164 research outputs found
On the Finite-Time Blowup of a 1D Model for the 3D Axisymmetric Euler Equations
In connection with the recent proposal for possible singularity formation at
the boundary for solutions of 3d axi-symmetric incompressible Euler's equations
(Luo and Hou, 2013), we study models for the dynamics at the boundary and show
that they exhibit a finite-time blow-up from smooth data.Comment: A paragraph at the end of Section 2 and an appendix discussing
kinetic energy conservation are adde
Switching dynamics of surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells: effects of anchoring energy asymmetry
We study both theoretically and experimentally switching dynamics in surface
stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells with asymmetric boundary
conditions. In these cells the bounding surfaces are treated differently to
produce asymmetry in their anchoring properties. Our electro-optic measurements
of the switching voltage thresholds that are determined by the peaks of the
reversal polarization current reveal the frequency dependent shift of the
hysteresis loop. We examine the predictions of the uniform dynamical model with
the anchoring energy taken into account. It is found that the asymmetry effects
are dominated by the polar contribution to the anchoring energy. Frequency
dependence of the voltage thresholds is studied by analyzing the properties of
time-periodic solutions to the dynamical equation (cycles). For this purpose,
we apply the method that uses the parameterized half-period mappings for the
approximate model and relate the cycles to the fixed points of the composition
of two half-period mappings. The cycles are found to be unstable and can only
be formed when the driving frequency is lower than its critical value. The
polar anchoring parameter is estimated by making a comparison between the
results of modelling and the experimental data for the shift vs frequency
curve. For a double-well potential considered as a deformation of the
Rapini-Papoular potential, the branch of stable cycles emerges in the low
frequency region separated by the gap from the high frequency interval for
unstable cycles.Comment: 35 pages, 15 figure
Nonlinear Modulation of Multi-Dimensional Lattice Waves
The equations governing weakly nonlinear modulations of -dimensional
lattices are considered using a quasi-discrete multiple-scale approach. It is
found that the evolution of a short wave packet for a lattice system with cubic
and quartic interatomic potentials is governed by generalized Davey-Stewartson
(GDS) equations, which include mean motion induced by the oscillatory wave
packet through cubic interatomic interaction. The GDS equations derived here
are more general than those known in the theory of water waves because of the
anisotropy inherent in lattices. Generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations
describing the evolution of long wavelength acoustic modes in two and three
dimensional lattices are also presented. Then the modulational instability of a
-dimensional Stokes lattice wave is discussed based on the -dimensional
GDS equations obtained. Finally, the one- and two-soliton solutions of
two-dimensional GDS equations are provided by means of Hirota's bilinear
transformation method.Comment: Submitted to PR
Kinetics of photoinduced ordering in azo-dye films: two-state and diffusion models
We study the kinetics of photoinduced ordering in the azo-dye SD1
photoaligning layers and present the results of modeling performed using two
different phenomenological approaches. A phenomenological two state model is
deduced from the master equation for an ensemble of two-level molecular
systems. Using an alternative approach, we formulate the two-dimensional (2D)
diffusion model as the free energy Fokker-Planck equation simplified for the
limiting regime of purely in-plane reorientation. The models are employed to
interpret the irradiation time dependence of the absorption order parameters
extracted from the available experimental data by using the exact solution to
the light transmission problem for a biaxially anisotropic absorbing layer. The
transient photoinduced structures are found to be biaxially anisotropic whereas
the photosteady and the initial states are uniaxial.Comment: revtex4, 34 pages, 9 figure
Slow Spin Relaxation in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Antidots
We report a Monte Carlo investigation of the effect of a lattice of antidots
on spin relaxation in twodimensional electron systems. The spin relaxation time
is calculated as a function of geometrical parameters describing the antidot
lattice, namely, the antidot radius and the distance between their centers. It
is shown that spin polarization relaxation can be efficiently suppressed by the
chaotic spatial motion due to the antidot lattice. This phenomenon offers a new
approach to spin coherence manipulation in spintronics devices.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
Identification of Nedd4 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase as a Binding Partner and Regulator of MAK-V Protein Kinase
MAK-V/Hunk is a scantily characterized AMPK-like protein kinase. Recent findings identified MAK-V as a pro-survival and anti-apoptotic protein and revealed its role in embryonic development as well as in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However molecular mechanisms of MAK-V action and regulation of its activity remain largely unknown. We identified Nedd4 as an interaction partner for MAK-V protein kinase. However, this HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase is not involved in the control of MAK-V degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system that regulates MAK-V abundance in cells. However, Nedd4 in an ubiquitin ligase-independent manner rescued developmental defects in Xenopus embryos induced by MAK-V overexpression, suggesting physiological relevance of interaction between MAK-V and Nedd4. This identifies Nedd4 as the first known regulator of MAK-V function
Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to
explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC
energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing
net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was
created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the
hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities
and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a
rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and
partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like
quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in
our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of
various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter
(CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD
phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is
designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the
key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential
observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense
phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100
(sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD
matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500
MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as
it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we
review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including
activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the
worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal
Enhancement of the Electron Spin Resonance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Oxygen Removal
We have observed a nearly fourfold increase in the electron spin resonance
(ESR) signal from an ensemble of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) due to
oxygen desorption. By performing temperature-dependent ESR spectroscopy both
before and after thermal annealing, we found that the ESR in SWCNTs can be
reversibly altered via the molecular oxygen content in the samples. Independent
of the presence of adsorbed oxygen, a Curie-law (spin susceptibility ) is seen from 4 K to 300 K, indicating that the probed spins are
finite-level species. For both the pre-annealed and post-annealed sample
conditions, the ESR linewidth decreased as the temperature was increased, a
phenomenon we identify as motional narrowing. From the temperature dependence
of the linewidth, we extracted an estimate of the intertube hopping frequency;
for both sample conditions, we found this hopping frequency to be 100
GHz. Since the spin hopping frequency changes only slightly when oxygen is
desorbed, we conclude that only the spin susceptibility, not spin transport, is
affected by the presence of physisorbed molecular oxygen in SWCNT ensembles.
Surprisingly, no linewidth change is observed when the amount of oxygen in the
SWCNT sample is altered, contrary to other carbonaceous systems and certain 1D
conducting polymers. We hypothesize that physisorbed molecular oxygen acts as
an acceptor (-type), compensating the donor-like (-type) defects that are
responsible for the ESR signal in bulk SWCNTs.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
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The human body at cellular resolution: the NIH Human Biomolecular Atlas Program
Abstract: Transformative technologies are enabling the construction of three-dimensional maps of tissues with unprecedented spatial and molecular resolution. Over the next seven years, the NIH Common Fund Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) intends to develop a widely accessible framework for comprehensively mapping the human body at single-cell resolution by supporting technology development, data acquisition, and detailed spatial mapping. HuBMAP will integrate its efforts with other funding agencies, programs, consortia, and the biomedical research community at large towards the shared vision of a comprehensive, accessible three-dimensional molecular and cellular atlas of the human body, in health and under various disease conditions
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