Beyond the merchant and the clergyman: assessing moral claims about development cooperation

This article proposes to move beyond the categories of altruism and self-interest in the analyses of the motives for development cooperation. This opposition ignores the inherently moral nature of development policy. The article illustrates the shortcomings of such a perspective by tracing the metaphor of the merchant and the clergyman as archetypical figures shaping Dutch development policy. Through these images the suggestion of an opposition between moral and amoral motives in the history of development has gained a strong foothold within the interplay of scholars, policy makers and public opinion. We go on to assess claims about economy, security, solidarity, prestige and guilt, and ecology, which have been brought forward to legitimise Dutch foreign aid. This analysis calls for research on the dynamics of the transnational exchanges of ideas, interests and expectations, especially during episodes when the moral validity of policy has been explicitly contested

Note sur les noms-d'éloge bamiléké

Voorhoeve Jan. Note sur les noms-d'éloge bamiléké. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 4, n°15, 1964. pp. 452-455

Note sur les noms-d'éloge bamiléké

Voorhoeve Jan. Note sur les noms-d'éloge bamiléké. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 4, n°15, 1964. pp. 452-455

Operational semantics for Petri net components

We propose a calculus for marked labelled nets (components), with places and transitions as atoms and merge, addition, fusion and relabelling as operators. The operators are defined using graph-based transformations; each net can be represented by a term. Next, we define both a step semantics for nets and a Plotkin-style SOS semantics for net terms and show their equivalence. In the semantics, both state-oriented and event-oriented properties of components can be expressed. We give a few rules for reducing components to smaller equivalent ones

Operational semantics for Petri net components Operational semantics for Petri Net components

Abstract We develop a theory for net components with labeled interface places and transitions. Nets are shown to be isomorphic to algebraic terms, with marked places and transitions as atoms and arc addition, fusion and relabeling as operators. Net terms with the step firing rule are given a Plotkin-style SOS semantics, yielding compositionality of the operators. Some rules for reducing nets modulo strong and branching bisimilarity are given

Operational semantics for Petri net components

Abstract We develop a theory for net components with labeled interface places and transitions. Nets are shown to be isomorphic to algebraic terms, with marked places and transitions as atoms and arc addition, fusion and relabeling as operators. Net terms with the step firing rule are given a Plotkin-style SOS semantics, yielding compositionality of the operators. Some rules for reducing nets modulo strong and branching bisimilarity are given