Crown lengthening surgery and transurgical restoration

The crown lengthening surgery and the transurgical restoration are alternative procedures to enable the restoration of teeth inaccessible to the conventional techniques and restore the lost biological space. Objective: This study aimed to present clinically the reconstruction of a right maxillary second molar through crown lengthening surgery associated with transurgical restoration with composite resin in a patient treated in the Integrated Clinics of the University of Ribeirão Preto. Case report: Patient E.H.C.V., female, aged 51 years, attended the dental clinic of the University of Ribeirão Preto. The anamnesis showed a favorable health history and the clinical examination showed great tooth crown destruction of tooth #17. The treatment planning included the crown lengthening periodontal surgery with regularization of alveolar bone on the buccal surface of tooth #17, rubber dam isolation, the restauration of the compromised area with composite resin, and suture in the same session. After 7 days, the sutures were removed and the restoration polished. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of this technique is a viable, fast, and satisfactory solution, with good results, favoring the health and aesthetics, returning function and better social life to the patient

Non-contact profilometry of eroded and abraded enamel irradiated with an Er:YAG laser

Literature has reported positive results regarding the use of lasers in the control of erosive lesions; however, evaluating whether they are effective in the control of the progression of erosive/abrasive lesions is important. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser irradiation in controlling the progression of erosion associated with abrasive lesions in enamel. Material and methods: Bovine incisors were sectioned, flattened and polished. Forty-eight enamel slabs were subjected to treatment in an intraoral phase. Twelve volunteers used an intraoral appliance containing one slab that was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (5.2 J/cm2, 85 mJ, 2 Hz) and another non-irradiated slab on each side of the appliance, during one phase of 5 d, under a split-mouth design. Devices were subjected to erosive challenges (1% citric acid, 5 min, 3 times a day) and abrasive challenges one h after (brushing force of 1.5 N for 15 s) randomly and independently on each side of the device. Measurements of enamel loss were performed via 3D optical profilometry (μm). We analyzed data using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and morphological characteristics via scanning electron microscopy. Results: Following erosive and abrasive challenges, the group that was irradiated with the Er:YAG laser presented less loss of structure than the non-irradiated group. The group that underwent erosion and irradiation did not exhibit a significant difference from the non-irradiated group. Conclusion: Irradiation with the Er:YAG laser did not control the loss of structure of enamel subjected to erosion but did control abrasion after erosion

Enamel demineralization around dental restoration. Effect of Er:YAG laser parameters employed to cavity preparation

O presente estudo, composto por dois experimentos, teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro o efeito de parâmetros do laser de Er:YAG na desmineralização do esmalte dental humano e bovino após desafio cariogênico e avaliar, através de um modelo in situ, o efeito de diferentes parâmetros do laser de Er:YAG no desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie adjacente a restaurações. No estudo in vitro, terceiros molares inclusos humanos hígidos e incisivos bovinos foram seccionados para a seleção de 50 fragmentos de cada um dos substratos, que foram aleatoriamente divididos em 10 grupos, sendo 9 experimentais preparados com laser de Er:YAG com 300mJ de energia (frequência de 2Hz, 4Hz ou 6Hz, fluxo de água de 2,0mL/min, 5,0mL/min ou 8,0mL/min) e 1 controle (turbina de alta rotação). Após o preparo das cavidades, os espécimes foram restaurados com resina composta e submetidos ao desafio cariogênico. Subseqüentemente, foram seccionados para a análise da microdureza e realização de microscopia de luz polarizada qualitativa. No estudo in situ, 150 fragmentos de esmalte bovino foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre 15 voluntários. Tais fragmentos foram subdivididos em 10 grupos conforme descrito para o estudo in vitro. Os 9 grupos experimentais foram preparados com laser de Er:YAG empregando-se diferentes combinações de parâmetros, conforme descrito pra o estudo in vitro. O grupo controle foi preparado com turbina de alta-rotação e ponta diamantada. A cavidade obtida foi restaurada com resina composta e os fragmentos foram montados em dispositivo palatino para serem instalados nos voluntários participantes para a realização do desafio cariogênico. Após o desafio, os espécimes foram seccionados para a realização das leituras de microdureza longitudinal e microscopia de luz polarizada qualitativa. Os dados obtidos no ensaio de microdureza foram analisados estatisticamente. Para o estudo in vitro foi realizada a Análise de variância e o teste de Tukey e observou-se que, independentemente do substrato testado, os espécimes preparados com turbina de alta rotação apresentaram menores médias de microdureza que os preparados com laser de Er:YAG para todos os parâmetros testados, os quais foram semelhantes entre si (p>0,05). As imagens de microscopia de luz polarizada demonstraram uma tendência dos grupos irradiados com laser de Er:YAG com uma freqüência de 2Hz apresentarem menor desmineralização. Para o estudo in situ foi realizado teste de Friedman que demonstrou haver diferença estatística entre os métodos de preparo cavitário empregados com relação as medidas de microdureza. Para identificar as diferenças entre os grupos foi realizado o teste de Wilcoxon pareado e observou-se que o grupo preparado com laser de Er:YAG com 2Hz de freqüência e 2mL/min de fluxo de água apresentou a maiores médias de microdureza, seguido por aqueles preparados com laser de Er:YAG com 2Hz de freqüência e 5mL/min de fluxo de água e laser de Er:YAG com 2Hz de freqüência e 8mL/min de fluxo de água, respectivamente. Os grupos preparados com laser de Er:YAG com as freqüências de 4Hz e 6Hz, com fluxos de água de 2, 5 e 8mL/min apresentaram médias de microdureza menores que os grupos supracitados e com similaridade estatística entre si. Todos os grupos preparados com laser de Er:YAG demonstraram médias de microdureza superiores àquele preparado com turbina de alta-rotação, o qual apresentou as menores médias de microdureza. As imagens de microscopia de luz polarizada confirmaram os resultados obtidos com o ensaio de microdureza. Assim, pode-se concluir que o substrato bovino constitui uma alternativa ao substrato humano em estudos que avaliem o laser de Er:YAG e a progressão de lesões de cárie, que o laser de Er:YAG foi capaz de controlar o desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie adjacente a restaurações de resina composta e que o conjunto de parâmetros empregados para o preparo cavitário pode influenciar na resistência ácida do substrato irradiado.The current study, composed by two experiments, sought to evaluate in vitro the effect of Er:YAG laser parameters on human and bovine enamel demineralization after cariogenic challenges and to check, through an in situ model, the effect of different Er:YAG laser parameters on development of caries-like lesions adjacent to dental restorations. In the in vitro study, sound human third molars and bovine incisors were cut to select 50 specimens of each substrate, which were randomly allocated into 10 groups: 9 experimental groups prepared with Er:YAG laser with 300mJ output (frequency of 2Hz, 4Hz or 6Hz, water flow rate of 2.0mL/min, 5.0mL/min or 8.0mL/min) and 1 control group (High speed handpiece). After cavity preparation, the specimens were restored with composite resin and submitted to the cariogenic challenge. Afterwards, they were sectioned to obtain the microhardness measurements and images of light polarized microscopy. In the in situ study, 150 bovine enamel slabs were randomly allocated among 15 volunteers. These specimens were subdivided into 10 groups, as described above to the in vitro study. 9 experimental groups were prepared with Er:YAG laser under different parameters combination. The control group was prepared with high speed handpiece associated to a diamond bur. The prepared cavity was restored with a composite resin and the slabs were mounted on palatal appliance to be installed in the volunteers to the realization of the cariogenic challenge. After this, the specimens were sectioned to the longitudinal microhardness measurements and to the qualitative light polarized microscopy. The data obtained by means of microhardness test were statistically analyzed. For the in vitro study was performed Analisys of Variance and Tukeys test, which demonstrated that, regardless the tested substrate, the specimens prepared with high speed handpiece showed lower microhardness means than those prepared with the Er:YAG laser for all tested parameters, which were statistically similar (p>0,05). The light polarized microscopy images demonstrated that the groups irradiated with Er:YAG laser with 2Hz frequency showed a tendency to be less susceptible to the demineralization. For the in situ study was performed the Friedman test, which demonstrated that there are statistical difference among the cavity preparation methods according to the microhardness measurements. To indentify the differences among groups it was performed the Wilcoxon paread test and it was observed that the group prepared with Er:YAG laser with 2Hz of frequency and 2.0mL/min of water flow rate showed the highest microhardness means, followed by that prepared with Er:YAG laser with 2Hz of frequency and 5.0mL/min of water flow rate and Er:YAG laser with 2Hz of frequency and 8.0mL/min of water flow rate, respectively. The groups prepared with Er:YAG laser with 4Hz and 6Hz of frequency, with water flow rates of 2.0, 5.0 and 8.0mL/min showed microhardness means lower than that the groups cited above and statistical similarity among them. All groups prepared with Er:YAG laser demonstrated microhardness means higher than that prepared with high speed handpiece, what showed the lowest microhardness means. The light polarized microscopy images confirmed the results obtained with the microhardness test. Thus, it may be concluded that the bovine substrate constitutes an alternative to the human substrate in studies that evaluates the Er:YAG laser and caries-like lesions progression, that the Er:YAG laser was capable to control the development of caries-like lesions around composite resin restorations and that the parameters employed to the cavity preparation could influence on acid resistance of the irradiated substrate

Effect of Two Restorative Materials on Root Dentine Erosion

This study sought to evaluate the microhardness of root dentine adjacent to glass-ionomer and composite resin restorations after erosive challenge. A crossover study was performed in two phases of 4 consecutive days each. One hundred twelve bovine root dentine slabs were obtained, and standardized box-shaped cavities were prepared at center of each specimen. The prepared cavities were randomly restored with glass-ionomer cement or composite resin. The slabs were randomly assigned among 14 volunteers, which wore intraoral palatal device containing four restored root dentin slabs. Starting on the second day, half of the palatal acrylic devices were immersed extraorally in a lemonade-like carbonated soft drink for 90 s, four times daily for 3 days. Alter 3-day wash-out, dentine slabs restored with the alternative material were placed into palatal appliance and the volunteers started the second phase of this study. After erosive challenges. microhardness measurements were performed. Regardless of the restorative material employed, eroded specimens demonstrated lower microhardness value (p < 0.0001). At eroded condition examined in this study, dentine restored with glass-ionomer cement showed higher microhardness values (p < 0.0001). It may be concluded that the glass-ionomer cement decreases the progression of root dentine erosion at restoration margin. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 93B 304-305, 2010CAPESFAPESP[2005/0I680-9]FAPESP[04/07613-9

Effects of water flow on ablation rate and morphological changes in human enamel and dentin after Er:YAG laser irradiation

Purpose: To investigate the laboratory effect of Er:YAG laser on ablation rate and morphological changes in human enamel and dentin with varying water flow. Methods: 23 human third molars were sectioned in mesio-distal and buccal-lingual directions. The slabs were flattened and weighted on an analytical laboratory balance (control). A 4-mm(2) area was demarcated and the samples were randomly assigned into three groups according to water flow employed during the laser irradiation (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL/minute). An Er:YAG laser was used to ablate enamel (80.22-J/cm(2), 300 mJ/4Hz) and dentin (96.26-J/cm(2), 250 mJ/4Hz). After irradiation, the samples were immersed in distilled water for 1 hour and then weighted again. The final mass was obtained and laser-irradiated substrate mass loss was calculated by the difference between the initial and final mass. Afterwards, specimens were prepared for SEM. Results: Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (P&lt; 0.05). It was observed that the 2.0 mL/minute resulted in a higher mass loss, 1.0 mL/minute showed a lower mass loss, and 1.5 mL/minute demonstrated intermediate results (P&lt; 0.05). The increase of water flow promoted less melting areas and cracks. Furthermore, dentin was more ablated than enamel. It may be concluded that the water flow of Er:YAG laser and the substrates affected the ablation rate. Among the tested parameters, 2.0 mL/minute improved the ability of ablation in enamel and dentin, with less morphologic surface alteration. (Am J Dent 20 12;25:332-336).Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior

Influence of NaHCO(3) Powder on Translucency of Microfilled Composite Resin Immersed in Different Mouthrinses

The regular use of mouthrinses, particularly when combined with the use of air-powder polishing, could affect the appearance of tooth-colored restorations. The current study sought to evaluate the effect of NaHCO(3) powder on translucency of a microfilled composite resin immersed in different mouthrinses, at distinct evaluation periods. Eighty disk-shaped specimens of composite resin (Durafill VS, Heraeus Kulzer GmbH & Co. KG, Hanau, Germany) were prepared. The composite specimens were then randomly allocated into two groups according to the surface treatment: exposure to NaHCO(3) powder (10 seconds) or nonexposure, and they were randomly assigned into four subgroups, according to the mouthrinses employed (N = 10): Periogard (Colgate/Palmolive, Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil), Cepacol (Aventis Pharma, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil), Plax (Colgate/Palmolive), and distilled water (control group). The samples were immersed for 2 minutes daily, 5 days per week, over a 4-month test period. Translucency was measured with a transmission densitometer at seven evaluation periods. Statistical analyses (analysis of variance and Tukey`s test) revealed that: distilled water presented higher translucency values (86.72%); Periogard demonstrated the lowest translucency values (72.70%); and Plax (74.05%) and Cepacol (73.32%) showed intermediate translucency values, which were statistically similar between them (p > 0.01). NaHCO(3) air-powder polishing increased the changes in translucency associated with the mouthrinses. Air-powder polishing alone had no effect on material translucency. Translucency percent was gradually decreased from 1 week of immersion up to 4 months. It may be concluded that the NaHCO(3) powder and the tested mouthrinses have affected the translucency of microfilled composite resin, according to the tested time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE During the last decade, the demand for composite resin restorations has grown considerably, however, controversy persists regarding the effect of surface roughness on color stability.Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)[03/07210-9