Otimização de rotas num sistema de Bike-Sharing usando sinais fisiológicos

Com o passar dos anos, o bike-sharing tem merecido uma crescente atenção, devido às iniciativas para aumentar o uso de bicicletas em detrimento dos transportes motorizados. O objetivo desta mudança visa minimizar o uso dos transportes urbanos que libertam gases poluentes causando problemas ambientais e congestionamento de tráfego. Tendo em vista a alternativa aos transportes urbanos e veículos motorizados, com objetivo de adotar um estilo de vida verde e saudável, várias cidades em todo o planeta tentam proporcionar esse estilo de vida aos seus cidadãos, construindo sistemas os bike-sharing e pondo à disposição parques de estacionamento com bicicletas.Neste documento, pretende-se mencionar a criação de um sistema que com a medição de parâmetros físicos, através de sensores fisiológicos e dispositivos Wearable, pode dar a perceber quais as rotas mais otimizadas para um utilizador e de que forma a utilização dos sistema de bike-sharing se pode articular com os restantes transportes públicos da cidade. No final da dissertação, espera-se como resultado uma aplicação Android, denominada SmartBikeEmotion, que pretende permitir aos utilizadores usufruir do que os sistemas de bike-sharing proporcionam, com o acréscimo da adaptação dos circuitos à sua condição física, auxiliando na sua movimentação pela cidade. Esta aplicação será integrada com o projeto BikeEmotion, um projeto de bike-sharing, desenvolvido em consórcio pela Ubiwhere, Ponto.C, Micro I/O, e Universidade de Aveiro.Over the years, the bike-sharing has received a widespread attention due to initiatives to increase the use of bicycles instead of motorized transports. The objective of this change is to minimize the use of urban transport that release greenhouse gases which causes environmental problems and traffic congestion. Take in account the alternative to urban transport and motor vehicles, in order to adopt a green and healthy lifestyle, many cities around the world attempts to provide this lifestyle to its citizens, building bike-sharing systems and making available parking spaces for bicycles.In this paper, we intended to show the creation of a system which with the measurement of physical parameters, through physiological sensors and Wearable devices, may advise about the more optimized routes for the users and how the bike-sharing system can be linked with other public transports. In the end of this thesis, we expect an Android application, called SmartBikeEmotion, which aims to allow the users take advantages of the bike-sharing system, with the strength of the circuits adaption to the user's physical condition, assisting them in the cycling through the city. This application will be integrated with BikeEmotion project, a bike-sharing project, developed in partnership by Ubiwhere, Ponto.C, Micro I / O, and University of Aveiro

Radiation pattern of an electric line source located in a semi-infinite grounded dielectric slab calculated using the expansion wave concept and the geometrical theory of diffraction

An efficient method for the calculation of the radiation pattern of an electric line source placed on a semi-infinite grounded dielectric structure is presented. An expansion wave concept is used to determine electric and magnetic fields at the edge. The diffraction effects caused by the truncation are taken into consideration by the application of general theory of diffraction (GTD) postulates, which link the diffracted fields with the incident expansion waves at the edge via diffraction coefficients. The diffraction coefficients for these waves are calculated numerically using integral equations techniques. Application of the method is shown for different grounded dielectric slabs, including the situation when the surface wave is close to cut-off. Numerical results are in good agreement with those that have been obtained by alternative approaches, based on the method of integral equations.status: publishe

Modeling of a cavity filled with a plane multilayered dielectric using the method of auxiliary sources

A numerical technique is developed for the calculation of electromagnetic fields inside a cavity filled with multilayered dielectric. The primary field generated by a source is expressed in terms of the eigenmodes of the parallel-plate waveguide. The eigenmodes explicitly satisfy the boundary conditions on the top and bottom plates of the waveguide. As in the original method of auxiliary sources, auxiliary sources (ASs) and collocation points are introduced on the perimeter of the cavity on the sidewalls where the boundary conditions are imposed. Each AS is a source of the omnidirectional radiation of the waveguide's eigenmode. The boundary conditions are satisfied separately for each eigenmode. As soon as the amplitude of an AS is calculated, it becomes possible to take into account the influence of the cavity's shape on the primary source. An example of two coaxial probes in a rectangular cavity is presented. This structure is also analyzed using Zeland Software's IE3D. © 2006 IEEE.status: publishe

High-frequency scattering on a semi-infinite dielectric slab with a rising ground: TM case

The scattering of electromagnetic fields at the edge of a semi-infinite dielectric slab on a rising ground is considered. The solution procedure is reduced to the solution of an aperture integral equation (A-IE) for magnetic currents at the edge in the plane normal to the ground plane. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.status: publishe

Line source near the edge of a truncated dielectric slab with small vertical wall

The radiation pattern of a line source placed near the edge of a semi-infinite dielectric structure with vertical wall at the edge is considered. Two approaches have been formulated. The first approach is based on the integral equation technique and the second one consists in the combination of the geometrical theory of diffraction and the expansion wave concept. The problem is solved for a general illumination (electric and magnetic line sources). Numerical results are presented for two formulations in order to illustrate the influence of the wall's length on the radiation pattern. © Journal of electromagnetic waves and applications. All Rights reserved.status: publishe

Field generated by a magnetic line source embedded in a semi-infinite dielectric slab

In this paper, a numerical solution procedure is presented to calculate electromagnetic fields generated by a magnetic line source embedded in a semi-infinite dielectric slab waveguide. The solution consists of a fringe aperture integral equation for magnetic currents at the edge in the plane normal to the dielectric slab waveguide. In order to construct an effective numerical solution, asymptotic expressions for the field in the dielectric slab waveguide generated by the magnetic source are derived. The differences in the asymptotic expressions for the fields in a dielectric slab and a grounded dielectric slab are discussed.status: publishe

Modelling of microstrip antennas on a finite ground plane using the 2D physical optics model

A method for the computation of radiation patterns of microstrip antennas on a finite ground plane is presented. The method is based on the geometrical theory of diffraction and the 2D physical optics model. The diffraction of space waves and surface waves is taken into consideration.status: publishe

A heuristic diffraction coefficient for the corner of a dielectric slab

A heuristic diffraction coefficient for the corner of a semi-infinite dielectric slab angular sector is presented. The corner diffraction coefficient is constructed based on the solution of a canonical problem using a physical optics formulation: a plane surface wave hitting the corner of the slab. The corner diffraction coefficient is expressed in terms of edge diffraction coefficients. It has a very simple form that can be easily extended to other types of excitations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparison with other techniques based on physical optics and experiments. The proposed corner diffraction coefficient can be used within geometrical theory of diffraction solution techniques for planar antennas.status: publishe

Analysis of a magnetic-line source on a truncated dielectric layer structure by using a combination of the expansion wave concept and physical-optics methods

A new approach based on the combination of the physical-optics (PO) formulation and the expansion-wave concept (EWC) has been used to model the radiation pattern of a magnetic-line source on a truncated dielectric layer structure. The EWC is used to approximate the PO fields by expansion waves. The advantage of the method is that it keeps the flexibility of the PO, allowing the analytical analysis of very complex multilayered substrates.status: publishe

Modelling of a microstrip antenna on a finite ground plane using the expansion wave concept and the aperture integral equation formulation

A microstrip antenna located on a finite ground plane has been analysed. The calculation is split into several steps. In the first step, the microstrip antenna on an infinite ground plane is analysed using the moment method. In the next step, the radiation pattern is calculated using ray tracing techniques. The fields in the layered structure are expanded into a finite number of expansion waves. The expansion waves propagate up to the edges of the finite ground plane, where they diffract. Diffraction coefficients for these waves are calculated using a formulation based on the aperture integral equation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the proposed model.status: publishe