Models of Self in Families of People with Spina Bifida

Os modelos de self revelam a visão cultural acerca das competências que as crianças devem adquirir e tendem a ser compartilhados pelas pessoas que integram o mesmo ambiente. Neste sentido, este estudo objetiva avaliar os modelos de self em famílias de pessoas com espinha bífida. Dezessete cuidadores responderam um questionário virtual contendo questões sociodemográficas e três Escalas de Self: Autônomo, Relacionado e Autônomo Relacionado. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva, com técnicas de análises multivariadas. Os principais resultados indicam que o modelo de self mais valorizado foi o autônomo relacional que se reflete no desejo que os filhos e filhas desenvolvam a autonomia e, também, relacionamentos interpessoais. Tal modelo, porém, distingue-se dos grupos familiares de pessoas com desenvolvimento típico que residem no mesmo ambiente cultural, o que evidencia a necessidade das famílias de pessoas com espinha bífida receberem apoio para alcançarem seus alvos desenvolvimentais.Los modelos de self revelan la visión cultural de las habilidades que los niños deben adquirir y suelen ser compartidos por personas que pertenecen a un mismo entorno. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los modelos de self en familias de personas con espina bífida. Diecisiete cuidadores contestaron un cuestionario virtual que contiene preguntas demográficas y tres Escalas de Self: Autónomo, Relacional y Autónomo-relacional. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, con las técnicas del análisis multivariado. Los principales resultados indican que el modelo de self más valorado es el autónomo relacional, que se refleja en el deseo de que los hijos e hijas puedan desarrollar la autonomía y también las relaciones interpersonales. Este hallazgo es distinto de los grupos familiares de personas con desarrollo típico del mismo entorno cultural. Por eso, las familias de personas con espina bífida deben recibir apoyo para lograr sus objetivos de desarrollo.Models of self reveal cultural views regarding the competences that children should acquire, and these views tend to be shared by people within the same environment. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the models of self in families of people with spina bifida. Seventeen caregivers answered an online questionnaire containing socio-demographic questions and three scales of self: autonomous, related and autonomous-related. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and techniques of multivariate analysis. The main results indicate that the most valued model of self was the autonomous-related model, reflecting the desire that children develop autonomy as well as interpersonal relationships. Such a model, however, is distinct from that of family groups of people with typical development living in the same cultural environment, indicating the need for families of people with spina bifida to receive support to reach their developmental goals

INFERTILIDADE MASCULINA E ESTILO DE VIDA: PROBLEMÁTICA EM TEMPOS MODERNOS

Male infertility is a growing problem that affects many couples. Lifestyles are modifiable factors that can be at the basis of this problem, such as: obesity, diet, alcoholism and smoking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lifestyle components and male infertility. Lifestyle factors are among the main causes of production of reactive oxygen species. Large amounts of these species can increase the possibility of infertility not only by directly originating oxidative stress, but also indirectly by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicle axis. Given the prevalence and impact of this problem, it is important to understand its reversible and avoidable causes in order to enhance better fertility.La infertilidad masculina es un problema creciente que afecta a muchas parejas. Los estilos de vida son factores modificables que pueden estar en la base de este problema, tales como: obesidad, dieta, alcoholismo y tabaquismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los componentes del estilo de vida y la infertilidad masculina. Los factores del estilo de vida se encuentran entre las principales causas de producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno. Grandes cantidades de estas especies pueden aumentar la posibilidad de infertilidad no solo al originar directamente el estrés oxidativo, sino también indirectamente al interferir con el eje hipotalámico-pituitario-testicular. Dada la prevalencia y el impacto de este problema, es importante comprender sus causas reversibles y evitables para mejorar la fertilidad.A infertilidade masculina é um problema crescente que afeta muitos casais. Os estilos de vida são fatores modificáveis que podem estar na base desse problema, tais como: obesidade, dieta, alcoolismo e tabagismo. Com esse trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a relação existente entre os componentes do estilo de vida e a infertilidade masculina. Os fatores dos hábitos de vida estão entre as principais causas de produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Grandes quantidades dessas espécies podem aumentar a possibilidade de infertilidade não só por originarem diretamente estresse oxidativo, mas também indiretamente ao interferir no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-testículo. Diante da prevalência e do impacto deste problema, é importante perceber quais as suas causas reversíveis e evitáveis de modo a potencializar uma melhor fertilidade.A infertilidade masculina é um problema crescente que afeta muitos casais. Os estilos de vida são fatores modificáveis que podem estar na base desse problema, tais como: obesidade, dieta, alcoolismo e tabagismo. Com esse trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a relação existente entre os componentes do estilo de vida e a infertilidade masculina. Os fatores dos hábitos de vida estão entre as principais causas de produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Grandes quantidades dessas espécies podem aumentar a possibilidade de infertilidade não só por originarem diretamente estresse oxidativo, mas também indiretamente ao interferir no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-testículo. Diante da prevalência e do impacto deste problema, é importante perceber quais as suas causas reversíveis e evitáveis de modo a potencializar uma melhor fertilidade

Oral microbe-host interactions: influence of β-glucans on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metabolome profile

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-glucan on the expression of inflammatory mediators and metabolomic profile of oral cells [keratinocytes (OBA-9) and fibroblasts (HGF-1) in a dual-chamber model] infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The periodontopathogen was applied and allowed to cross the top layer of cells (OBA-9) to reach the bottom layer of cells (HGF-1) and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. β-glucan (10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL) were added, and the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers and supernatant. Results: The relative expression of interleukin (IL)-1-α and IL-18 genes in HGF-1 decreased with 10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL of β-glucan, where as the expression of PTGS-2 decreased only with 10 μg/mL. The expression of IL-1-α increased with 20 μg/mL and that of IL-18 increased with 10 μg/mL in OBA-9; the expression of BCL 2, EP 300, and PTGS-2 decreased with the higher dose of β-glucan. The production of the metabolite 4-aminobutyric acid presented lower concentrations under 20 μg/mL, whereas the concentrations of 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST and oxalic acid decreased at both concentrations used. Acetophenone, benzoic acid, and pinitol presented reduced concentrations only when treated with 10 μg/mL of β-glucan. Conclusions: Treatment with β-glucans positively modulated the immune response and production of metabolites

Cloridrato de ractopamina em dietas para suínos em terminação - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i1.9281

The present work was carried out to evaluate different inclusion levels of ractopamine in diets for finishing pigs. Fifty animals with initial weight of 74.08 (1.42) kg selected for high meat deposition were used, randomly allotted in five blocks. Each experimental unit had two animals, barrow and gilt, fed diets with ractopamine (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm) for 28 days. Growth performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Ractopamine improved final weight, average daily gain, feed:gain ratio, backfat thickness, loin depth, loin eye area and lean tissue yield, but did not influence feed intake, cut yields and belly quality. No differences were found among the doses of ractopamine utilized. The optimum level of supplementation of this additive, as estimated by the Linear Response Plateau regression model, was between 4.09 and 5.14 ppm. There was an average increase of 6.09% in the bonus index when ractopamine was used. It was concluded that ractopamine is efficient in increasing the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs.O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de ractopamina em diferentes níveis de inclusão na dieta para suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 50 suínos híbridos comerciais com peso inicial de 74,08 (1,42) kg, aleatoriamente distribuídos em cinco blocos casualizados. Havia dois animais em cada parcela experimental, macho e fêmea, alimentados com dieta suplementada com ractopamina (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 ppm) durante 28 dias. Foram avaliados desempenho e características de carcaça dos animais. A ractopamina melhorou o desempenho, espessura de toucinho, profundidade, área de olho de lombo e rendimento de carne na carcaça, porém sem influenciar no consumo de ração, rendimento de cortes e qualidade da barriga. Exceto a dose de 0 ppm, não houve diferença entre as doses de ractopamina utilizadas. O modelo de regressão Linear Response Plateau, aplicado nas variáveis onde houve significância, estimou o ponto ótimo de suplementação deste aditivo entre 4,09 a 5,14 ppm. Houve aumento de 6,09% no índice de bonificação quando foi utilizado o nível de 5 ppm de ractopamina. Conclui-se que a ractopamina é eficaz em melhorar o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos em terminação

Oral microbe-host interactions: influence of ß-glucans on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metabolome profile

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ß-glucan on the expression of inflammatory mediators and metabolomic profile of oral cells [keratinocytes (OBA-9) and fibroblasts (HGF-1) in a dual-chamber model] infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The periodontopathogen was applied and allowed to cross the top layer of cells (OBA-9) to reach the bottom layer of cells (HGF-1) and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. ß-glucan (10 µg/mL or 20 µg/mL) were added, and the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers and supernatant.\r\nResults: The relative expression of interleukin (IL)-1-a and IL-18 genes in HGF-1 decreased with 10 µg/mL or 20 µg/mL of ß-glucan, where as the expression of PTGS-2 decreased only with 10 µg/mL. The expression of IL-1-a increased with 20 µg/mL and that of IL-18 increased with 10 µg/mL in OBA-9\; the expression of BCL 2, EP 300, and PTGS-2 decreased with the higher dose of ß-glucan. The production of the metabolite 4-aminobutyric acid presented lower concentrations under 20 µg/mL, whereas the concentrations of 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST and oxalic acid decreased at both concentrations used. Acetophenone, benzoic acid, and pinitol presented reduced concentrations only when treated with 10 µg/mL of ß-glucan.\r\nConclusions: Treatment with ß-glucans positively modulated the immune response and production of metabolites

Oral microbe-host interactions: influence of β-glucans on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metabolome profile

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-glucan on the expression of inflammatory mediators and metabolomic profile of oral cells [keratinocytes (OBA-9) and fibroblasts (HGF-1) in a dual-chamber model] infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The periodontopathogen was applied and allowed to cross the top layer of cells (OBA-9) to reach the bottom layer of cells (HGF-1) and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. β-glucan (10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL) were added, and the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers and supernatant.Results: The relative expression of interleukin (IL)-1-a and IL-18 genes in HGF-1 decreased with 10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL of β-glucan, where as the expression of PTGS-2 decreased only with 10 μg/mL. The expression of IL-1-a increased with 20 μg/mL and that of IL-18 increased with 10 μg/mL in OBA-9; the expression of BCL 2, EP 300, and PTGS-2 decreased with the higher dose of β-glucan. The production of the metabolite 4-aminobutyric acid presented lower concentrations under 20 μg/mL, whereas the concentrations of 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST and oxalic acid decreased at both concentrations used. Acetophenone, benzoic acid, and pinitol presented reduced concentrations only when treated with 10 μg/mL of β-glucan.Conclusions: Treatment with β-glucans positively modulated the immune response and production of metabolites

Physical Exercise Improves Glycemic and Inflammatory Profile and Attenuates Progression of Periodontitis in Diabetic Rats (HFD/STZ)

The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the metabolism and progression of periodontal disease (PD), induced by ligature in diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced by four weeks of a hyperlipidic diet associated with a single low-dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg/animal). The exercise groups swam for 60 min/day for eight weeks (five times/week). In the last two weeks of exercise, a ligature was placed around the right and left mandibular first molars. The authors determined alveolar bone loss by morphometry. Blood biochemical profile and serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were evaluated by colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. The diabetic animals subjected to exercise showed decreased alveolar bone loss, lower glycemia, triacylglycerols and glycosylated hemoglobin levels than the controls. Total cholesterol and its fractions (High density lipoprotein—HDL-c, Low density lipoprotein—LDL-c and Very low density lipoprotein—VLDL-c) remained similar among the groups. Animals with PD showed higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of IL-10, when compared to animals without PD. In diabetic animals with PD, physical exercise decreased TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels as well as the IL10/TNF-α ratio. In conclusion, eight weeks of physical exercise improved glycemic control and systemic inflammatory profile, and attenuated alveolar bone loss in rats with DM and PD

Effects of Monolaurin on Oral Microbe-Host Transcriptome and Metabolome

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of monolaurin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and determine their effects on the host transcriptome and metabolome, using an oral cell/bacteria co-culture dual-chamber model to mimic the human periodontium. For this, the Aa, was applied to cross the monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) to reach the fibroblasts layer (HGF-1) in the basal chamber. The Monolaurin treatments (25 or 50 μM) were added immediately after the inoculation of the dual-chamber with Aa. After 24 h, the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers (insert and basal chamber) and in supernatant released from the cells. The genes IL-1a, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF analyzed in HGF-1 concentrations showed a decreased expression when treated with both concentration of Monolaurin. In keratinocytes, the genes IL-6, IL-18, and TNF presented a higher expression and the expression of IL-1a decreased when treated with the two cited concentrations. The production of glycerol and pyruvic acid increased, and the 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST, 4-aminobutyric acid, pinitol and glyceric acid, presented lower concentrations because of the treatment with 25 and/or 50 μM of Monolaurin. Use of monolaurin modulated the immune response and metabolite production when administered for 24 h in a dual-chamber model inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans. In summary, this study indicates that monolaurin had antimicrobial activity and modulated the host immune response and metabolite production when administered for 24 h in a dual-chamber model inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans