Analysis of chromosome aberrations by FISH and Giemsa assays in lymphocytes of cancer patients undergoing whole-body irradiation: comparison of in vivo and in vitro irradiation

Abstract. Studies of the frequencies of chromosome exchange aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes provide useful Purpose : To study the cytogenetic eVects of fractionated radiobiodosimetric information (IAEA 1986, Darroudi therapy in peripheral blood lymphocytes of ve cancer patients. 2000). For individual dose estimation, a calibration In vitro experiments were performed in parallel using the same dose-response curve constructed for human lympho- patients undergoing protracted whole-body irradiGiemsa-stained preparations were used to score unstable ation at low doses before local radiotherapy at high aberrations following in vivo and in vitro exposure. dose. Results: A linear dose-response curve was determined for both dicentrics and translocations. The in vivo frequency of translocations was higher than for dicentrics. Dose-response curves Materials and methods generated for translocations following in vivo and in vitro irradiation yielded similar frequencies. In contrast, for dicentrics, in 2.1. Subjects vitro irradiation yielded a higher frequency when compared with data generated following in vivo exposure. The study was performed on ve patients aged Conclusions : For dose reconstruction purposes, translocations fre-23-70 years, one woman and four men, with quency seems to be a more adequate end-point than the scoring advanced cancers and distant metastases

НЕИММУННЫЙ ОТЁК ПЛОДА ПРИ ВНУТРИУТРОБНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) may be due to congenital infections. This article examines the congenital infections associated with NIHF – parvovirus and syphilis. Particular attention is paid to data verification infection and specificity of morphological changes in the placenta.Внутриутробная инфекция может сопровождаться неиммунным отёком плода. В данной статье приводятся практические наблюдения случаев неиммунного отёка плода при парвовирусной инфекции и сифилисе. Особое внимание уделено верификации данных инфекций и специфичности морфологических изменений в плаценте

ДИАГНОСТИКА РЕЦИДИВОВ РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ FISH-МЕТОДА, ОСУЩЕСТВЛЯЕМОГО НА КЛЕТКАХ ОСАДКА МОЧИ

A sample of 63 patients with bladder cancer (BC) was used to estimate the informative value of a noninvasive UroVysion test carried out prior to cystoscopy on urine sediment cells when diagnosing BC recurrences. The latter were detected by either the two techniques (cystoscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay) or one of them in 19 patients in different periods after treatment for primary BC (1-36 months). Cystoscopy revealed 13 recurrent BC cases; FISH assay identified 17 cases and in earlier periods. The total sensitivity of the FISH assay was 84.6%. The sample of 20 FISH-positive primary patients showed a direct correlation between BC stage, grade, and the number of abnormal cells (as indicated the UroVysion test) in the urine sediment.В выборке из 63 больных раком мочевого пузыря (РМП) оценивали информативность неинвазивного UroVysion-теста, проводившегося до цистоскопии на клетках осадка мочи, при диагностике рецидивов заболевания. У 19 пациентов в разные сроки после лечения первичного РМП (1–36 мес) были выявлены рецидивы либо обоими методами (цистоскопия и FISH), либо одним из них. При этом методом цистоскопии выявлено 13 случаев рецидивов РМП, FISH-анализом – 17 и в более ранние сроки. Общая чувствительность FISH-метода составила 84,6 %. На выборке из 20 «FISH-положительных» первичных больных обнаружена прямая корреляция между стадией заболевания (рТ), степенью злокачественности (G) опухоли и количеством аномальных (в соответствии с UroVysion-тестом) клеток в осадке мочи

Intrauterine infections with nonimmune hydrops fetalis

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) may be due to congenital infections. This article examines the congenital infections associated with NIHF – parvovirus and syphilis. Particular attention is paid to data verification infection and specificity of morphological changes in the placenta

USE OF FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY ON URINE SEDIMENT CELLS TO DIAGNOSE URINARY BLADDER CANCER AND ITS RECURRENCESY

<p>Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was used to detect tumor cells in the urine sediment of patients diagnosed as having urinary bladder cancer (UBC). For this, the investigators applied a fluorescence DNA probe kit (UroVysion) that could reveal the cytogenetic abnormalities characteristic for UBC, such as hyperploidy for chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and deletion of the 9p21 locus, in the cast-off cells. Twenty-eight patients with the primary diagnosis of UBC, 12 with its suspected recurrence, 3 subjects without UBC were examined. The findings were compared with cystoscopic data after urine samples were taken. The sensitivity of the UroVysion test totaled 78.5 ± 9.7 % for all stages of primary cancer (pT1-pT4), 87.5 ± 11.6 % for its early stage (рТ1), and 100 % for UBC recurrences. Hyperploidy was a predominant type of cytogenetic abnormalities in the cast-off tumor cells. Among the abnormal cells, the types of hyperploidy (tri-, tetrasomy) were most common for chromosome 3 and less for chromosome 7. Thus, the UroVysion test is a noninvasive highly sensitive tool that may be used in clinical practice to improve the diagnosis of UBC, to detect recurrences, and to monitor the efficiency of treatment.</p

DIAGNOSIS OF RECURRENT BLADDER CANCER BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY ON URINE SEDIMENT CELLS

<p>A sample of 63 patients with bladder cancer (BC) was used to estimate the informative value of a noninvasive UroVysion test carried out prior to cystoscopy on urine sediment cells when diagnosing BC recurrences. The latter were detected by either the two techniques (cystoscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay) or one of them in 19 patients in different periods after treatment for primary BC (1-36 months). Cystoscopy revealed 13 recurrent BC cases; FISH assay identified 17 cases and in earlier periods. The total sensitivity of the FISH assay was 84.6%. The sample of 20 FISH-positive primary patients showed a direct correlation between BC stage, grade, and the number of abnormal cells (as indicated the UroVysion test) in the urine sediment.</p

International study of factors affecting human chromosome translocations

Chromosome translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal, healthy humans increase with age, but the effects of gender, race, and cigarette smoking on background translocation yields have not been examined systematically. Further, the shape of the relationship between age and translocation frequency (TF) has not been definitively determined. We collected existing data from 16 laboratories in North America, Europe, and Asia on TFs measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization whole chromosome painting among 1933 individuals. In Poisson regression models, age, ranging from newborns (cord blood) to 85 years, was strongly associated with TF and this relationship showed significant upward curvature at older ages versus a linear relationship (p < 0.001). Ever smokers had significantly higher TFs than non-smokers (rate ratio (RR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.30) and smoking modified the effect of age on TFs with a steeper age-related increase among ever smokers compared to non-smokers (p < 0.001). TFs did not differ by gender. Interpreting an independent effect of race was difficult owing to laboratory variation. Our study is three times larger than any pooled effort to date, confirming a suspected curvilinear relationship of TF with age. The significant effect of cigarette smoking has not been observed with previous pooled studies of TF in humans. Our data provide stable estimates of background TF by age, gender, race, and smoking status and suggest an acceleration of chromosome damage above age 60 and among those with a history of smoking cigarettes. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved