.Voyvoda, EbruM.S

Patterns of productivity growth and the wage cycle in Turkish manufacturing

In this paper we investigate the distributional consequences of the post-1980 accumulation patterns and technological change in the Turkish manufacturing industries. We utilise two quantitative techniques. First, we make use of the Hodrick-Prescott filter to disintegrate the cyclical variations in productivity growth and wage rates from their respective historical trends, and study the evolution of the wage cycle against the long term productivity patterns in the sector. Next, we decompose the fundamental characteristics of the contributions of productivity growth of the manufacturing sub-sectors to the overall total. Our results suggest very little structural change in the sectoral composition and nature of productivity advances under the post-1980 structural adjustment reforms and outward-orientation, and underscore that the gains in productivity in this period did not materialise as gains in remunerations of wage labour. Contrary to the prognostications of the orthodox theory, the post-1980 export orientation of Turkish manufacturing was not found to lend itself to productivity contributions, and could not be sustained as a viable strategy of 'export-led industrialisation'