403 research outputs found
Microwave radiative transfer studies of precipitation
Since the deployment of the DMSP SSM/I microwave imagers in 1987, increased utilization of passive microwave radiometry throughout the 10 - 100 GHz spectrum has occurred for measurement of atmospheric constituents and terrestrial surfaces. Our efforts have focused on observations and analysis of the microwave radiative transfer behavior of precipitating clouds. We have focused particular attention on combining both aircraft and SSM/I radiometer imagery with ground-based multiparameter radar observations. As part of this and the past NASA contract, we have developed a multi-stream, polarized radiative transfer model which incorporates scattering. The model has the capability to be initialized with cloud model output or multiparameter radar products. This model provides the necessary 'link' between the passive microwave radiometer and active microwave radar observations. This unique arrangement has allowed the brightness temperatures (TB) to be compared against quantities such as rainfall, liquid/ice water paths, and the vertical structure of the cloud. Quantification of the amounts of ice and water in precipitating clouds is required for understanding of the global energy balance
Winter School on Impact of Climate Change on Indian Marine Fisheries Lecture Notes - Part 1, CMFRI, Cochin held on 18.1.2008 - 7.2.2008
The man-made problem of climate change is emerging as the biggest test for humankind. The
greenhouse gas emission is increasing rapidly, and if unchecked, is likely to reach unprecedented and
irreversible levels in another three to four decades. Every individual will have to experience the hardship of
climate change in the near future. This challenge calls for preparedness and action at every level
Surfacing activity and food utllization in a tropical air-breathing fish exposed to different temperatures
In tropical countries like India, \vhere availability of
freshwater is limited , air-breathing fishes may be chosen
for aquaculture, as they thrive in shallow waters deficient
in oxygen. However, the advantageous air-breathing
habit of these fishes and the consequent need to surface
more or less at regular intervals may impose a considerable
drain of energy, which otherwise could have been
channelled into fish productio
Erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration of some tropical fishes
In all three species studied, values obtained for
blood properties such as erythrocyte counts haemoglobin
concentration were the highest for males,
intermediate for females and least for juveniles.
The reason for the sex-dependent changes in the
blood properties is not at present clear
Effects of feeding and starvation on growth and swimming activity in an obligatory air-breathing fish
There exists an enormous body of literature on metabolism of fishes as studied by oxygen consumption. Since
standard metabolism relates to 'maintenance energy cost'
of nonfeeding, nondigesting, nongrowing, nonactive fish,
Winberg (1956) rightly appealed for more studies on active
metabolism. Studies on -active metabolism required
exercising apparatus and techniques, such as grids or
electrified fields, to ensure a high sustained level of activit
Effects of food quality on swimming activity and food utilization in the air-breathing fish Ophiocephalus striatus
In cylindrical aquaria, liver fed O. striatus increased surfacing from 1104 times at 2.5 cm depth
to 1738 times/day at 40 cm depth. Due to the sustained surfacing. O. striatus "hung" to the surface
20 times for 1 h/day in the former and 27 times for 3.2 h/day in the latter. Feeding increased from
24 to 40 mg/g.day, assimilation 24 to 34 mg/gтАвday and metabolism 0.5 to.1.1 ml O2 uptake/gтАвh
in these groups
Food utilization in the fish Tilapia mossambica fed on plant and animal foods
Only a few publications are available concerning food utilization in herbivorous
fishes (see PANDIAN, 1975). MENZEL (1959) found that angelfish Holacanthus bermudi?
nsis, fed on epizoan-free filamentous algae, failed to deposit protein ; he concluded
that, though the utilized algae were sufficient to meet the metabolic energy requirements,
the animal matter ingested intentionally or accidentally by the angelfish was
essential to insure "true growth" (GERKING, 1952)
Food intake, conversion and swimming activity in the air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis
Pandian & Vivekanandan (1976) and Vivekanandan
([976), who considered feeding rate and conversion efficiency
estimates as parameters for assessing metabolic
rates and efficiencies. observed that the obligatory airbreathing
fish Opiliocepha/us slriatus, reared in aquaria
containing different depths of water, swam longer or shorter
distance to exhange atmospheric air; such a design of
experiment permitted them to measure food intake.
growth and sustained active metabolism on a long term
basis
Plausibility Verification for 3D Object Detectors Using Energy-Based Optimization
Environmental perception obtained via object detectors have no predictable safety layer encoded into their model schema, which creates the question of trustworthiness about the system\u27s prediction. As can be seen from recent adversarial attacks, most of the current object detection networks are vulnerable to input tampering, which in the real world could compromise the safety of autonomous vehicles. The problem would be amplified even more when uncertainty errors could not propagate into the submodules, if these are not a part of the end-to-end system design. To address these concerns, a parallel module which verifies the predictions of the object proposals coming out of Deep Neural Networks are required. This work aims to verify 3D object proposals from MonoRUn model by proposing a plausibility framework that leverages cross sensor streams to reduce false positives. The verification metric being proposed uses prior knowledge in the form of four different energy functions, each utilizing a certain prior to output an energy value leading to a plausibility justification for the hypothesis under consideration. We also employ a novel two-step schema to improve the optimization of the composite energy function representing the energy model
Effects of the Po2 on surfacing activity and food utilization in the air-breathing perch Anabas scandens
Fed Anabas scandens surfaced 555 times, swimming 278 m/day in non-aerated water (PO2 66 rnm Hg)
and 855 times, travelling 428 m/day in aerated watcr (PO2: 147 mm Hg). Consumption, assimilation,
production and metabolism of either series averaged 22. 18. 5 and 13 mg dry substance/g live
fish/day, respeclively
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