The isolation and characterization of endophytic microorganisms from Hyptis marrubioides Epling roots

Endophytic microorganisms asymptomatically colonize healthy plant tissues and may be related to the plant's resistance to attack by pathogens or even to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The present study was aimed at isolating and characterizing endophytic strains from the root system of Hyptis marrubioides. Coarse and fine root fragments were collected for diaphanization and surface disinfection to isolate endophytes. After 10 days of incubation, we obtained the colonization rate (CR) of the fragments and the endophytic were purified and maintained in culture medium. The bacteria were partially characterized using Gram stain and a catalase test. Fungi were identified by distinguishing between reproductive structures using a microculture technique. While observing diaphanized root fragments, we found arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi in the fine and coarse roots of H. marrubioides. The endophytic CR was more significant in coarse root fragments. In both types of roots, the percentage of bacteria was higher than the percentage of fungi. Gram positive and catalase-positive bacteria accounted for the majority of bacterial isolates, which were predominantly bacilli. Of all the fungal isolates, the majority had sporulating mycelium, which mainly consisted of fungi from the genus Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Papulaspora.Keywords: Bacteria, fungus, Lamiaceae, root syste

Revisiting the metallothionein genes polymorphisms and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population

Metallothioneins (MTs) gene polymorphisms have been associated with the ability of free radical scavenging and detoxification of heavy metals leading to cancer development. Our aim was to revisit, in a Brazilian population, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT gene family previously associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A case-control investigation with 28 OSCC patients and 45 controls was conducted, using conventional risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol consumption) as covariates. SNPs genotyping for rs8052334 (MT1B), rs964372 (MT1B), and rs1610216 (MT2A) was performed by PCR-RFLP, and SNPs for rs11076161 (MT1A) were analyzed by TaqMan assay. The only SNP associated with increased risk for OSCC was the MT-1A AA genotype (OR = 4.7; p = 0.01). We have also evidenced for the first time a significant linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs of MT-2A and MT-1A in this population with the highest frequency (30%) of the unfavorable haplotype G/A/C/T (rs1610216 / rs11076161 / rs964372 / rs8052334) of MT gene polymorphisms (OR = 6.2; p = 0.04). Interestingly, after removing the effects of conventional risk factors, we have uncovered the significance of the AA genotype of the rs11076161 with increased odds of 19-fold higher towards OSCC development. This is the first demonstration that a significant linkage disequilibrium among gene polymorphisms of the MT family may affect susceptibility to oral cancer, which is conditioned by the G/A/C/T haplotype (rs1610216/rs11076161/rs964372/ rs8052334) and the MT-1A gene polymorphism has a potential clinical utility for the OSCC risk assessment

The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves

Background The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi, it was hypothesized that biotrophic fungal species colonize the leaf tissues of S. erecta. Methods To test this hypothesis, we employed standard techniques in plant anatomy, which enabled us to investigate the interaction of fungal structures with plant tissues and describe the morphoanatomical and histochemical characteristics of the epidermis and limbus of S. erecta. Results The anatomical analysis showed the existence of leaf teeth on the leaf tips. Additionally, hyphae, conidiospores, and spores of Bipolaris/Curvularia species were detected on the adaxial epidermis. Moreover, melanized microsclerotia were found in glandular areas of the leaf teeth and the phloem, providing evidence of biotrophic behavior. The hypothesis that biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi interact with S. erecta leaf tissues was confirmed, despite the presence of many bioactive compounds (such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils), as evidenced by histochemical analyses. The presence of tector, glandular, and scabiform trichomes on the leaf teeth and epidermis was also revealed. This study presents, for the first time, the synthesis of essential oils and alkaloids in the leaves of S. erecta. Additionally, it investigates previously unexplained aspects of the anatomy and histochemistry of the species, as well as its interaction with resident microorganisms. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focus on extracting and characterizing the oils and alkaloids of S. erecta, as well as exploring other aspects related to its microbiome and its relationship

Phylogeography and demographic history of tabebuia serratifolia and tabebuia ochracea (bigno-niaceae), two neotropical tree species

Submitted by Marlene Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-12-20T16:03:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luciana Cristina Vitorino - 2015.pdf: 8226538 bytes, checksum: 818b91ae152e61751eb80f72e40d2ef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2016-12-26T13:21:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luciana Cristina Vitorino - 2015.pdf: 8226538 bytes, checksum: 818b91ae152e61751eb80f72e40d2ef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T13:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luciana Cristina Vitorino - 2015.pdf: 8226538 bytes, checksum: 818b91ae152e61751eb80f72e40d2ef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEGThere is strong evidence that the Neotropical vegetation has been influenced by climate changes at the end of the Tertiary and Quaternary. The response of vegetation to the cold weather and dry these periods, consistent with the occurrence of the last glacial maximum, still remains in debate. It is suggested that the areas currently occupied by the Cerrado and seasonal forests (SDTFs) are remnants of a continuous vegetation that existed in the past. From the perspective of that species widely distributed in savannas and Brazilian SDTFs could help unravel the role of climate change Pleistocene on the current distribution pattern of genetic diversity in these vegetation types, we sampled 17 populations of Tabebuia serratifolia in SDTFs and 24 populations Tabebuia ochracea in savannas and sequenced intergenic non-coding regions of chloroplast (psbA-trnH, trnG-trnS e trnC-ycf6) as well as the nuclear region ITS (nrDNA). Later, we used coalescent analysis, Ecological Niche Modeling techniques (ENM) and simulations of demographic hypothesis for these species in an attempt to broaden the understanding of the changes undergone by neotropical landscape during the last ice age cycles. The sampled populations for both species showed high genetic diversity for both markers (hcpDNA = 0.8731 and hnrDNA = 0.7723 - T. serratifolia and hcpDNA = 0.927 and hnrDNA = 0.637 - T. ochracea), and large structure (Fst(cpDNA) = 0.528, P < 0.001 and Fst(ITS) = 0.742, P < 0.001 - T. serratifolia and Fst(cpDNA) = 0.742, P < 0.001 and Fst(ITS) = 0.544, P < 0.001 - T. ochracea). The coalescing analysis showed the time to the most recent common ancestor between haplotypes of the sampled populations, oldest to T. serratifolia (~ 3.4 Ma - 95% CI 1.9 - 6.8), which for T. ochracea (~ 1.9 Ma - 95% CI 0.1 - 2.3). The two species show standard recent population expansion and the niche modeling revealed for the T. serratifolia a higher potential distribution area during Holoceno medium while for T. ochracea the highest suitability area was predicted for maximum glacial last (LGM - 21ka), going in favor the hypothesis that the savannas and STDFs have submitted in the past, a wider distribution than currently known.Há fortes evidências de que a vegetação Neotropical tenha sido influenciada por alterações climáticas ocorridas no final do período Terciário e no Quaternário. A resposta da vegetação ao clima mais frio e seco desses períodos, condizente com a ocorrência do último máximo glacial, ainda permanece em debate. Sugere-se que as áreas atualmente ocupadas pelo Cerrado e florestas estacionais (SDTFs) sejam remanescentes de uma vegetação contínua que existia no passado. Sob a perspectiva de que espécies amplamente distribuídas em savanas e SDTFs brasileiras pudessem ajudar a desvendar o papel das mudanças climáticas do Pleistoceno sobre o padrão atual de distribuição da diversidade genética nessas formações vegetais, nós amostramos 17 populações de Tabebuia serratifolia em SDTFs e 24 populações de Tabebuia ochracea em savanas e sequenciamos regiões intergênicas não codificantes de cloroplasto (psbA-trnH, trnG-trnS e trnC-ycf6), bem como a região nuclear ITS (rDNA). Posteriormente, utilizamos análises coalescentes, técnicas de Modelagem de Nicho Ecológico (ENM) e simulações de hipóteses demográficas para essas espécies, na tentativa de ampliar o entendimento das mudanças sofridas pela paisagem neotropical durante os últimos ciclos de glaciação. As populações amostradas para as duas espécies apresentaram alta diversidade genética para ambos os marcadores (hcpDNA = 0.8731 e hnrDNA = 0.7723 – T. serratifolia e hcpDNA = 0.927 e hnrDNA = 0.637 – T. ochracea), e grande estruturação (Fst(cpDNA) = 0.528, P < 0.001 e Fst(ITS) = 0.742, P < 0.001 – T. serratifolia e Fst(cpDNA) = 0.742, P < 0.001 e Fst(ITS) = 0.544, P < 0.001 – T. ochracea). As análises coalescentes mostraram um tempo para o ancestral comum mais recente, entre os haplótipos das populações amostradas, mais antigo para T. serratifolia (~3.4 Ma - 95% CI 1.9 - 6.8), que para T. ochracea (~1.9 Ma - 95% CI 0.1 - 2.3). As duas espécies apresentaram padrão de expansão populacional recente sendo que a modelagem de nicho revelou, para T. serratifolia, maior área de distribuição potencial durante o Holoceno médio enquanto que para T. ochracea a maior área de adequabilidade foi predita para o último glacial máximo (LGM – 21ka), indo de encontro à hipótese de que as savanas e as STDFs possam ter apresentado, no passado, uma distribuição mais ampla que a conhecida atualmente

Microbial Diversity: The Gap between the Estimated and the Known

The ecological and biotechnological services that microorganisms provide to the planet and human society highlight the need to understand and preserve microbial diversity, which is widely distributed, challenging the severity of certain environments. Cataloging this diversity has also challenged the methods that are currently used to isolate and grow microorganisms, because most of the microbiota that are present in environmental samples have been described as unculturable. Factors such as geographic isolation and host preference also hinder the assessment of microbial diversity. However, prejudiced historical practices, including the prioritization of some species of microorganisms merely because they cause diseases, have long shifted research on fungi and bacteria towards medically relevant microorganisms. Thus, most microorganisms that inhabit the planet are still unknown, as is the potential of these species. Current estimates allow us to predict that the diversity of microorganisms that are present in the various terrestrial ecosystems is enormous. However, understanding this diversity is a challenge for the future of microbial ecology research

CONSTRUINDO COM IDOSOS PERSPECTIVAS DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar caminhos para uma reflexão de uma ação pedagógica visando uma Educação Física Permanente, baseada nas significações desveladas através dos depoimentos temáticos de vida dos idosos participantes dos projetos do NIEATI. No primeiro capítulo apresentamos as razões da investigação, incluindo minha trajetória pessoal relacionada com a temática: os fenômenos do envelhecimento populacional e da transição demográfica e minha caminhada acadêmica. No segundo capítulo mergulhamos em uma incursão teórica que passa por aspectos relativos a sociedade. Educação Física, compreensões de coipo e movimento e o que denominamos competências para bem viver. No terceiro capítulo estão registrados os procedimentos metodológicos do estudo. Utilizamos a metodologia da História Oral temática. Como instrumentos de pesquisa utilizamos entrevista temática e caderno de campo. A colônia do estudo, que representa uma coletividade de destino demarcada, foi constituída por Idosos matriculados nos programas do NIEATI há mais de cinco anos. A seleção dos colaboradores foi através de rede, sendo a amostra constituída de quatro colaboradoras do sexo feminino, com idades entre 62 e 79 anos de idade. Para a análise das informações utilizamos categorias de análise a partir de três cortes horizontais temporais temáticos relativos a manifestações de movimento, que correspondem respectivamente a: juventude, vida adulta e velhice. No quarto capítulo convocamos as colaboradoras do estudo, os autores e os leitores para a discussão temática proposta. As manifestações de movimento nas histórias de vida e a literatura consultada neste estudo nos remetem a reflexão das concepções de corpo e movimento, bem como das subordinações históricas da Educação Física. No quinto capítulo estão as verdades provisórias refletidas neste estudo. Concluímos que a fundamentação de uma Educação Física, que se pretende permanente deve obedecer, mesmo que provisoriamente ao paradigma da reflexão fenomenológica do movimento. A partir deste, podemos considerar alguns princípios norteadores de nossas opções pedagógicas. São eles: concepção de homem enquanto ser histórico-cultural, inacabado, com biografia pessoal; educação enquanto evento permanente na existência humana; corpo/corporeidade enquanto o modo de ser e estar no mundo; movimento como um diálogo do homem com o mundo; aprendizagem enquanto ‘resultado' da disputa subjetiva travada através experiência na busca do desenvolvimento do que denominamos de competências do bem viver. Torna-se fundamental pensar uma educação Física permanente que ultrapasse os muros das escolas e adentre na vida das pessoas, em todas as idades. Almejamos que as discussões se ampliem e questões relacionadas com envelhecimento humano, e também com a vida adulta figurem naturalmente no contexto geral das propostas de Educação Física

DIETA DA SUINDARA Tyto furcata (Temminck, 1827) EM ÁREA DE CONSERVAÇÃO NA CIDADE DE URUTAÍ, GO

São escassos os estudos que tiveram o propósito de analisar a dieta da suindara Tyto furcata na região do Cerrado, sobretudo do sudeste do estado de Goiás. Assim, foi acompanhada a dieta de dois casais de suindara, através da análise de egagrópilas amostradas em uma área de conservação localizada na cidade de Urutaí, durante o período de três meses. Foram encontrados 188 itens alimentares, que totalizaram 240g de biomassa. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a biomassa e o número de presas encontradas nas egagrópilas (r = 0,850; p > 0,001) e uma correlação inversamente proporcional entre o número de presas e a precipitação total mensal da região sudeste de Goiás (r = -0,995, p > 0,001). Houve predomínio de roedores na dieta destes animais (75,6% da dieta), em todos os meses avaliados, e insetos corresponderam a 13,8% da dieta, estando presentes as ordens Coleoptera e Ortoptera. Insetos da família Tettigonidae foram os mais frequentes na dieta dessas corujas (59,6% do total de insetos). Houve também a presença de escamados da família Gekkonidae, não sendo observado nas amostras analisadas, presença de estruturas corporais que indicassem a utilização de aves ou anfíbios como presas. Nosso trabalho contribui para o conhecimento da dieta alimentar de suindaras e abre perspectivas para que outros estudos avaliem o efeito das variações climáticas sobre os hábitos alimentares dessas corujas no Cerrado

Trends in the scientific literature on Stryphnodendron adstringens (Leguminosae): an important Brazilian medicinal tree

Stryphnodendron adstringens, commonly known as “barbatimão”, is a native Brazilian savannah tree that has been long used in folk medicine due to its phytotherapy properties. The aim of the present study was to perform a scientometric analysis based on articles published in journals indexed in Web of Science database. Seventy publications on barbatimão were found and included in this scientometric research, most of which were published in English. The temporal trend analysis in the number of publications showed that the number of scientific articles about S. adstringens had increased significantly over the years. The papers found were published in 51 scientific journals, most of which are international. The main knowledge gaps relating to S. adstringens were in the fields of environmental sciences, evolutionary biology and genetics. The mains trends in barbatimão studies involves pharmacology pharmacy, forestry and medicinal chemistry. Tannin and medicinal plant were the most frequent keywords, showing its importance as a phytotherapeutic resource. Brazil was responsible for 92.96% of the knowledge about this species, obtained through scientific production. The analysis of the publications found made it possible to understand the current knowledge about the species S. adstringens

Growth promotion mediated by endophytic fungi in cloned seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids

Eucalyptus cultivation has expanded considerably in Brazilian systems, leading to the current search for technologies to optimize growing conditions and the production of seedlings in nurseries. Based on the understanding that the development of tree species such as Eucalyptus sp. can be influenced by endophytic fungi that act directly as plant growth-promoting species, cloned seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids grown from minicuttings we stimulated with three species of endophytic fungi and the effects of inoculation on seedling growth was evaluated. Strains of Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp. and Papulaspora sp. were forced to colonize the root system of the plants, which were continuously maintained under protected cultivation. Inoculation of the symbionts had positive effects on stem length, stem diameter and the fresh and dry biomass of the treated plants. Non-inoculated plants presented a shorter stem length than the plants treated with any of the endophytic species. The cloned seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma sp. exhibited the greatest stem measurements at 120 days after transplanting. The seedlings inoculated with Fusarium sp. displayed a greater number of leaves than the other seedlings as well as greater amounts of fresh and dry biomass. The authors also conducted quarterly evaluations of the increment in seedling growth promoted by the inoculants, which were more effective in the early stages, up to 60 days after transplanting.Keywords: Inoculants, microorganisms, minicutting, tree specie

Microbial Inoculation Improves Growth, Nutritional and Physiological Aspects of Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Considering a scenario where there is a low availability and increasing costs of fertilizers in the global agricultural market, as well as a finitude of important natural resources, such as phosphorus (P), this study tested the effect of the inoculation of rhizospheric or endophytic microorganisms isolated from Hymenaea courbaril and Butia purpurascens on the growth promotion of Glycine max (L.) Merr. The tests were conducted in a controlled greenhouse system, and the effects of biofertilization were evaluated using the following parameters: dry biomass, nutritional content, and photochemical and photosynthetic performance of plants. Seed biopriming was performed with four bacterial and four fungal isolates, and the results were compared to those of seeds treated with the commercial product Biomaphos&reg;. Overall, microbial inoculation had a positive effect on biomass accumulation in G. max, especially in strains PA12 (Paenibacillus alvei), SC5 (Bacillus cereus), and SC15 (Penicillium sheari). The non-inoculated control plants accumulated less nutrients, both in the whole plant and aerial part, and had reduced chlorophyll index and low photosynthetic rate (A) and photochemical efficiency. Strains PA12 (P. alvei), SC5 (B. cereus), and 328EF (Codinaeopsis sp.) stood out in the optimization of nutrient concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Plants inoculated with the bacterial strains PA12 (P. alvei) and SC5 (B. cereus) and with the fungal strains 328EF (Codinaeopsis sp.) and SC15 (P. sheari) showed the closest pattern to that observed in plants treated with Biomaphos&reg;, with the same trend of direction of the means associated with chlorophyll index, (A), dry mass, and concentration of important nutrients such as N, P, and Mg. We recommend the use of these isolates in field tests to validate these strains for the production of biological inoculants as part of the portfolio of bioinputs available for G. max