All the single finds – single object depositions in the Netherlands, Belgium and beyond.

Single finds are often neglected in the analysis of Bronze Age depositions, since their context is often unclear or even completely unknown. It is often assumed that single finds originally belonged to hoards, graves or settlements. But do they really belong to other contexts, or are they an autonomous context category that deserves more attention? Single finds quite often represent the majority of a dataset, so they certainly offer potential insights into selective depositional practices in the Bronze Age. This paper argues that single finds are in fact of great archaeological value. It focuses on finds from north-western Europe and the river landscape of the Rhine. Based on the available context information, this paper proposes a more precise definition and categorisation of different types of single finds in order to arrive at a greater understanding of this find group. A distinction is made between single finds with and without context information. It is then possible to examine, by means of systematic comparisons of the distribution and biographies of the different categories of single finds, whether single finds without context information show a pattern similar to the single finds with context information. This way we can fully utilise the archaeological potential of single finds in the analysis of depositional practices during the Bronze Age

A critical analysis of scales to measure the attitude of nurses toward spiritual care and the frequency of spiritual nursing care activities

Quantitative studies have assessed nurses' attitudes toward and frequency of spiritual care [SC] and which factors are of influence on this attitude and frequency. However, we had doubts about the construct validity of the scales used in these studies. Our objective was to evaluate scales measuring nursing SC. Articles about the development and psychometric evaluation of SC scales have been identified, using, Web of Science, and CINAHL, and evaluated with respect to the psychometric properties and item content of the scales. Item content was evaluated by each of the five authors with respect to the following questions: Does the item (1) reflect a general opinion about SC instead of a personal willingness to offer SC; (2) reflect general psychosocial care instead of specific SC; (3) focus solely on religious care; (4) contain the words 'spiritual' (care/needs/health/strengths, etc.); and (5) contain multiple propositions, or have an unclear meaning? We found eight scales. Psychometric analysis of these scales was often meager and the items of all but one scale suffered from two or more of the five problems described above. This leads us to conclude that many quantitative results in this area are based on findings with questionable scales. Suggestions for improvements are provided