Screening of Non-Communicable Diseases and their Risk Factors among Tuberculosis Patients in Delhi: A Mix Method Study

Background: India has the highest burden of tuberculosis in the world. It is experiencing an increasing burden of noncommunicablediseases, thereby facing a dual disease burden. Recent evidence shows an association between TB and noncommunicable diseases like diabetes, CVD and chronic respiratory infections.Aims and Objectives: To assess the feasibility of screening for NCDs and risk factors for NCDs among patients with TB in DOTS centers of a medical college in Delhi and ascertain challenges for the same among providers and patients.Methodology: It was a mixed-methods study with a quantitative component (cross-sectional study using questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and records review) and a qualitative component (descriptive study using interview data).Results: Among the 139 patients screened, ten new cases of hypertension and six new patients were diagnosed with DM. Outof- pocket expenditure for tests was a concern of the patients. Health care providers found the screening tool easy to use but were apprehensive about increased workloadConclusion: The study provide useful visions for incorporating NCDs into routine TB care through DOTS centers under RNTCP/NTEP

A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH OF SUDHA VARGA DRAVYA W.S.R. TO GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER

The human Gastro intestinal tract is responsible for transporting and digesting food stuffs, absorbing nutrients and expelling waste. Any interruption or change in physiology of GIT results in various disease like Hyperacidity, Peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disorder etc. In Ayurveda all these diseases comes under Annavaha Srotas Vikara. There are many treatment modalities available in Ayurveda but Sudha vargiya Dravyas describe in Rasa-shastra literature plays an important role in the treatment of GIT disorders. Bhasmas of Sudha vargiya Dravyas have attained importance in prevention and cure of conditions such as AmlaPitta (hyperacidity), Grahani (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), Annadrava shula (Gastric ulcer), Parinaam shula (Duodenal ulcer), Atisara (Diarrhoea) etc. Bhasmas are considered as nano medicine in Ayurveda which is therapeutically very potent in small dose, quick acting and without specific taste. All the drugs in Sudha Varga have calcium in compound form, as salt. Calcium has very essential role in physiology related to bone structure as well as regulation of Gastro intestinal secretions. As these having Sheet virya in all the Sudha vargiya Dravyas the acid neutralizing capacity is present due to higher pH value.

A REVIEW ON REFERENCES OF HERBOMINERAL PREPARATIONS IN BRUHATRAYEE

Ayurveda science has been explained in the form of Hetu, Linga and Aushadha, where Aushadha has been given the much importance as success of treatment depends upon the usage of medicine considering the dose, time as well as the forms of medicine. Various sources are available to be used in the form of medicines as Herbs, Metals/Minerals or Animal products. Processed Metals/ Minerals such as Copper, Lead, Mercury were used in Ancient times but as the time goes, there was a drop in the usage of Herbomineral preparations in practice considering the claims put on its safety. Bruhatrayee being the most ancient and authentic texts of Ayurveda provides ample of references regarding usage of Herbomineral preparations for treatment of various conditions

Indian perspective about COVID-19 vaccine: an elixir bringing ray of hope to the dark pandemic

India has finally begun its colossal coronavirus vaccine drive, desperately hoping to end a deadly pandemic that has killed around 1.5 lakh of its population. With an aim to vaccinate about 300 million people across the subcontinent by July, India has a huge task ahead. This large number roughly amounts to almost the entire US population

Optimise the Gain of Optical Signal by SOA with Saturated ASE and Unsaturated ASE

Abstract-Optical Amplifiers are essentials components in long haul fibre optic system. An amplifier is a electronic device that can increase the power of signal. An Optical Amplifier is effectively the opposite of attenuator while Optical Amplifiers provide gain and attenuator provides loss. When a signal travels in a optical fibre medium the signal suffer from various losses such as fibre losses, attenuation losses, fibre splice losses, reduce these loses use the Semiconductor method with saturated and unsaturated Amplified Spontaneous Emission. It reduces the phase shift and recover original signal

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is an uncommon cause of ascites. Here we describe a case of a 75 year-old female patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and subclinical hypothyroidism that resolved with thyroid replacement and antibiotic therapy respectively. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed a gram-positive bacterium on gram staining. A review of the literature revealed just one other reported case of myxoedema ascites with concomitant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and no case has till been reported of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in subclinical hypothyroidism

Frequencies of ff- and pp-oscillation modes in cold and hot compact stars

A large collection of equations of state (EOSs) built within the covariant density functional (CDF) theory of hadronic matter and allowing for density dependent (DD) couplings is employed to study polar $f$- and $p$- oscillations of cold and hot compact stars. Correlations between oscillation frequencies of cold purely nucleonic neutron stars (NSs), their global parameters as well as properties of nuclear matter (NM) are investigated by considering a set of models from Beznogov and Raduta, [Phys.~Rev.~C 107, 045803 (2023)], where a number of constraints on the saturation properties of NM, pure neutron matter (PNM) and the lower bound of the maximal NS mass were imposed within a Bayesian framework. The roles of finite temperature and exotic particle degrees of freedom, e.g., hyperons, $\Delta$-resonances, anti-kaon condensates or a hadron to quark phase transition, are addressed by employing a family of models publicly available on \textsc{CompOSE} and assuming idealized profiles of temperature or entropy per baryon and charge fraction. We find that finite temperature effects reduce the oscillation frequencies of nucleonic stars while the opposite effect is obtained for stars with exotic particle degrees of freedom. When the $\Gamma$-law is employed to build finite temperature EOSs, errors in estimating oscillation modes frequencies are of the order of 10\% to 30\%, depending on the mass. Throughout this work the Cowling approximation is used.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSFEROSOMAL GEL

Transfersomes are particularly optimized, ultradeformable (ultraflexible) lipid supramolecular aggregates, which are able to penetrate the mammalian skin intact. Transfersome is a type of carrier system which is capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. Transfersomes penetrate through the pores of stratum corneum which are smaller than its size and get into the underlying viable skin in intact form. Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous follicle characterized by non-inflammatory (open and closed comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, and nodules). In such situation transdermal drug delivery remains the most preferential mode of administration. But, stratum corneum forms the most formidable barrier for the penetration of drug through skin. To overcome the stratum corneum barrier, the use of lipid vesicles like transfersomes in delivery systems has involved increasing attention in recent years. The aim of the present study was to statistically optimize the vesicular formulations (Transfersomes) for enhanced skin delivery of a model drug Clindamycin Phosphate. Keywords: Transfersomes, Acne vulgaris, Clindamycin Phosphat

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF KUSTHA (SAUSSUREA LAPPA (C.B. CLARKE) IN BRIHATTRAYI AND LAGHUTTRAYI

Brihattrayi (Greater triad) and Laghuttrayi (Lesser triad) are excellent, highly esteemed and extensively used sources of Ayurvedic knowledge. Brihattrayi comprises Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita and Astanga Hridaya and Laghuttrayi comprises Madhava nidana, Sharangdhar samhita and Bhava prakasha. Ayurveda delineates the uses of Kustha (Saussurea lappa (C.B. Clarke) for the management of different diseased conditions. Most of the Samhita Grantha have mentioned it in the treatment of Kustha, Shvitra (skin disease), Vata vyadhi (epilepsy), Arsha (piles), Mutrakricha (difficulty in micturition), Jvara (fever) and Vrana prasadana (wound healing). This article reviews the various references of Kustha in Brihattrayi and Laghuttrayi, regarding its different formulations and its prime therapeutic indications

Lactic acid and biomethane production from bread waste: a techno-economic and profitability analysis using pinch technology

Lactic acid (LA) is a vital platform chemical with diverse applications, especially for biodegradable polylactic acid. Bread waste (BW) is sugar-rich waste biomass generated in large quantities in residential and commercial operations. Recently, we evaluated the potential of BW for LA production by Bacillus coagulans under non-sterile conditions. This work presents a techno-economic and profitability analysis for valorizing 100 metric tons of BW per day to alleviate environmental pollution with concurrent production of LA and biomethane. We compared two fermentation approaches: acid-neutral (Scenario I) and low pH (Scenario II). Traditional esterification with methanol, followed by hydrolysis of methyl lactate, was employed for downstream separation to obtain polymer-grade LA. High-pressure steam was generated from solid debris via anaerobic digestion to complement energy demands partly. Energy consumption was further attenuated by process integration using pinch technology, with around 15% and 11% utility cost savings for Scenario I and II, respectively. These processes were capital-intensive, with 42–46% of LA production cost stemming from direct and indirect costs. Utilities were the major cost-contributing factor (19–21%) due to energy-intensive water evaporation from dilute fermentation broth. Due to additional processing steps, capital investment and operating costs were slightly higher in Scenario I than in Scenario II. LA manufacturing cost was thus more for Scenario I ($2.07 per kg) than Scenario II ($1.82 per kg). The minimum LA selling price for Scenario I and II were $3.52 and$3.22 per kg, respectively, with five-year payback periods and 8.5% internal rates of return. LA was slightly more expensive for decentralized BW processing than the market price