Between the Eurasian and European subsystems: migration and migration policy in the CIS and Baltic Countries in the 1990s - 2020s

The article analyses migration from border countries (the so-called overlapping area) of two migration subsystems - Eurasian (centred in the Russian Federation) and European (the European Union) from 1991 to 2021 (before the recent events in Ukraine). A step-by-step analysis of the migration situation in the countries of the former USSR - Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine and Estonia was conducted. The article examines bilateral and multilateral migration processes, analyses the main factors influencing their development and explores migration policy measures and their impact on the regulation of migration processes in the countries of the overlapping area. These countries, located between the two centres of major migration subsystems in Eurasia (Eurasian and European, or, in other words, between the Russian Federation and the core of the EU), are subject to their strong influence and 'competitive gravitation'. The strength of this gravitation depends not only on pull and push factors but also on the attractiveness and non-attractiveness of the migration policies prevailing in these migration subsystems at a given point in time

Directly observing squeezed phonon states with femtosecond x-ray diffraction

Squeezed states are quantum states of a harmonic oscillator in which the variance of two conjugate variables each oscillate out of phase. Ultrafast optical excitation of crystals can create squeezed phonon states, where the variance of the atomic displacements oscillates due to a sudden change in the interatomic bonding strength. With femtosecond x-ray diffraction we measure squeezing oscillations in bismuth and conclude that they are consistent with a model in which electronic excitation softens all phonon modes by a constant scaling factor

EPR detection of presumable quantum behavior of iron oxide nanoparticles in dendrimeric nanocomposite

© 2017 Elsevier B.V.The superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (average diameter of 2.5 nm) encapsulated in poly(propylene imine) dendrimer have been investigated by Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR). EMR measurements have been recorded in perpendicular and parallel configurations in the wide temperature range (4.2–300 K). It has been shown that the model based on the spin value S = 30, corresponding to the total magnetic moment of the nanoparticle, can be used to interpret the experimental results and the proof of the quantum behavior of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

Time resolved pattern evolution in a large aperture laser

We have measured quasi-instantaneous transverse patterns in a broad aperture laser. Non-ordered patterns yielding to boundary determined regular structures in progressive time-integrated recording are observed. The linear analysis and numerical integration of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations allow us to interpret the features of the experiment. We show that this system being far from threshold cannot be fully understood with a perturbative model.Comment: 7 pages, 5 GIF figures . To be published in Phys. Rev. Let

Ultrafast changes in lattice symmetry probed by coherent phonons

The electronic and structural properties of a material are strongly determined by its symmetry. Changing the symmetry via a photoinduced phase transition offers new ways to manipulate material properties on ultrafast timescales. However, in order to identify when and how fast these phase transitions occur, methods that can probe the symmetry change in the time domain are required. We show that a time-dependent change in the coherent phonon spectrum can probe a change in symmetry of the lattice potential, thus providing an all-optical probe of structural transitions. We examine the photoinduced structural phase transition in VO2 and show that, above the phase transition threshold, photoexcitation completely changes the lattice potential on an ultrafast timescale. The loss of the equilibrium-phase phonon modes occurs promptly, indicating a non-thermal pathway for the photoinduced phase transition, where a strong perturbation to the lattice potential changes its symmetry before ionic rearrangement has occurred.Comment: 14 pages 4 figure

Restoring interlayer Josephson coupling in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4 by charge transfer melting of stripe order

We show that disruption of charge-density-wave (stripe) order by charge transfer excitation, enhances the superconducting phase rigidity in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4. Time-resolved resonant soft x-ray diffraction demonstrates that charge order melting is prompt following near-infrared photoexcitation whereas the crystal structure remains intact for moderate fluences. THz time-domain spectroscopy reveals that, for the first 2 ps following photoexcitation, a new Josephson plasma resonance edge, at higher frequency with respect to the equilibrium edge, is induced indicating enhanced superconducting interlayer coupling. The fluence dependence of the charge-order melting and the enhanced superconducting interlayer coupling are correlated with a saturation limit of ∼0.5mJ/cm2. Using a combination of x-ray and optical spectroscopies we establish a hierarchy of timescales between enhanced superconductivity, melting of charge order, and rearrangement of the crystal structure

Parameters of communication behavior and national language

Analyze the category of "language behavior" in modern linguistic research. It states provisions of the communicative interpretation of the logical-semantic structure of utterances to determine their ethnocultural feature

Directly Observing Squeezed Phonon States with Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction

Squeezed states are quantum states of a harmonic oscillator in which the variance of two conjugate variables each oscillate out of phase. Ultrafast optical excitation of crystals can create squeezed phonon states, where the variance of the atomic displacements oscillates due to a sudden change in the interatomic bonding strength. With femtosecond x-ray diffraction we measure squeezing oscillations in bismuth and conclude that they are consistent with a model in which electronic excitation softens all phonon modes by a constant scaling factor

БИОАБСОРБИРУЕМЫЕ ЭНДОПРОТЕЗЫ ДЛЯ ЭНДОВАСКУЛЯРНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ХИБС: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Highlights. Bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds for percutaneous coronary interventions in multivessel coronaryartery disease patients and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus may increase the effectiveness of endovascular treatment and improve the long-term prognosis. The review article discusses recent data and evidences on the efficacy and safety of various stent generations for treating patients with coronary artery disease. The main complications commonly occurred following the implantation of drug-eluting stents in the long-term period are summarized, suggesting the rationale for the use of the next generation bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds in routine clinical practice. Bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds for endovascular treatment of patients with coronary artery disease show comparable efficacy compared with conventional drug-eluting stents. Particular attention is paid to the technical approaches of bioabsorbable vascular scaffold implantation, the use of intavascular imaging to control the implantation, as well as the timing of dual antiplatelet therapy in the postoperative period. The final term of the first-generation scaffold absorption, dual antiplatelet therapy, the effectiveness of bioabsorbable vascular scaffold-treated distal lesions and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes are highlighted. Future perspectives of using the next generation bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds that may improve the efficiency of percutaneous coronary interventions are presented.Основные положения Использование биоабсорбируемых сосудистых эндопротезов для эндоваскулярного лечения больных хронической ишемической болезнью сердца, в том числе с сопутствующим сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и дистальным типом поражения коронарного русла, позволит повысить эффективность эндоваскулярного лечения и улучшить отдаленный прогноз таких пациентов. В статье представлен анализ современных исследований по эффективности и безопасности различных генераций стентов, используемых для лечения больных хронической ишемической болезнью сердца. Обобщены основные проблемы, возникающие в отдаленном периоде у пациентов после имплантации стентов с лекарственным покрытием, что позволило обосновать целесообразность применения в клинической практике новой генерации – биоабсорбируемых эндопротезов, которые являются основной составляющей сосудистой репаративной терапии. Показано, что применение биоабсорбируемых эндопротезов для эндоваскулярного лечения больных показывает сопоставимую эффективность в сравнении с традиционными стентами с лекарственным покрытием. Отдельное внимание уделено техническим особенностям имплантации биоабсорбируемых эндопротезов, использованию визуализирующих методов для контроля имплантации, а также срокам двойной антиагрегантной терапии в послеоперационном периоде. Освещены нерешенные вопросы использования первых генераций биоабсорбируемых эндопротезов, касающиеся окончательных сроков абсорбции, особенностей двойной антиагрегантной терапии, эффективности эндопротезов у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, а также при стентировании дистальных сегментов коронарных артерий. Показаны перспективы сосудистой репаративной терапии, которые ассоциируются с использованием новых, усовершенствованных поколений биоабсорбируемых эндопротезов, позволяющих существенно повысить эффективность чрескожных коронарных вмешательств при использовании данных устройств.