On Critical Relative Distance of DNA Codes for Additive Stem Similarity

We consider DNA codes based on the nearest-neighbor (stem) similarity model which adequately reflects the "hybridization potential" of two DNA sequences. Our aim is to present a survey of bounds on the rate of DNA codes with respect to a thermodynamically motivated similarity measure called an additive stem similarity. These results yield a method to analyze and compare known samples of the nearest neighbor "thermodynamic weights" associated to stacked pairs that occurred in DNA secondary structures.Comment: 5 or 6 pages (compiler-dependable), 0 figures, submitted to 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2010), uses IEEEtran.cl

BRICS influence on global capitalist economy

The paper surveys the BRICS’ performance in the world during the last fifteen years. It analyses the economic environment as well as the possibility of rising of a possible new “global power”. The paper presents the statistical data on economic growth, international trade, population and currency reserves of the BRICS countrie

Qualities and “Anti-Qualities” of Speech: Representation in Ideographic Dictionary

The study of speech from a communicative point of view, namely its communicatively significant qualities, the implementation of the functions of communication and influence, is important primarily in the cultural and speech aspect. Specialists have developed criteria for good speech and requirements for it (informativeness, correctness, accuracy, consistency, relevance, purity, intelligibility, richness, ethics, expressiveness). The purpose of this study is to analyze the specifics of ideas about the qualities of speech in a naive linguistic consciousness. The material of the study is the data obtained in the process of working on the project “Universal Thesaurus of the Russian Language”, which is currently being developed by specialists from the Ural Semantic School under the guidance of prof. L. G. Babenko. Materials from other explanatory and ideographic dictionaries are also used. Among the identified lexemes with the meaning of speech characteristics, first of all, those that are connected by synonymous relations, i.e. are responsible for detailing, concretizing these characteristics. In addition, both compliance and non-compliance with the requirements for good speech, i.e., both its qualities and “anti-qualities”, are marked by linguistic means, which indicates the importance of these opposing characteristics; therefore, attention is also paid to antonymic pairs and groups of words

Specifics of Structuring Ideographic Word Classes Representing Social Spheres (Example of “Education” Sphere)

The sphere of “Education” can be understood in terms of culture, knowledge, axiology, etc. This indicates the integrative and multi-aspect nature of the content behind lexemes such as education, learning, teaching, and studying. The main aspect of this article is lexicographic, with the aim of determining the scope and structure of the lexical set of words comprising the ideographic sphere of “Education” in modern Russian language. The work was carried out as part of the development of the project “Universal Ideographic Dictionary-Thesaurus of the Russian” by the Ural Semantic School under the guidance of L. G. Babenko. Materials from various dictionaries prepared by this team of researchers were used. Methods used included component analysis of lexical meaning and ideographic classification. Various types of relationships organizing this lexical set were identified in order to present a modeling of the “Education” sphere as a fragment of the denotative-ideographic world map. Examples of words and word groups related by hyper-hyponymy, meronymy, synonymy, and antonymy within the denotative-ideographic groups of this sphere are provided. It is shown that the lexical set of words representing the sphere of “Education,” like many other similar classes of words denotatively linked to human social life, is structured not hierarchically, but in accordance with components of represented situations

People's trust in the field of pensions: the sociological analysis

Авторы статьи анализируют такую характеристику социального взаимодействия органов власти граждан и предпринимателей как доверие. Ими обоснованы методологические подходы, применяемые при изучении доверия. Также они приводят результаты проведения фокус-групп, посвященных пенсионной реформе и действиям граждан относительно пенсионных накоплений.The authors analyze a characteristic of social interaction of citizens and government and business as a trust. They justifies the methodological approaches, used in the study of trust. They also report the results of the focus - groups, dealing with pension reform and citizens' actions with respect to pension savings

Development of cognitive abilities of younger schoolchildren in training mathematics

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of cognitive abilities of students in the development of mathematics in primary school. Mathematics is a subject in the study of which children often experience difficulties associated with their low level of development of cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities are considered in the article as individual psychological characteristics of the processes of attention, perception, memory, thinking that distinguish one person from another and are manifested in a successful knowledge of the world. To solve the problem of developing cognitive abilities of younger schoolchildren, it is proposed to build the process of teaching mathematics based on a cognitive-visual approach, the main tools of which are visualized tasks and verbal-graphic systematizers. The main purpose of visualized tasks is to develop the ability to “think about the word” and “peer into the image”, to ensure the implementation of visual translation based on the establishment of links between text, drawing and formula. Various types of verbal-graphic systematizers (tables, matrices, supporting abstracts, concept cards, flowcharts, intelligence cards, diagrams, charts, etc.) suggest the use of spatial images to help comprehend the information presented. The purpose of the work is to show the possibilities of allocated funds for the development of cognitive abilities of elementary school students in math classes in elementary school. Working on this problem and realizing the intended goal, the following methods were used: study and analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature, analysis of educational programs, generalization of pedagogical experience, pedagogical observation, study of the products of children's activities and mathematical processing of empirical material. The article clarifies the meaningful connections between cognitive abilities and visualized tasks, substantiates the impact of visualized tasks on individual components of cognitive abilities, develops a set of visualized tasks, presents types of verbal-graphic systematizers that can be used to develop cognitive abilities of younger students in mathematics.Статья посвящена проблеме развития когнитивных способностей обучающихся при освоении математики в начальной школе. Математика – это предмет, при изучении которого дети часто испытывают трудности, связанные с низким уровнем развития у них когнитивных способностей. Когнитивные способности рассматриваются в статье как индивидуально-психологические особенности процессов внимания, восприятия, памяти, мышления, отличающие одного человека от другого и проявляющиеся в успешном познании окружающего мира. Для решения проблемы развития когнитивных способностей младших школьников предлагается строить процесс обучения математике на основе когнитивно-визуального подхода, основными средствами которого являются визуализированные задачи и словесно-графические систематизаторы. Главное назначение визуализированных задач – это формирование умения «вдумываться в слово» и «всматриваться в образ», обеспечение реализации визуального перевода на основе установления связей между текстом, рисунком и формулой. Различные виды словесно-графических систематизаторов (таблицы, матрицы, опорные конспекты, карты понятий, блок-схемы, интеллект-карты, диаграммы, графики и т. п.) предполагают использование пространственных образов, помогающих осмыслить представленную информацию. Цель работы – показать возможности выделенных средств для развития когнитивных способностей младших школьников на уроках математики в начальной школе. Работая над данной проблемой и реализуя намеченную цель, использовались следующие методы: изучение и анализ психолого-педагогической и методической литературы, анализ образовательных программ, обобщение педагогического опыта, педагогическое наблюдение, изучение продуктов деятельности детей и математическая обработка эмпирического материала. В работе уточнены содержательные связи между когнитивными способностями и визуализированными задачами, обосновано влияние визуализированных задач на отдельные компоненты когнитивных способностей, разработан комплекс визуализированных задач, представлены виды словесно-графических систематизаторов, которые могут быть использованы для развития когнитивных способностей младших школьников на уроках математики

Role of Antonymy in Conceptualization of Sound Characteristics in Russian Language

On the basis of the ideographic dictionary data, semantic relations within the framework of synonymic-antonymic complexes in the denotative-ideographic group “Sound Characteristics” in the modern Russian language are considered. The symmetry / asymmetry of these relations is shown. Specifics of conceptualization of the characteristics of the sound in the aspect of relations of opposites is revealed. The study was conducted in the framework of the project of Big Comprehensive Ideographic Dictionary of Synonymic and Antonymic Complexes under the direction of L. G. Babenko. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the antonymy in the field of sound is considered comprehensively, in interaction with synonymic connections, as well as in the aspect of lexicographic representation. The material of the study was seven synonymic and antonymic complexes: blagozvuchnyy - neblagozvuchnyy, vnyatnyy - nevnyatnyy, vysokiy - nizkiy, gromkiy - tikhiy, zvonkiy - glukhoy, pronzitelnyy - myagkiy, protyazhnyy - otryvistyy . The differences in the “fullness” of synonymic-antonymic oppositions and the ratio of synonyms and antonyms in them are noted. It is shown that an important parameter for the oppositions under consideration is the objective / subjective nature of the feature. The types of antonymy oppositions implemented in the field of sound are considered: contradictory oppositions name mutually exclusive characteristics of sound; contrary oppositions have gradable parameter in semantics, which causes the opposition; contrary nature of these oppositions is emphasized by the presence of derivatives of the verbal oppositions of vector type

The role of language representation of the time model in the process of meaning creation

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the language picture of the world, which owes its structural integrity to its relational framework. The archetype “time” is central to the Christian mythology, in fairy tales and other linguocultural artefacts. The thought-language essences representing the category TIME in the modern German language, connect different time modes (past, present, future), allowing to distinguish different worlds. The memory of the ways of the development of the human soul is concentrated in the