Nematodos intestinales de perros en parques públicos de Yucatán, México

Introduction: Dogs represent a potential public health risk because of the natural transmission of zoonotic parasitic infections.Objective: To estimate the frequency and to determine factors associated with the presence of intestinal nematode eggs in dog feces collected in public parks of Mérida,Yucatán, México.Materials and methods: A total of 100 dog fecal samples collected from 20 public parks in two areas of Mérida were analyzed. Samples were processed by the centrifugation-flotation and the McMaster techniques to confirm the presence and to quantify the excretion of intestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces. The factors associated with the presence of nematode eggs were identified using the chi square univariate analysis.Results: We found an 11% frequency of fecal samples positive for intestinal nematode eggs. Eggs of three species of parasites were identified: Ancylostoma caninum was the most common (10%), followed by Toxocara canis (10%), and Trichuris vulpis (1%). Most positive samples were infected with only one intestinal nematode (10%), and only 1 % was positive for a mixed infection by A. caninum and T. vulpis. The presence of stray dogs in public parks was an associated factor (p=0.046) with a higher number of fecal samples positive for intestinal nematode eggs.Conclusions: The frequency of intestinal nematodes in dog feces with zoonotic potential was high in parks of Mérida, Yucatán, México; samples from parks where there were stray dogs had a higher possibility of being positive.Introducción. Los perros representan un potencial riesgo para la salud pública debido a que transmiten infecciones parasitarias al hombre.Objetivo. Estimar la frecuencia y determinar los factores asociados a la presencia de huevos de nematodos intestinales en heces de perros recolectadas en parques públicos de Mérida, Yucatán, México.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 100 muestras de heces de perros recolectadas en 20 parques públicos de dos zonas de la ciudad. Las muestras se procesaron mediante las técnicas de flotación centrifugada y de McMaster para confirmar la presencia de huevos de nematodos intestinales y cuantificarlos por gramo de heces. Se determinaron los factores asociados a la presencia de los huevos mediante un análisis univariado de χ2.Resultados. Se encontró una frecuencia de 11 %. Se identificaron huevos de tres especies de parásitos y Ancylostoma caninum fue el más frecuente (10 %), seguido por Toxocara canis (1 %) y Trichuris vulpis (1 %). La mayoría de las muestras positivas presentaba infección con un nematodo intestinal únicamente (10 %) y solo el 1 % resultó positivo para infección mixta por A. caninum y T. vulpis. La presencia de perros sin dueño en los parques públicos fue el factor asociado (p=0,046) con un mayor número de heces positivas para huevos de nematodos intestinales.Conclusiones. En los parques de la ciudad se encontraron heces de perros con huevos de nematodos intestinales con potencial zoonótico; la probabilidad de que las muestras fueran positivas fue mayor en los parques con presencia de perros sin dueño

Prevalence of celiac disease in multiple sclerosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Celiac disease (CD) is a common systemic disease related to a permanent intolerance to gluten and is often associated with different autoimmune and neurological diseases. Its mean prevalence in the general population is 1-2% worldwide. Our aim was to study the prevalence of celiac disease in a prospective series of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and their first-degree relatives.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed the prevalence of serological, histological and genetic CD markers in a series of 72 MS patients and in their 126 first-degree relatives, compared to 123 healthy controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Tissue IgA-anti-transglutaminase-2 antibodies were positive in 7 MS patients (10%), compared to 3 healthy controls (2.4%) (p < 0.05). OR: 5.33 (CI-95%: 1.074-26.425). No differences were found in HLA-DQ2 markers between MS patients (29%) and controls (26%) (NS).</p> <p>We detected mild or moderate villous atrophy (Marsh III type) in duodenal biopsies, in 8 MS patients (11.1%). We also found a high proportion of CD among first-degree relatives: 23/126 (32%). Several associated diseases were detected, mainly dermatitis 41 (57%) and iron deficiency anemia in 28 (39%) MS patients. We also found in them, an increased frequency of circulating auto-antibodies such as anti-TPO in 19 (26%), ANA in 11 (15%) and AMA in 2 (3%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have found an increased prevalence of CD in 8 of the 72 MS patients (11.1%) and also in their first-degree relatives (23/126 [32%]). Therefore, increased efforts aimed at the early detection and dietary treatment of CD, among antibody-positive MS patients, are advisable.</p

Un examen actualizado de la percepción de las barreras para la implementación de la farmacogenómica y la utilidad de los pares fármaco/gen en América Latina y el Caribe

La farmacogenómica (PGx) se considera un campo emergente en los países en desarrollo. La investigación sobre PGx en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) sigue siendo escasa, con información limitada en algunas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, las extrapolaciones son complicadas, especialmente en poblaciones mixtas. En este trabajo, revisamos y analizamos el conocimiento farmacogenómico entre la comunidad científica y clínica de ALC y examinamos las barreras para la aplicación clínica. Realizamos una búsqueda de publicaciones y ensayos clínicos en este campo en todo el mundo y evaluamos la contribución de ALC. A continuación, realizamos una encuesta regional estructurada que evaluó una lista de 14 barreras potenciales para la aplicación clínica de biomarcadores en función de su importancia. Además, se analizó una lista emparejada de 54 genes/fármacos para determinar una asociación entre los biomarcadores y la respuesta a la medicina genómica. Esta encuesta se comparó con una encuesta anterior realizada en 2014 para evaluar el progreso en la región. Los resultados de la búsqueda indicaron que los países de América Latina y el Caribe han contribuido con el 3,44% del total de publicaciones y el 2,45% de los ensayos clínicos relacionados con PGx en todo el mundo hasta el momento. Un total de 106 profesionales de 17 países respondieron a la encuesta. Se identificaron seis grandes grupos de obstáculos. A pesar de los continuos esfuerzos de la región en la última década, la principal barrera para la implementación de PGx en ALC sigue siendo la misma, la "necesidad de directrices, procesos y protocolos para la aplicación clínica de la farmacogenética/farmacogenómica". Las cuestiones de coste-eficacia se consideran factores críticos en la región. Los puntos relacionados con la reticencia de los clínicos son actualmente menos relevantes. Según los resultados de la encuesta, los pares gen/fármaco mejor clasificados (96%-99%) y percibidos como importantes fueron CYP2D6/tamoxifeno, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioides, DPYD/fluoropirimidinas, TMPT/tiopurinas, CYP2D6/antidepresivos tricíclicos, CYP2C19/antidepresivos tricíclicos, NUDT15/tiopurinas, CYP2B6/efavirenz y CYP2C19/clopidogrel. En conclusión, aunque la contribución global de los países de ALC sigue siendo baja en el campo del PGx, se ha observado una mejora relevante en la región. La percepción de la utilidad de las pruebas PGx en la comunidad biomédica ha cambiado drásticamente, aumentando la concienciación entre los médicos, lo que sugiere un futuro prometedor en las aplicaciones clínicas de PGx en ALC.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC

On the use of digital subtraction angiography in stereoelectroencephalography surgical planning to prevent collisions with vessels

OBJECTIVE: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) consists of the implantation of microelectrodes for the electrophysiological characterization of epileptogenic networks. To reduce a possible risk of intracranial bleeding by vessel rupture during the electrode implantation, the stereotactic trajectories must follow avascular corridors. The use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for vascular visualization during planning is controversial due to the additional risk related to this procedure. Here we evaluate the utility of this technique for planning when the neurosurgeon has it available together with gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance sequence (T1-Gd) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS: Twenty-two implantation plans for SEEG were initially done using T1-Gd imaging (251 trajectories). DSA was only used later during the revision process. In 6 patients CTA was available at this point as well. We quantified the position of the closest vessel to the trajectory in each of the imaging modalities. RESULTS: Two thirds of the trajectories that appeared vessel free in the T1-Gd or CTA presented vessels in their proximity, as shown by DSA. Those modifications only required small shifts of both the entry and target point, so the diagnostic aims were preserved. CONCLUSIONS: T1-Gd and CTA, despite being the most commonly used techniques for SEEG planning, frequently fail to reveal vessels that are dangerously close to the trajectories. Higher-resolution vascular imaging techniques, such as DSA, can provide the neurosurgeon with crucial information about vascular anatomy, resulting in safer plans

Development and benchmark to obtain AMBER parameters dataset for non-standard amino acids modified with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

The data described here support the research article “4-HNE carbonylation induces local conformational changes on bovine serum albumin and thioredoxin. A molecular dynamics study” (Alviz-Amador et al., 2018) . Dataset on Gaff force field parameters of AMBER is provided for assembled three non-standard amino acids resulting of the 4-HNE Michael addition, the main end product of lipids peroxidation. Data include a framework for derivation of missing bonds, angles and dihedral parameters for Cys, His, and Lys modified amino acids, alongside optimized partial charges derived with Restrained Electrostatic Potential (RESP) method and the new force field parameters obtained by quantic mechanical (QM) using HF/6-31G** level of theory. Benchmark as a graphics tutorial summary steps to obtained new parameters and the validation of non-standard amino acids is presented. The new residues constructed are put available to the scientific community to perform molecular dynamics simulations of modified 4-HNE proteins. Keywords: AMBER, Gaff, Force field parameterization, Mechanical quantic, Molecular dynamics, Geometry optimization, Validatio

Manual del facilitador

Este documento de trabajo es fruto del trabajo realizado en el seminario demostrativo en Barichara- Santander, entre los días 15 y 25 de junio de 1989, dentro del plan de cooperación MATCOM-OIT- SENA. Contiene los ajustes propuestos por un equipo de dieciséis docentes SENA y cuatro facilitadores provenientes de diferentes regiones del país. Este material es una primera adaptación a la realidad colombiana del manual MATCOM