Kvartalsvis utenriksregnskap

Økonomisk analyse er tilgjengelig via www.ssb.noFormålet med denne artikkelen er å orientere om hovedlinjene i et nytt system for innsamling og bearbeiding av data til utenriksregnskapet. Bakgrunnen er at Norges Banks valutastatistikk er lagt ned. Omleggingen fører til at utenriksregnskapet fra og med 2005 publiseres hvert kvartal, mot tidligere hver måned. Den største endringen i datainnsamlingen er at det er etablert nye kvartalsvise og årlige utvalgsundersøkelser av næringslivet. Publiseringstabellene er i hovedsak beholdt som før, men brukere bør generelt være forsiktig med å tolke endring i tallene fra 2004 til 2005. For tjenesteeksport og -import, som inngår i BNP, er det av hensyn til kvartalsvis nasjonalregnskap lagt vekt på å beskrive utvikling mest mulig riktig

On the concept of sustainability - assessing th sustainability of large public Investment projects

Assessing the sustainability of large public investment projects within the general framework of three-pillar thinking is a complex affair. Such ventures involve multiple actors – e.g. planners from various disciplines such as engineers, economists and social scientists, in addition to politicians, users and other people affected – each carrying with them particular agendas and priorities, and corresponding understandings of the concept of sustainability. In this paper, we propose to frame the concept of sustainability assessment within the context of investment projects, in order to enable communication between the multiple actors, to assess different impacts of an investment project against one another in a meaningful way and, ultimately, to enhance the commensurability of investment project alternatives. Our main idea is that there exist different levels according to which the assessment of sustainability ought to refer – operational, tactical and strategic – and that properly addressing these levels can permit the different actors to comprehend one another, and thereby allow for more clarity and positive action

On the concept of sustainability – assessing the sustainability of large public infrastructure investment projects

Assessing the sustainability of large public investment projects within the general framework of three-pillar thinking is a complex affair. Such ventures involve multiple actors – e.g. planners from various disciplines such as engineers, economists and social scientists, in addition to politicians, users and other people affected – each carrying with them particular agendas and priorities, and corresponding understandings of the concept of sustainability. In this paper, we propose to frame the concept of sustainability assessment within the context of investment projects, in order to enable communication between the multiple actors, to assess different impacts of an investment project against one another in a meaningful way and, ultimately, to enhance the commensurability of investment project alternatives. Our main idea is that there exist different levels according to which the assessment of sustainability ought to refer – operational, tactical and strategic – and that properly addressing these levels can permit the different actors to comprehend one another, and thereby allow for more clarity and positive action

On the concept of sustainability - assessing th sustainability of large public Investment projects

Assessing the sustainability of large public investment projects within the general framework of three-pillar thinking is a complex affair. Such ventures involve multiple actors – e.g. planners from various disciplines such as engineers, economists and social scientists, in addition to politicians, users and other people affected – each carrying with them particular agendas and priorities, and corresponding understandings of the concept of sustainability. In this paper, we propose to frame the concept of sustainability assessment within the context of investment projects, in order to enable communication between the multiple actors, to assess different impacts of an investment project against one another in a meaningful way and, ultimately, to enhance the commensurability of investment project alternatives. Our main idea is that there exist different levels according to which the assessment of sustainability ought to refer – operational, tactical and strategic – and that properly addressing these levels can permit the different actors to comprehend one another, and thereby allow for more clarity and positive action

Effects of traffic and fertilization levels on grass yields in northern Norway

Experiments with various traffic regimes in grassland (no traffic, light and medium tractor with two mechanisation lines; forage harvester and two-step harvesting) and three fertilization levels (N 120, 180, 240 kg ha-1) were carried out in five fields on sandy soils and peat soils in Bodø, northern Norway. Increased tractor weight caused significant decrease in yields on the peat soils with both mechanisation lines. When the peat soils were exposed to the light tractor treatments, DM yields increased significantly as the fertilization level rose from N 120 kg ha-1 to N 180 kg ha-1, but not for further increase to N 240 kg ha-1. With the medium tractor treatments, there was no significant yield increase from N 120 kg ha-1 to N 180 kg ha-1, but a further increase to N 240 kg ha-1 gave significantly higher yields. Use of lighter machines on peat soils may therefore lead to reduced fertilizer costs for farmers, and decrease the risk of leaching from the soil. On the sandy soils, yields were significantly lower at the medium tractor treatment with two-step harvest compared to no traffic. With the exception of decreased air-filled porosity at 1-5 cm depth of the peat soils no significant change in soil physical properties of the plough layer were measured. Therefore, the negative impact of traffic on plant growth was more likely due to plant injury than impaired soil conditions.vo

Effects of traffic and fertilization levels on grass yields in northern Norway

Experiments with various traffic regimes in grassland (no traffic, light and medium tractor with two mechanisation lines; forage harvester and two-step harvesting) and three fertilization levels (N 120, 180, 240 kg ha-1) were carried out in five fields on sandy soils and peat soils in Bodø, northern Norway. Increased tractor weight caused significant decrease in yields on the peat soils with both mechanisation lines. When the peat soils were exposed to the light tractor treatments, DM yields increased significantly as the fertilization level rose from N 120 kg ha-1 to N 180 kg ha-1, but not for further increase to N 240 kg ha-1. With the medium tractor treatments, there was no significant yield increase from N 120 kg ha-1 to N 180 kg ha-1, but a further increase to N 240 kg ha-1 gave significantly higher yields. Use of lighter machines on peat soils may therefore lead to reduced fertilizer costs for farmers, and decrease the risk of leaching from the soil. On the sandy soils, yields were significantly lower at the medium tractor treatment with two-step harvest compared to no traffic. With the exception of decreased air-filled porosity at 1-5 cm depth of the peat soils no significant change in soil physical properties of the plough layer were measured. Therefore, the negative impact of traffic on plant growth was more likely due to plant injury than impaired soil conditions.vo