The Idea of Civil Society in the Enlightenment Age

The authors emphasise two necessary conditions for civil society: the existence of a public space and a social activism culture that protects personal autonomy. The last condition was substantially developed in the Enlightenment Age, when the belief that civil society was a counterbalance to the state became widespread. In this article the authors justify point of view according to which the connection between the state and the civil society is subject to the dialectics of unity and struggle of opposites. The formation of civil society is closely linked to the development of the bourgeois class under the aegis of the state during the industrial revolution, which was the main focus of Enlightenment thinkers from T. Hobbes to H. Hegel. The social structures growing complexity and the bourgeois society conflict potential was reflected in the liberal constitutionalism which was the basis for diverse political changes leaded to formation of the civil society institutions. The authors conclude that a contemporary civic culture is all the more likely to be successful the deeper Enligtenment’s ideological potential, which includes the pluralism values, the free and self-governing citizen associations ideological diversity is realised

Англійська мова для біологів

Навчальний посібник укладений відповідно до вимог програми рівневого вивчення іноземної мови в університеті і призначений для студентів 1-3 курсів біологічного факультету, які вивчають мову у групах середнього та вищого рівнів. Мета посібника - поглиблення теоретичних і практичних знань студентів з англійської мови, формування та розвиток умінь і навичок сприймати і відтворювати іншомовний науковий фаховий дискурс, розширення словникового запасу загально-наукової та професійної лексики. Посібник містить сучасний автентичний текстовий матеріал, який охоплює базову лексику основних галузей біологічної науки. Практичні завдання укладено з урахуванням новітніх методичних стратегій викладання іноземної мови професійного спрямування. Посібник може бути корисним для магістрантів, аспірантів та науковців-біологів, які самостійно удосконалюють свої знання з англійської мови.CONTENTS : Передмова 5; UNIT 1 7; Lesson 1. Biology – the Science of Life 7; Lesson 2. Life 15; Lesson 3. The Origin of Life 23; Unit 1 Focus Words and Phrases 31; Revision and Additional Practice 1 32; UNIT 2 42; Lesson 1. Macromolecules 42; Lesson 2. Cell as a Basic Unit of Life 53; Lesson 3. Cell Structure 64; Lesson 4. Cell Division 74; Unit 2 Focus Words and Phrases 84; Revision and Additional Practice 2 85; UNIT 3 96; Lesson 1. The Protista 96; Lesson 2. The Bacteria 109; Lesson 3. Viruses 119; Unit 3 Focus Words and Phrases 131; Revision and Additional Practice 3 132; UNIT 4 143 ; Lesson 1. Vascular Plants 143 ; Lesson 2. Development of Gametophytes in Angiosperms 153 ; Lesson 3. Animals 165; Lesson 4. Phylum Chordata 175; Unit 4 Focus Words and Phrases 186; Revision and Additional Practice 4 188; UNIT 5 199; Lesson 1. Anthropogenesis 199; Lesson 2. Evolution 212; Lesson 3. Genetics 225; Lesson 4. Ecology 236; Unit 5 Focus Words and Phrases 248; Revision and Additional Practice 5 250; List of Biology Terms and Biology Related Words 261; References 277; List of Sources 278; Appendix 279; Tapescripts 280

Оформлення курсових, дипломних і магістерських робіт

Описані вимоги до оформлення курсових, дипломних і магістерських робітЗміст : ВСТУП 1 ; 1. СТРУКТУРА РОБІТ 6 ; 2. ОФОРМЛЕННЯ РОБІТ 9 ; 2.1. Загальні вимоги до тексту 9 ; 2.2. Титульна сторінка 11 ; 2.3. Рубрикація 12 ; 2.3.1. Класична система рубрикації 12 ; 2.3.2. Рубрикація науково-технічної літератури 14 ; 2.4. Зміст 15 ; 2.5. Посилання на літературу в тексті 15 ; 2.6. Ілюстрації 18 ; 2.7. Таблиці 20 ; 2.8. Формули 21 ; 2.9. Список літератури 22 ; 2.9.1. Елементи бібліографічного запису документа 22 ; 2.9.2. Бібліографічні описи книг 31 ; 2.9.3. Бібліографічний опис частини книги і статті у збірнику або періодичному виданні 31 ; 2.9.4. Бібліографічний опис рукописів і науково-технічних документів 35 ; 2.10. Оформлення додатків 38 ; ДОДАТКИ 39 ; Додаток 1. Зразки оформлення титульних сторінок 39 ; Додаток 2. Зразок оформлення змісту дипломної роботи з використанням рубрикації науково-технічної літератури 43 ; Додаток 3. Зразок оформлення змісту дипломної роботи з використанням класичної рубрикації 44 ; Додаток 4. Зразки оформлення ілюстративного матеріалу 45 ; Додаток 5. Приклади оформлення таблиць 48 ; Додаток 6. Вимоги до оформлення курсових, дипломних і магістерських робіт 49

Institutions of Higher Education in the Russian Federation: Budgetary and Private Impact of Education at the University Level

This article considers at the university level the graduates’ income information, as well as budgetary and private cost estimates to determine budgetary and private impact of education using the calculation of internal rate of return. Since the graduates’ income information is available for only three-year period after the graduation, the synthetic profile of the graduates’ income during their lives is constructed according to the regional microdata. Results of the calculation show that the average impact of higher education is about 9 %, which is consistent with other estimates. In addition to list of universities indicating their impact, the article presents conclusions and recommendations, based on the analysis of the impact’s types and the correlation with other parameters, particularly with Unified State Examination scores for entry into higher education. The article’s value consists in demonstration of the possible approach for estimates, considering impact of investment in higher education at the university, faculty or department level. Researchers of the future can build on methodology and estimates, presented in this article, to obtain more accurate and reliable data on private impact of investment in higher education.В настоящей статье используются сведения на уровне вузов о доходах выпускников, а также оценки бюджетных и частных затрат для определения бюджетной и частной отдачи от образования путем расчета внутренней нормы доходности. Поскольку сведения о доходах выпускников доступны только за трехлетний период после окончания образовательного учреждения, на основе региональных микроданных строится синтетический профиль доходов выпускников в течение всей жизни. Результаты расчетов показывают, что средняя отдача от высшего образования составляет около 9 %, что совпадает с другими оценками. В дополнение к спискам вузов с указанием отдачи, в статье представлены выводы и рекомендации, основанные на анализе характера отдачи и корреляции с другими параметрами, в частности, с баллами ЕГЭ для поступления в вузы. Ценность статьи состоит в демонстрации возможного подхода к оценке отдачи от инвестиций в высшее образование на уровне вузов и факультетов или их отделений. Будущие исследователи могут опираться на методологию и оценки, представленные в настоящей статье, для получения более точных и достоверных оценок частной отдачи от инвестиций в образование.The authors express gratitude to the Ministry of Education for public disclosure of data on the graduates’ income, available at graduate.ru, to the Ministry of Finances for disclosure of data on the income, received by all government agencies, including colleges and universities, available at bus.gov.ru, to the company Headhunter.ru for providing access on a pilot basis to the appropriately anonymous data, as well as to the National Research University “Higher School of Economics” (HSE University) for data on Unified State Examination for entry into higher education.Авторы выражают благодарность Министерству образования и науки за публичное раскрытие данных о доходах выпускников на веб-сайте graduate.ru, Министерству финансов за раскрытие данных о доходах, полученных всеми государственными учреждениями, включая колледжи и вузы, на веб-сайте bus.gov.ru, компании Headhunter.ru за предоставление доступа на экспериментальной основе к надлежащим образом обезличенным данным, а также Национальному исследовательскому университету «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) за данные ЕГЭ (единого государственного экзамена) для поступления в вузы

Курсова та кваліфікаційні роботи ОКР "бакалавр", "спеціаліст", "магістр" : методичні рекомендації до написання та оформлення

Наведено основні вимоги до написання курсових і кваліфікаційних робіт, викладені послідовні етапи їх підготовки, оформлення та процедуру захисту. Подана орієнтовна тематика курсових і випускних робіт, які виконуються студентами, що спеціалізуються на кафедрі ботаніки біологічного факультету СНУ імені Лесі Українки. Для студентів кафедри ботаніки біологічного факультету, викладачів

Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development

Introduction: Depression is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects the global population and causes severe disabilities and suicide. Depression pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and the disorder is often treatment-resistant and recurrent, necessitating the development of novel therapies, models and concepts in this field. Areas covered: Animal models are indispensable for translational biological psychiatry, and markedly advance the study of depression. Novel approaches continuously emerge that may help untangle the disorder heterogeneity and unclear categories of disease classification systems. Some of these approaches include widening the spectrum of model species used for translational research, using a broader range of test paradigms, exploring new pathogenic pathways and biomarkers, and focusing more closely on processes beyond neural cells (e.g. glial, inflammatory and metabolic deficits). Expert opinion: Dividing the core symptoms into easily translatable, evolutionarily conserved phenotypes is an effective way to reevaluate current depression modeling. Conceptually novel approaches based on the endophenotype paradigm, cross-species trait genetics and ‘domain interplay concept’, as well as using a wider spectrum of model organisms and target systems will enhance experimental modeling of depression and antidepressant drug discovery. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Factors associated with diversity, quantity and zoonotic potential of ectoparasites on urban mice and voles

Wild rodents are important hosts for tick larvae but co-infestations with other mites and insects are largely neglected. Small rodents were trapped at four study sites in Berlin, Germany, to quantify their ectoparasite diversity. Host-specific, spatial and temporal occurrence of ectoparasites was determined to assess their influence on direct and indirect zoonotic risk due to mice and voles in an urban agglomeration. Rodent-associated arthropods were diverse, including 63 species observed on six host species with an overall prevalence of 99%. The tick Ixodes ricinus was the most prevalent species, found on 56% of the rodents. The trapping location clearly affected the presence of different rodent species and, therefore, the occurrence of particular host-specific parasites. In Berlin, fewer temporary and periodic parasite species as well as non-parasitic species (fleas, chiggers and nidicolous Gamasina) were detected than reported from rural areas. In addition, abundance of parasites with low host-specificity (ticks, fleas and chiggers) apparently decreased with increasing landscape fragmentation associated with a gradient of urbanisation. In contrast, stationary ectoparasites, closely adapted to the rodent host, such as the fur mites Myobiidae and Listrophoridae, were most abundant at the two urban sites. A direct zoonotic risk of infection for people may only be posed by Nosopsyllus fasciatus fleas, which were prevalent even in the city centre. More importantly, peridomestic rodents clearly supported the life cycle of ticks in the city as hosts for their subadult stages. In addition to trapping location, season, host species, body condition and host sex, infestation with fleas, gamasid Laelapidae mites and prostigmatic Myobiidae mites were associated with significantly altered abundance of I. ricinus larvae on mice and voles. Whether this is caused by predation, grooming behaviour or interaction with the host immune system is unclear. The present study constitutes a basis to identify interactions and vector function of rodent-associated arthropods and their potential impact on zoonotic diseases

Imaging Long-Term Fate of Intramyocardially Implanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Porcine Myocardial Infarction Model

The long-term fate of stem cells after intramyocardial delivery is unknown. We used noninvasive, repetitive PET/CT imaging with [18F]FEAU to monitor the long-term (up to 5 months) spatial-temporal dynamics of MSCs retrovirally transduced with the sr39HSV1-tk gene (sr39HSV1-tk-MSC) and implanted intramyocardially in pigs with induced acute myocardial infarction. Repetitive [18F]FEAU PET/CT revealed a biphasic pattern of sr39HSV1-tk-MSC dynamics; cell proliferation peaked at 33–35 days after injection, in periinfarct regions and the major cardiac lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. The sr39HSV1-tk-MSC–associated [18F]FEAU signals gradually decreased thereafter. Cardiac lymphography studies using PG-Gd-NIRF813 contrast for MRI and near-infrared fluorescence imaging showed rapid clearance of the contrast from the site of intramyocardial injection through the subepicardial lymphatic network into the lymphatic vessels and periaortic lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical analysis of cardiac tissue obtained at 35 and 150 days demonstrated several types of sr39HSV1-tk expressing cells, including fibro-myoblasts, lymphovascular cells, and microvascular and arterial endothelium. In summary, this study demonstrated the feasibility and sensitivity of [18F]FEAU PET/CT imaging for long-term, in-vivo monitoring (up to 5 months) of the fate of intramyocardially injected sr39HSV1-tk-MSC cells. Intramyocardially transplanted MSCs appear to integrate into the lymphatic endothelium and may help improve myocardial lymphatic system function after MI

Cross-species Analyses of Intra-species Behavioral Differences in Mammals and Fish

Multiple species display robust behavioral variance among individuals due to different genetic, genomic, epigenetic, neuroplasticity and environmental factors. Behavioral individuality has been extensively studied in various animal models, including rodents and other mammals. Fish, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), have recently emerged as powerful aquatic model organisms with overt individual differences in behavioral, nociceptive and other CNS traits. Here, we evaluate individual behavioral differences in mammals and fish, emphasizing the importance of cross-species analyses of intraspecies variance in experimental models of normal and pathological CNS functions. © 2019 IBROAVK laboratory is supported by the Southwest University (Chongqing, China) Zebrafish Platform construction funds. This research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 19-15-00053 . KAD is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research ( RFBR) grant 18-34-00996 , Fellowship of the President of Russia and Special Rector’s Fellowship for SPSU PhD Students. DBR receives the CNPq research productivity grant (305051/2018-0), and his work is also supported by the PROEX/CAPES fellowhip grant 23038.004173/2019-93 (Brazil). MP receives funding from the British Academy (UK) . BDF is supported by a CAPES Foundation studentship (Brazil). FC is supported by the Father’s Foundation and the Fast Data Sharing-2036 programs. AVK is the Chair of the International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) Special 2018-2019 Task Force that coordinated this multi-laboratory collaborative project