An analytical and experimental study of shipping water evolution and related vertical loading

Coastal, naval and offshore structures are exposed to the problem of shipping of water on their decks. Analytical approaches are useful for the shipping water research because of their practical implementation and low computational cost compared with numerical approaches. However, classical analytical methods tend to overestimate the shipping water amplitudes and derived vertical loading, disregarding the real tendency of the phenomenon. The present thesis aims to investigate the shipping water problem by alternative analytical and experimental methods that allow a better understanding of its evolution and generated vertical loading. The shipping water problem was modelled by the advection-diffusion equation. A convolution model, solution of this equation, was proposed to estimate shipping water evolution and derived vertical loads on deck of a rectangular fixed structure, considering frictional effects of the bottom in a practical way. An alternative experimental investigation was performed to validate the analytical approach. It consisted in generating isolated shipping water events in a systematic way using the wet dambreak approach. Obtained analytical results for water elevations and vertical loads presented good agreement with experiments, approximating the trends and maximum values of experimental time series, improving the results obtained with the traditional dam-break method.Estruturas costeiras, navais e offshore estão expostas ao problema de embarque de água no convés. Métodos analíticos ajudam na pesquisa do embarque de água devido à praticidade na implementação e ao baixo custo computacional comparados com métodos numéricos. Entretanto, métodos analíticos clássicos tendem a superestimar as amplitudes da água embarcada e as cargas verticais derivadas, não considerando a tendência real do fenômeno. A presente tese visa investigar o problema de embarque de água por métodos analíticos e experimentais alternativos que permitam um melhor entendimento da sua evolução e do carregamento vertical gerado. O problema de embarque de água foi modelado pela equação de advecção-difusão. Um modelo de convolução, solução dessa equação, foi proposto para estimar a evolução da água embarcada e as cargas verticais derivadas no convés de uma estrutura fixa retangular, considerando efeitos de atrito do fundo de uma maneira prática. Uma pesquisa experimental alternativa foi realizada para validar o método analítico. Esta consiste na geração de eventos de embarque de água isolados de uma maneira sistemática usando o método de wet dam-break. Os resultados analíticos obtidos para as elevações de água e as cargas verticais apresentaram boa concordância com os experimentos, aproximando as tendências e os valores máximos das séries temporais experimentais, melhorando os resultados obtidos com o método tradicional de dam-break

The HIHI- and H2H_{2}-to-stellar mass correlations of late- and early-type galaxies and their consistency with the observational mass functions

We compile and carrefully homogenize local galaxy samples with available information on stellar, $\rm HI$ and/or $\rm H_{2}$ masses, and morphology. After processing the information on upper limits in the case of non gas detections, we determine the $\rm HI$- and $\rm H_{2}$-to-stellar mass relations and their $1\sigma$ scatter for both late- and early-type galaxies. The obtained relations are fitted to single or double power laws. Late-type galaxies are significantly gas richer than early-type ones, specially at high masses. The respective $\rm H_{2}$-to-$\rm HI$ mass ratios as a function of $M_{\ast}$ are discussed. Further, we constrain the full mass-dependent distribution functions of the $\rm HI$- and $\rm H_{2}$-to-stellar mass ratios. We find that they can be described by a Schechter function for late types and a (broken) Schechter + uniform function for early types. By using the observed galaxy stellar mass function and the volume-complete late-to-early-type galaxy ratio as a function of $M_{\ast}$, these empirical distribution functions are mapped into $\rm HI$ and $\rm H_{2}$ mass functions. The obtained mass functions are consistent with those inferred from large surveys. The empirical gas-to-stellar mass relations and their distributions for local late- and early-type galaxies presented here can be used to constrain models and simulations of galaxy evolution.Comment: 43 pages, 18 figures, to appear in RMxAA. Minor corrections introduced. The presented results are optimal for comparisons with theoretical predictions. Py-code to generate the HI- and H2-to-stellar mass relations and their 1sigma scatter, as well as the full mass-dependent distribution functions of the MHI/Ms and MH2/Ms ratios are available upon request to A.R. Calett

Material didáctico para (pre) candidaturas y autoridades municipales: Concejo Municipal, Concejo Municipal de Distrito, Alcaldía e Intendencia Municipal

El objetivo de esta guía es promover la consideración de criterios técnicos, jurídicos y procedimentales vinculados a la sostenibilidad ambiental en los en los programas de gobierno de las (pre)candidaturas y autoridades municipales

Material didáctico para (pre) candidaturas y autoridades municipales: Concejo Municipal, Concejo Municipal de Distrito, Alcaldía e Intendencia Municipal

El objetivo de esta guía es promover la consideración de criterios técnicos, jurídicos y procedimentales vinculados a la sostenibilidad ambiental en los en los programas de gobierno de las (pre)candidaturas y autoridades municipales

SUSTAINABILITY AS A STRATEGY OF RESPONSIBLE AND COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT

The aim of this paper is to analyze a competitiveness strategy based on sustainability to lead the way to a model ofresponsible and competitive development. The analysis takes as its starting point the assumption that the maturity of asustainable business strategy positively affects competitiveness. The used method is the critical analysis. Amongother results of this analysis concludes that the current business strategy seeks a system ecologically appropriate,economically viable and socially fair to reach sustainable equilibrium. This strategy based on sustainability must bepromoted by the institutions and strengthened by the capabilities and resources that each company counts on todevelop advantages to foster the overall development and achieve the maximization of benefits from the tangible andintangible perspectives

Análisis lineal equivalente de la respuesta sísmica de sitio en los recintos^aRubén Darío-Managua, FAREM-Chontales y FAREM-Carazo, de la UNAN-Managua

En la presente investigación se realizó la evaluación de la respuesta sísmica de sitio, a partir del procesamiento de registros SPT obtenidos por medio de la prueba de penetración estándar y la estimación de modelos Vs, en los diferentes sitios de estudio como son: los recintos de la UNAN-Managua: RURD, FAREM-Carazo y FAREM-Chontales. Se evaluó la similitud entre el modelo Vs del CIGEO obtenido a partir de correlaciones empíricas respecto a modelo existente obtenido con métodos geofísicos usado en estudio de respuesta sísmica de sitio. Cabe mencionar que se Clasificaron los sitios de estudio según el RNC-07, FEMA 450 y USGS, en función del parámetro Vs 30, propiedad dinámica de suma importancia para la clasificación de suelos debido a que estos códigos internacionales lo exigen Con el fin de ampliar la profundidad de exploración, y en este caso conocer el tipo de suelo existente a una profundidad viable para la cimentación de las estructuras.En este trabajo la respuesta sísmica de sitio, se llevó a cabo por medio del análisis lineal equivalente, desarrollado en el Software DEEPSOIL V5.0; De esta manera se obtuvieron los espectros elásticos de respuesta en los sitios de estudio. También, se generaron espectros de respuesta suavizados, para conocer las características de los sitio y se compararon con el espectro de diseño del Reglamento Nacional de la Construcción (RNC-07)

Sustainability as a model of responsible development and competitive

[Resumo] O obxectivo do presente artigo é analizar mediante o método analítico a estratexia da competitividade en función da estratexia da sustentabilidad para dar a pauta a un modelo de desenvolvemento responsable e competitivo. Tendo como punto de partida a seguinte afirmación: A madurez dunha estratexia sustentable nas empresas afecta positivamente á competitividade. Entre os resultados do presente establécese que a estratexia empresarial actual busca un sistema ecoloxicamente adecuado, economicamente viable e socialmente xusto para chegar ao equilibrio sustentable, impulsado polas institucións e fortalecido das capacidades e recursos cos que conta cada empresa para desenvolver vantaxes que impulsen o desenvolvemento global e logren a maximización de beneficios desde unha prespectiva tanxible e intanxible.[Abstract] The aim of this paper is analyzed by the analytical method competitiveness strategy based on sustainability strategy to lead the way to a model of responsible development and competitive. Taking as its starting point the following statement: The maturity of a sustainable business strategy positively affects competitiveness. The results of this states that the current business strategy seeks an ecologically appropriate, economically viable and socially just to reach sustainable equilibrium promoted by the institutions and strengthened the capabilities and resources that each company has to develop benefits promote the overall development and achieve the maximization of benefits from a perspective tangible and intangible.