Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Energetics, robustness and product formation in slow- and non-growing yeast cultures

Financed by the European Union via the FP7 grant and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) via the B-Basic programme.BT/Industrial Microbiolog

Modeling the Propeller Slipstream Effect on Lift and Pitching Moment

Flight Performance and Propulsio

Het stortgedrag van een schuifstorter

Bodem- en oeververdedigingswerken, op een zinkstuk (traditioneel), op geotextiel, of met een filtergradering in lagen, vormen een belangrijk onderdeel in waterbouwkundige constructies. Deze verdedigingsconstructies, tegen de eroderende werking van stroom-, verval- en/of golfbelastingen, worden onder andere toegepast op bodem en oevers in rivieren en zeearmen en bij afsluitingswerken. Ze zijn veelal opgebouwd uit relatief dunne lagen van granulair materiaal. De uitvoering van deze steenbestortingen geschiedt hoofdzakelijk met behulp van schepen die hun lading materiaal vanaf de waterlijn zijdelings overboord zetten. Het technisch meest verantwoorde werktuig is de schuifstorter, waarbij het stortmateriaal door middel van hydraulische schuiven zijdelings overboord wordt gezet, terwijl het schip een zijdelingse beweging maakt. Als met een schuifstorter stenen worden gestort is moeilijk te voorspellen hoe het profiel er op de bodem uit komt te zien. Deze onvoorspelbaarheid volgt voornamelijk uit (de onregelmatigheden) in het stortproces van de schuifstorter. Het doel van dit onderzoek is dan ook om meer inzicht in het stortproces van de schuifstorter te krijgen om zodoende de voorspelbaarheid van het stortprofiel ten behoeve van bodem- en oeverbeschermingen te kunnen verbeteren. Het accent van het onderzoek ligt hierbij voornamelijk op het inzichtelijk maken van (de onregelmatigheid in) de hoeveelheid stortmateriaal die van het laaddek geschoven wordt (aangedruid met bresgedrag het val- en bodemgedrag van het gestorte materiaal onder water (aangeduid met spreiding). Beide aspecten zijn in dit onderzoek middels (denk)modellen theoretisch benaderd en vervolgens getoetst aan de hand van experimenten die op verkleinde schaal zijn uitgevoerd.Civil Engineering and Geoscience

Decentralized Private Freight Declaration & Tracking with Data Validation

In January 2017, a truck crossed the border between Spain and France for the first time using an e-CMR: An electronic version of the primary transport document required for inter-European logistics. Since that crossing, researchers and logistic organizations have proposed a large number of ideas to further digitize Europe’s supply chain. Many of these ideas involve blockchains, but not all of them validate the data that is posted to them. As a result, participants can make illegitimate claims: Even though the blockchain enables transparency and immutability of the data stores, it does not ensure veracity. We provide several examples of works about information sharing in the supply chain that do not perform such validation. One work that does use the blockchain’s validation functionality is DEFEND. DEFEND addresses customs agencies’ lack of information for international freight inspection by tracking shipping containers throughout their journey. As containers pass from one operator to another, the blockchain participants ensure that containers are not doubly spent. In this work, we propose an extension of DEFEND, in which we further extend the capabilities for validation. Moreover, we provide actual cryptographic protocols to preserve participants’ privacy while DEFEND only described privacy on a high level. Finally, by making a more fine-grained distinction between different actors in the chain, we model the entire supply chain from buyer to seller. As a result, the buyer and seller can now track the respective package’s whereabouts through each leg of its journey.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Cyber Securit

Mobile Service Bundles: The Example of Navigation Services

In this paper we explore which bundles of services are attractive to users. We look specifically into bundle composition with navigation services as core, and travel and entertainment related services as complementary services. Pricing is an important criterion as well. We use conjoint measurement as a tool to assess which combination of services and price is the most attractive for users. We find that enhanced services, i.e. services that reinforce the functionality of the core navigation service are more relevant than supplementary services. Traffic information, safety alerts and parking support have positive utilities. However, pricing has a higher predictive value.Infrastructures, Systems and ServicesTechnology, Policy and Managemen

Quality and Reliability in Solid-State Lighting: Qua Vadis?

In the past 4 years we have witnessed a change in quality and reliability to make the marked introduction of solid-state lighting (SSL) successful. LED penetration levels have reached values of 10–30%, depending on the application. The number and variety of LED packages and, thus, associated LED-based products, have significantly increased in the past years. Consequently, new processes and new materials are introduced which will introduce a new series of new and unknown failure modes in SSL products. The understanding of these failure modes is better understood, and the number has grown to beyond 50. The fingerprint is changing to failures that are due to interactions between components. First exercises with system level acceleration tests are presented, but it is important to derive acceleration models for these tests. Advanced reliability prediction capabilities are needed including algorithms and tools that couple the multi-physic and multiscale behavior of the SSL failure modes. The shift toward services will force the lighting industry to develop these capabilities in order to better address lifetime and reliability. Connected lighting will bring big data from live connections that can be used to determine the degradation level of the system. Both trends, service and connected, will bring yet another huge change in mind-set in the lighting industry when in concerns reliability: detailed understanding of failure mechanisms, usage scenarios, technology, and design will come together.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material

Aerodynamic interaction between propellers of a distributed-propulsion system in forward flight

This article describes an experimental investigation of the aerodynamic interaction that occurs between distributed propellers in forward flight. To this end, three propellers were installed in close proximity in a wind tunnel, and the changes in their performance, flow-field characteristics, and noise production were quantified using internal force sensors, total-pressure probes, particle-image velocimetry (PIV), and microphones recessed in the wind-tunnel wall. At the thrust setting corresponding to maximum efficiency, the efficiency of the middle propeller is found to drop by 1.5% due to the interaction with the adjacent propellers, for a tip clearance equal to 4% of the propeller radius. For a given blade-pitch angle, this performance penalty increases with angle of attack, decreasing thrust setting, or a more upstream propeller position, while being insensitive to the rotation direction and relative blade phase angle. Furthermore, the velocities induced by the adjacent propeller slipstreams lead to local loading variations on the propeller disk of 5% – 10% of the average disk loading. Exploratory noise measurements show that the interaction leads to different tonal noise waveforms of the system when compared to the superposition of isolated propellers. Moreover, the results confirm that an active control of the relative blade phase angles between propellers can effectively modify the directivity pattern of the system.Flight Performance and PropulsionAerodynamics, Wind Energy & Propulsio

Aerodynamic Performance and Static Stability Characteristics of Aircraft with Tail-Mounted Propellers

In this combined experimental and numerical study, the propeller–airframe aerodynamic interaction is characterized for an aircraft configuration with propellers mounted to the horizontal tailplane. The contributions of the propeller and airframe to the overall loading are distinguished in the experimental analyses by using a combination of external balance and internal load cell data. Validated computational fluid dynamics simulations are then employed to quantify the interaction at a component level. The results show that the propeller installation shifts the neutral point aft with increasing propeller thrust. For the configuration considered herein, the yawing moment due to sideslip is increased by approximately 10%, independent of the propeller thrust coefficient. The changes in propeller loading due to the airframe-induced flowfield are the dominant factor to change the airframe stability and performance. The prominent installation effects occur at high angle of attack, because in that condition the propeller experiences a significant nonuniform inflow that affects the propeller and tailplane. The relatively large propeller diameter compared with tailplane span leads to a change of the tailplane root vortex that causes the tailplane effectiveness to reduce with an inboard-up rotating propeller.Flight Performance and PropulsionAerodynamics, Wind Energy & Propulsio

Solid fuel combustion chamber progress report VI: Fifth phase, July-December 1984

Aerospace Engineerin