Sequential Memory with ART: A Self-Organizing Network Capable of Learning Sequences of Patterns

A model which extends the adaptive resonance theory model to sequential memory is presented. This new model learns sequences of events and recalls a sequence when presented with parts of the sequence. A sequence can have repeated events and different sequences can share events. The ART model is modified by creating interconnected sublayers within ART's F2 layer. Nodes within F2 learn temporal patterns by forming recency gradients within LTM. Versions of the ART model like ART I, ART 2, and fuzzy ART can be used

Web Usability Before And After Resource Discovery

This session will discuss performing usability studies of library websites and Resource Discovery systems. The presentation will cover how the studies were conducted with a minimal budget and with almost no equipment. The interaction between the search widget on the library home page for the Resource Discovery system, Primo will be discussed in the frame of the “one stop shop” model. An analysis of the task completion rate for specific tasks will also be shared with the attendees. A discussion of changes to the resource discovery interface to improve usability will be highlighted. Suggestions for both conducting usability studies as well as areas for further research will be shared with the participants

Ressources linguistiques et visée référentielle chez des individus bilingues français-anglais : l’alternance codique comme stratégie d’expression sur le plan lexical

L’alternance codique est un comportement langagier incontournable partout où il y a du multilinguisme. Elle est aussi un phénomène complexe dont une description juste ne sera possible que par la mise en commun d’une diversité de traditions empiriques et épistémologiques. Cependant, elle n’est qu’exceptionnellement abordée dans une perspective où l’on tient compte de ce que le locuteur exprime sur le plan sémantique au moyen de ses alternances. Cette étude vise à combler cette lacune en mettant sur pied une méthode d’analyse des occurrences d’alternance codique qui permettra de prendre en compte les possibles intentions référentielles du locuteur, et ce, dans un cadre d’analyse qui envisage le locuteur bilingue comme un usager pleinement impliqué dans l’emploi de ses ressources linguistiques. Cette méthode sera élaborée à travers une analyse quantitative et qualitative sur corpus, à savoir des corpus de conversations semi-dirigées enregistrées auprès des locuteurs bilingues anglais-français de l’Alberta et du Maine. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats démontrent que cette méthode est fructueuse. Même avec plusieurs restrictions pratiques, il a été possible d’identifier des tendances dans l’usage d’unités faisant l’objet d’alternance codique, tendances qui peuvent être attribuées à ce que l’unité est employée pour exprimer. Notamment, les locuteurs dont les productions sont étudiées semblent produire de l’alternance codique afin de se prévaloir des unités lexicales qui structurent et gèrent l’interaction d’une manière précise, orientent l’interprétation des énoncés et jouent un rôle dans l’entretien des relations interpersonnelles et la protection des faces. De plus, il en ressort que l’alternance codique elle-même est une ressource linguistique qui peut servir à ancrer la visée référentielle. Ces résultats indiquent que non seulement on peut, mais on doit prendre en compte la dimension de l’expression sémantique dans l’étude de l’alternance codique comme une partie constitutive des habitudes de pratique, des compétences communicatives, et ultimement, des expériences vécues des locuteurs bilingues.Code-switching is an undeniable fact of language activity for multilingual individuals and communities everywhere. It is also a complex phenomenon, a complete description of which is impossible without combining a multiplicity of empirical and epistemological traditions. However, code-switching is only rarely studied from a semantic perspective, in which the meanings the speaker seeks to express through switched lexical units are taken into account as a possible reason for the switch. This study endeavours to fill a gap in the literature by establishing a method of analysis that takes such meanings into account, within a framework that considers bilingual speakers as fully-involved agents in the use of their linguistic resources. This method is elaborated through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of corpus data, specifically audio or audio-visual recordings of semi-structured interactions between French-English bilinguals in Alberta and in Maine. The results of this study indicate that the method put forward is productive. In spite of several practical restrictions on the data and the analysis, it was possible to identify trends in the usage of code-switched units that can be attributed to the meanings those units are used to express. In particular, the speakers whose productions were studied appear to code-switch in order to avail themselves of lexical units that help to structure and manage the interaction in specific ways, direct the interpretation of utterances, perform face-protecting acts, and manage interpersonal relationships. What is more, code-switching itself appears to be a linguistic resource that has semantic value. These results demonstrate that it is not only possible but necessary to include the dimension of semantic expression in the field of code-switching research, since it forms an integral part of the language practices, the communicative competences, and ultimately, the lived experiences of bilingual speakers

An Overview of the Engagement with Stakeholders to Determine Logical Subject Headings

Xerxes is an interface application, used by over 40 institutions around the world (see http://code.google.com/p/xerxes-portal/wiki/Implementations) including several UW System Libraries. For these UW System Libraries, Xerxes serves as the user interface to MetaLib and also provides sophisticated citation management functionality and integration options. It\u27s developed by libraries for libraries, and therefore designed to be completely customizable. One of the more challenges aspects of the Xerxes implementation is determining logical subject headings. The experiences of UW-Eau Claire, UW Colleges, and UW-Madison will be discussed

Multi-Sensor Arrays for Online Monitoring of Cell Dynamics in in vitro Studies with Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells

Sensors and multi-sensor arrays are the basis of new technologies for the non-label monitoring of cell activity. In this paper we show that choroid plexus cells can be cultured on silicon chips and that sensors register in real time changes in their activity, constituting an interesting experimental paradigm for cell biology and medical research. To validate the signals recorded (metabolism = peri-cellular acidification, oxygen consumption = respiration; impedance = adhesion, cell shape and motility) we performed experiments with compounds that act in a well-known way on cells, influencing these parameters. Our in vitro model demonstrates the advantages of multi-sensor arrays in assessment and experimental characterization of dynamic cellular events—in this case in choroid plexus functions, however with applicability to other cell types as well

Understanding The Correlation Of Libs And Acoustic Measurements Of Rocks And Soils Found In The Traverse Of The Perseverance Rover Across The Jezero Crater, Mars

The SuperCam instrument of the NASA MARS 2020 Perseverance rover combines a suite of atomic and molecular spectroscopies intended for an extensive description of rocks, soils and minerals in the surroundings of the landing site of the mission – the Jezero crater. The microphone installed on the SuperCam instrument allows the acquisition of acoustic signals resulting from the expansion of laser-induced plasmas towards the atmosphere. Apart from being affected by the propagation characteristics of the Mars atmosphere, the acoustic signal has an additional component related to the properties of the target including surface morphology, hardness, deformation parameters, and elasticity, among others. This information is currently being investigated as a complementary resource for characterization of the ablated material and may well supplement the LIBS data gathered from coincident laser shots. This talk will present SuperCam acoustic data of rocks and minerals found in the traverse of the Perseverance rover and will discuss its correlation with LIBS spectra.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Inflammation-dependent cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion by the choroid plexus epithelium in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this recordThere is another record in ORE for this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33419The choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) secretes higher volumes of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) than any other epithelium and simultaneously functions as the blood-CSF barrier to gate immune cell entry into the central nervous system. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), an expansion of the cerebral ventricles due to CSF accumulation following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), is a common disease usually treated by suboptimal CSF shunting techniques. PHH is classically attributed to primary impairments in CSF reabsorption, but little experimental evidence supports this concept. In contrast, the potential contribution of CSF secretion to PHH has received little attention. In a rat model of PHH, we demonstrate that IVH causes a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response in the CPE that is associated with a ∼3-fold increase in bumetanide-sensitive CSF secretion. IVH-induced hypersecretion of CSF is mediated by TLR4-dependent activation of the Ste20-type stress kinase SPAK, which binds, phosphorylates, and stimulates the NKCC1 co-transporter at the CPE apical membrane. Genetic depletion of TLR4 or SPAK normalizes hyperactive CSF secretion rates and reduces PHH symptoms, as does treatment with drugs that antagonize TLR4-NF-κB signaling or the SPAK-NKCC1 co-transporter complex. These data uncover a previously unrecognized contribution of CSF hypersecretion to the pathogenesis of PHH, demonstrate a new role for TLRs in regulation of the internal brain milieu, and identify a kinase-regulated mechanism of CSF secretion that could be targeted by repurposed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to treat hydrocephalus.We thank D.R. Alessi (Dundee) and R.P. Lifton (Rockefeller) for their support. K.T.K. is supported by the March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Award, a Simons Foundation SFARI Grant, the Hydrocephalus Association Innovator Award, and the NIH (4K12NS080223-05). J.M.S. is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (NS060801; NS061808) and the US Department of Veterans Affairs (1BX002889); R.M. is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in patients with type 1 diabetes and microvascular complications

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microvascular complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy are seen with type 1 diabetes. It is unknown whether functional changes in aqueous humor flow or intraocular pressure (IOP) develop in parallel with these complications. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that clinical markers of microvascular complications coexist with the alteration in aqueous humor flow and IOP.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten patients with type 1 diabetes and ten healthy age- and weight-matched controls were studied. Aqueous flow was measured by fluorophotometry during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (insulin 2 mU/kg/min). Intraocular pressure was measured by tonometry at -10, 90 and 240 minutes from the start of the clamp, and outflow facility was measured by tonography at 240 minutes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During conditions of identical glucose and insulin concentrations, mean aqueous flow was lower by 0.58 μl/min in the diabetes group compared to controls (2.58 ± 0.65 versus 3.16 ± 0.66 μl/min, respectively, mean ± SD, p = 0.07) but statistical significance was not reached. Before the clamp, IOP was higher in the diabetes group (22.6 ± 3.0 mm Hg) than in the control group (19.3 ± 1.8 mm Hg, p = 0.01) but at 90 minutes into the clamp, and for the remainder of the study, IOP was reduced in the diabetes group to the level of the control group. Ocular pulse amplitude and outflow facility were not different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the diabetes group, but diastolic and mean arterial pressures were not different.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that compared to healthy participants, patients with type 1 diabetes having microalbuminuria and retinopathy have higher IOPs that are normalized by hyperinsulinemia. During the clamp, a reduction in aqueous flow was not statistically significant.</p