Patterns of alcohol use among women on parental leave living in Prague

Východiska: Výzkumy poukazují na to, že pití alkoholu u žen na rodičovské dovolené představuje závažný společenský a sociální problém. Ženy na rodičovské dovolené lze považovat za skupinu ohroženou návykovým chování. Cíl a výzkumné otázky: Cílem této práce bylo zmapovat situaci užívání alkoholu u žen na rodičovské dovolené v Praze. Byly stanoveny následující výzkumné otázky: 1. Jaká je prevalence užívání alkoholu u žen na rodičovské dovolené ve vybraném vzorku? (Kolik procent dotázaných žen pije rizikově? Kolik je ohroženo závislostí?) 2. Jak se u žen na rodičovské dovolené změnilo pití alkoholu v průběhu času? (Před a po narození dítěte, během těhotenství.) 3. Vnímají ženy na rodičovské dovolené svou roli matky spíše jako protektivní faktor před abusem alkoholu, či jako rizikový faktor vedoucí k jeho užívání? 4. Jaké jsou vzorce užívání alkoholu u žen na rodičovské dovolené v Praze? Metody: Data byla získávána pomocí kvantitativního dotazníku, který byl distribuován mezi potenciální respondentky prostřednictvím internetu. Výběr vzorku proběhl pomocí metody samovýběru. Získaná data byla vyhodnocena pomocí základní deskriptivní statistiky. Výsledky: Získané výsledky poukazují na to, že se vzorce pití alkoholu u žen z výzkumného vzorku změnily v průběhu času. Prevalence užívání alkoholu byla nejvyšší...Backround: Research shows that drinking among women on parental leave is a serious social problem. Women on parental leave can be considered as a group which is vulnerable to addictive behavior. Aims: The aim of this work was to map the situation of alkohol use among women on parental leave living in Prague. There have been set four research questions: 1. What is the prevalence of alcohol use among women in the sample? 2. Do the women on parental leave change their drinking habits over time? 3. Do the women on parental leave feel that parenting is kind of protection against drinking too much alcohol or, on the contrary, they feel that it could be risk factor which can lead to drinking? 4. What are the patterns of alcohol use for women on parental leave in Prague? Methods: Data for research part of this work was obtained using a quantitative questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among respondents via the internet. The sample of respondents was conducted through method of self-selection. The results were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics in excel. Results: Results which we have obtained are showing us, that patterns of drinking alcohol among women from the research sample did change over time. Prevalence of drinking alcohol was the highest before pregnancy. During that time there...Department of Psychiatry First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in PraguePsychiatrická klinika 1. LF a VFN v Praze1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

Polymorphisms within autophagy-related genes influence the risk of developing colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of four large cohorts

The role of genetic variation in autophagy-related genes in modulating autophagy and cancer is poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively investigated the association of autophagy-related variants with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and provide new insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations. After meta-analysis of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from four independent European cohorts (8006 CRC cases and 7070 controls), two loci, DAPK2 (p = 2.19 × 10−5) and ATG5 (p = 6.28 × 10−4) were associated with the risk of CRC. Mechanistically, the DAPK2rs11631973G allele was associated with IL1 β levels after the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.002), CD24 + CD38 + CD27 + IgM + B cell levels in blood (p = 0.0038) and serum levels of en-RAGE (p = 0.0068). ATG5rs546456T allele was associated with TNF α and IL1 β levels after the stimulation of PBMCs with LPS (p = 0.0088 and p = 0.0076, respectively), CD14+CD16− cell levels in blood (p = 0.0068) and serum levels of CCL19 and cortisol (p = 0.0052 and p = 0.0074, respectively). Interestingly, no association with autophagy flux was observed. These results suggested an effect of the DAPK2 and ATG5 loci in the pathogenesis of CRC, likely through the modulation of host immune responses.This work was partially supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Spain; PI12/02688 and PI17/02256). CORSA was funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) BRIDGE grant (no. 829675, to Andrea Gsur), the “Herzfelder’sche Familienstiftung” (grant to Andrea Gsur). Czech Republic CCS was funded by GACR grants (18–09709S, 19–10543S and 20–03997S), ProgresQ28/1.LF and UNCE/MED/006 grants. This article is based upon work from COST Action CA17118, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). A.K. is a recipient of a Ramalingaswami Re-Retry Faculty Fellowship (Grant; BT/RLF/Re-entry/38/2017) from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India (GOI). V.M. received funding from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of the Catalan Government grant 2017SGR723, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by FEDER funds–a way to build Europe–grants PI14-00613, PI17-00092 and the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation grant GCTRA18022MORE. K.H. was supported by European Union Horizon 2020 grant No. 856620. We thank the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support

Effect of occupational exposure to cytostatics and nucleotide excision repair polymorphism on chromosomal aberrations frequency

Authors evaluated the incidence of total chromosomal aberrations (CA) and their types – chromatid-type (CTA) and chromosome-type (CSA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 72 oncologic unit's workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics in relationship to polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XPD, XPG and XPC. The cytogenetic analysis was used for determination of chromosomal aberrations frequency and PCR-RFLP method for polymorphisms of genes. Statistically higher frequency of total CA was detected in exposed group as compared to control (1.90±1.34% vs. 1.26±0.93%; Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.001). There was not detected any difference between CTA and CSA (0.92±1.04% vs. 0.98±1.17%). Similarly, in genes XPD exon 23 and XPC exon 15 wasn't detected any difference neither in total chromosomal aberrations nor in CTA and CSA types. Statistically significant decrease of total chromosomal aberrations and CTA-type with presence of variant allele C was detected in gene XPG exon 15. Authors pointed out the importance of individual susceptibility factors in evaluation of effects of genotoxic agents, in that event, when the concentration does not meet the occupational exposure limit

Comparison of chromosomal aberrations frequency and polymorphism of GSTs genes in workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics or anaesthetics

Authors compared the incidence of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) of workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics (group EXP1) or anaesthetics (group EXP2) in relationship to polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes. The cytogenetic analysis for chromosomal aberrations frequency and for polymorphisms of genes the PCR and PCR-RFLP method were used. Statistically higher frequency of total CAs was detected in both exposed groups: group EXP1 1.90±1.34%; Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.001; group EXP2 2.53±1.46%, p=0.0008) as compared to control (1.26±0.93%). In group EXP2 was detected statistically higher frequency of aberrations CSA-type as compared to CTA-type. In xenobiotic metabolizing genes for GST higher frequency of total CAs and constituent types chromatid-type aberrations (CTAs) and chromosome-type aberrations (CSAs) of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 with null genotype was detected. Statistically significant difference was detected only in CSA-type of aberrations in GSTT1 gene. In gene GSTP1 was not detected any difference in frequency of aberrations in presence of the variant allele. Presented results point out importance of individual susceptibility in evaluation of genotoxic agents of anaesthetics or cytostatics

Patterns of alcohol use among women on parental leave living in Prague

Backround: Research shows that drinking among women on parental leave is a serious social problem. Women on parental leave can be considered as a group which is vulnerable to addictive behavior. Aims: The aim of this work was to map the situation of alkohol use among women on parental leave living in Prague. There have been set four research questions: 1. What is the prevalence of alcohol use among women in the sample? 2. Do the women on parental leave change their drinking habits over time? 3. Do the women on parental leave feel that parenting is kind of protection against drinking too much alcohol or, on the contrary, they feel that it could be risk factor which can lead to drinking? 4. What are the patterns of alcohol use for women on parental leave in Prague? Methods: Data for research part of this work was obtained using a quantitative questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among respondents via the internet. The sample of respondents was conducted through method of self-selection. The results were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics in excel. Results: Results which we have obtained are showing us, that patterns of drinking alcohol among women from the research sample did change over time. Prevalence of drinking alcohol was the highest before pregnancy. During that time there..

Treatment of tobacco dependence: knowledge and interest among smokers in Kolín area

According to a research report made by National Institute of Health in 2012, in the Czech Republic can be over 24 % of the population classified as regular smokers who smokes more than one cigarette a day. There is no doubt that smoking ranks among current societal problems that threatens the health of about two and a half million people in the Czech Republic.For this reason, in this thesis I concerned myself with subject of treatment of tobacco dependence and I'm trying to determine the level of knowledge about treatment options among the smokers in the Kolín area and if they are interested in treatment. This thesis is divided in two parts - theoretical and practical. Goal of the theoretical part is to describe methods of diagnosis of tobacco addiction and treatment options. The first chapter of this thesis describes and explains what is nicotine, tobacco with its brief history and the concept of passive smoking. The second chapter deals with what is addiction to tobacco, describes the principle and neurobiology. The third chapter deals with the different ways to diagnose tobacco dependence and the last, the fourth chapter of the theoretical part provides information about treatment options. Practical work aimed to investigate awareness about treatment options for tobacco dependence among smokers..

An investigation of DNA damage and DNA repair in chemical carcinogenesis triggered by small-molecule xenobiotics and in cancer: Thirty years with the comet assay

In the present review we addressed the determination of DNA damage induced by small-molecule carcinogens, considered their persistence in DNA and mutagenicity in in vitro and in vivo systems over a period of 30 years. The review spans from the investigation of the role of DNA damage in the cascade of chemical carcinogenesis. In the nineties, this concept evolved into the biomonitoring studies comprising multiple biomarkers that not only reflected DNA/chromosomal damage, but also the potential of the organism for biotransformation/elimination of various xenobiotics. Since first years of the new millennium, dynamic system of DNA repair and host susceptibility factors started to appear in studies and a considerable knowledge has been accumulated on carcinogens and their role in carcinogenesis. It was understood that the final biological links bridging the arising DNA damage and cancer onset remain to be elucidated. In further years the community of scientists learnt that cancer is a multifactorial disease evolving over several decades of individual´s life. Moreover, DNA damage and DNA repair are inseparable players also in treatment of malignant diseases, but affect substantially other processes, such as degeneration. Functional monitoring of DNA repair pathways and DNA damage response may cast some light on above aspects. Very little is currently known about the relationship between telomere homeostasis and DNA damage formation and repair. DNA damage/repair in genomic and mitochondrial DNA and crosstalk between these two entities emerge as a new interesting topic