The VoTe room temperature H216O line list up to 25000 cm-1

A preliminary version of the line list of dipole-allowed transition of the water molecule is presented. The line lists is created on the basis of VoTe calculations (Voronin, Tennyson et al. in preparation). The cut-of values used for this line list are: 25000 cm-1 in wave number and 10-30 cm/molecule at T=296 K in intensity. Calculated line-lists are available on the site ftp://ftp.iao.ru/pub/VTT/VoTe/

The absorption spectrum of short-lived isotopic variant of water, H₂¹⁵O: Tentative detection at the Earth's atmosphere

A calculated infrared vibration–rotation spectrum of isotopically modified water, H215O, is presented. Oxygen-15 has a half-life of about 2 minutes and H215O may be formed in the atmosphere during thunderstorms as a result of photonuclear processes or when the atmosphere is irradiated by cosmic γ-rays. Variational nuclear motion calculations of vibrational and vibrational-rotational levels up to 25000 cm−1 and up to J = 10 in angular momentum are performed within the framework of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation using an accurate water potential function. The line shape parameters for H215O are estimated. Spectral ranges that are promising for the detection of H215O in the atmosphere are identified and a search for spectral signatures conducted. A spectral feature is tentatively assigned to the 752 (0 1 0) - 643 (0 0 0) line of H215O

Room temperature line lists for deuterated water

Line lists are presented for six deuterated isotopologues of water vapor namely HD16O, HD17O, HD18O, D16 2 O, D17 2 O and D18 2 O. These line lists are prepared using empirically-determined energy levels, where available, to provide transition frequencies and high-quality ab initio dipole moment surfaces to provide transition intensities. The reliability of the predicted intensities is tested by computing multiple line lists and analyzing the stability of the results. The resulting intensities are expected to be accurate to a few percent for well-behaved, stable transitions. Complete T = 296 K line lists are provided for each species

Anti-filarial Activity of Antibiotic Therapy Is Due to Extensive Apoptosis after Wolbachia Depletion from Filarial Nematodes

Filarial nematodes maintain a mutualistic relationship with the endosymbiont Wolbachia. Depletion of Wolbachia produces profound defects in nematode development, fertility and viability and thus has great promise as a novel approach for treating filarial diseases. However, little is known concerning the basis for this mutualistic relationship. Here we demonstrate using whole mount confocal microscopy that an immediate response to Wolbachia depletion is extensive apoptosis in the adult germline, and in the somatic cells of the embryos, microfilariae and fourth-stage larvae (L4). Surprisingly, apoptosis occurs in the majority of embryonic cells that had not been infected prior to antibiotic treatment. In addition, no apoptosis occurs in the hypodermal chords, which are populated with large numbers of Wolbachia, although disruption of the hypodermal cytoskeleton occurs following their depletion. Thus, the induction of apoptosis upon Wolbachia depletion is non-cell autonomous and suggests the involvement of factors originating from Wolbachia in the hypodermal chords. The pattern of apoptosis correlates closely with the nematode tissues and processes initially perturbed following depletion of Wolbachia, embryogenesis and long-term sterilization, which are sustained for several months until the premature death of the adult worms. Our observations provide a cellular mechanism to account for the sustained reductions in microfilarial loads and interruption of transmission that occurs prior to macrofilaricidal activity following antibiotic therapy of filarial nematodes

Energy efficient sparse connectivity from imbalanced synaptic plasticity rules

It is believed that energy efficiency is an important constraint in brain evolution. As synaptic transmission dominates energy consumption, energy can be saved by ensuring that only a few synapses are active. It is therefore likely that the formation of sparse codes and sparse connectivity are fundamental objectives of synaptic plasticity. In this work we study how sparse connectivity can result from a synaptic learning rule of excitatory synapses. Information is maximised when potentiation and depression are balanced according to the mean presynaptic activity level and the resulting fraction of zero-weight synapses is around 50%. However, an imbalance towards depression increases the fraction of zero-weight synapses without significantly affecting performance. We show that imbalanced plasticity corresponds to imposing a regularising constraint on the L1-norm of the synaptic weight vector, a procedure that is well-known to induce sparseness. Imbalanced plasticity is biophysically plausible and leads to more efficient synaptic configurations than a previously suggested approach that prunes synapses after learning. Our framework gives a novel interpretation to the high fraction of silent synapses found in brain regions like the cerebellum

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Estimation of H₂O Absorption Line Contributions to Atmospheric Transmission in the Ultraviolet Spectral Region

The POKAZATEL line list is currently the most complete theoretical list of H₂O monomer absorption lines. It contains H₂O lines up to the dissociation energy ∼40 000 cm^{−1} (0.25 μm). The atmospheric transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is simulated with the use of H2O lines from POKAZATEL. The broadening parameters of absorption lines in the UV region are determined more accurately with the use of different approximations. It is shown that the contribution of H₂O absorption lines to the atmospheric transmission can attain 0.03 near 25 000 cm^{−1} at a spectral resolution of 0.01 cm^{−1}