PENGARUH SHIELDING ALUMINIUM FOIL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KETEBALAN LAPISAN EPITEL KORNEA AKIBAT PAPARAN RADIASI GELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNETIK PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN

Ponsel telah diketahui memancarkan radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik (RGEM) yang digunakan sebagai media dalam telekomunikasi. Dampak buruk akibat paparan RGEM dapat terjadi pada lapisan epitel kornea mata yang secara anatomis terletak pada bagian anterior. Kami melakukan penelitian potensi aluminium foil (AF) sebagai perisai terhadap RGEM yang diukur dengan membandingkan ketebalan lapisan epitel kornea mata tikus kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Masing-masing tikus dimasukkan ke masing-masing kandang paparan secara terpisah. Sumber paparan RGEM berupa ponsel GSM 2100 (Taiwan) dengan SAR 0,84 – 1,86 W/kg yang tersambung wifi yang diletakkan di bagian bawah setiap kandang paparan tikus dengan paparan 4 jam /hari. Sejumlah 32 tikus dengan usia 2-3 bulan diacak dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol tanpa paparan RGEM terbagi menjadi K1 (tanpa pemberian AF) dan K2 (dengan pemberian AF). Sedangkan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi paparan RGEM terbagi menjadi P1 (tanpa pemberian AF) dan P2 (dengan pemberian AF). Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa kelompok P1 memiliki ketebalan lapisan epitel kornea paling tipis dibandingkan kelompok lainnya, namun secara statistik tidak signifikan (uji Kruskal Wallis; p value 0,147). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, AF kemungkinan dapat menurunkan stres oksidatif yang memicu apoptosis pada lapisan epitel kornea mata dengan proses shielding sumber paparan RGEM

COMORBIDITIES OF MYASTHENIC CRISIS PATIENTS ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN 2017-2019

Highlight: 1. Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) can have both autoimmune and non-autoimmune comorbidities. 2. MG patients were predominantly aged >50 years, females and the commonest comorbidity are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. 3. Age and comorbidities were found to have significant correlation among these patients, but not between gender and comorbidities. Abstract: Background:  There are limited studies on the comorbidities of myasthenic crisis (MC) associated with age and gender, specifically from Indonesia. These data might be valuable for treatment to improve the outcome of these patients. Objective: To analyze the correlation between age and gender with the comorbidities amongst the MC patients admitted in the ICU of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2017-2019. Materials and methods:  A retrospective cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on 25 medical records of MC patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion study criteria. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were done to determine the potential correlation between variables (significant level of p50 years (20%) while the gender predominantly found were females (68%) with 32% males. A significant correlation was found between age and comorbidities (p=0.002) whilst not between gender and comorbidities (p=0.115). The most common comorbidities observed were hypertension (30%) and diabetes mellitus (20%). Conclusion: There were 40% of patients found with comorbidities. There was a significant association between age and comorbidities found amongst myasthenic crisis patients, whilst no significant association was found between gender and comorbidities

A Rare Case of Dural Tail Sign in the Patient with Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report

Highlight: A dural tail sign was found in T1W1-MR-images with contrast of a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Glioblastoma multiforme as a grade IV malignancy of the astrocytes' glioma, the dura mater can be infiltrated and shown as DTS, although rarely reported.   ABSTRACT Introduction: The dural tail sign (DTS), which is rarely seen in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is reported here. This sign is generally found as a manifestation of meningioma due to the reactive changes of the tumor’s invasion. Case: A 61-year-old Javanese man presented with a gradually worsening headache two months prior to hospital admission. He also suffered from paralysis of his right extremities. His complete blood tests and clinical chemistry were within normal limits. A head CT scan showed a large mass near the convexity of the brain in the left parietal lobe, along with edema and a shift of the midline structures to the right. This was confirmed on the T1W1 MR images with contrast, where DTS was clearly shown. Following surgical resection and tumor excision, histopathology analysis revealed GBM with malignant cell infiltration to the dura in the vicinity of the neoplasm. Conclusion: Here we showed a DTS in GBM as a malignant infiltration marker into the dur

PROFILE OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS IN PEDIATRIC WARD AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN THE PERIOD OF JANUARY-DECEMBER 2017

Background: Various risk factors of epilepsy in children had been reported although differences were found amongst regions. Objective: To identify the profile of epilepsy patients and previous febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years at Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2017. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study, using secondary data from medical records of epilepsy patients with febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years old at Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in the period of January-December 2017. Data analysis was done using t-test and Chi- Square test (Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 22). The level of significance was p<0.05. Results: Seventy-four male and 38 female patients were included. Febrile seizure history was observed in 42 patients and there was no significant difference between febrile seizure history and prevalence of epilepsy. The general type of seizure was found in 79 patients; mostly from Surabaya, Indonesia and the parents’ occupation was private employee. The most observed type of seizure was general type. Conclusion: In this study, epilepsy was predominantly found in males than females; and a significant number of the patients were without febrile seizure history. General type of seizure was the most common type amongst others. These patients were mostly from Surabaya, Indonesia, whose parents' occupation was private employees

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and anthropometry features among seemingly healthy young adults

We explored association between the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and uric acid (UA) to the middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) amongst seemingly healthy university students in Kediri, Indonesia aged 17-23 years (n=150); no history of major previous diseases were found (i.e. metabolic syndrome). TC and UA measured from the capillary blood; standardised anthropometry measurements were done by trained medical doctors. Correlation, linear regression, independent t-test or Mann-Whitney analysis were performed with the level of significance of p&lt;0.05. We found higher TC (p=0.053), UA (p&lt;0.001), MUAC (p=0.009), HC (p=0.865) and WC (p=0.001) among males than among females. TC was significantly correlated to the UA with prevalence of hypercholesterolemia of 46.7% and hyperuricemia of 30% of all participants. All anthropometry was significantly correlated to the TC and UA among males (p&lt;0.001); TC and UA were strongly corresponded to all anthropometry parameters among males. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperuricemia could be found amongst the seemingly healthy young adults in Indonesia; among males these are strongly correlated to the higher MUAC, WC and HC. Daily physical activity and proper healthy diet might help to decrease these cardiovascular disease risk factors

Pengaruh Ekstrak Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) terhadap Morfologi Stratum Hipokampus Model Anak Mencit Pascasapih Induk yang Terpapar Timbal Selama Masa Kehamilan

Kandungan antioksidan ekstrak bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) diduga dapat melawan efek toksik timbal asetat pada sistem saraf pusat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bayam merah terhadap morfologi hipokampus model anak mencit (Mus musculus) pascasapih yang induknya terpapar timbal asetat per oral selama masa kehamilan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Coba Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga (FKUA) pada bulan April–Juni 2013. Dua puluh tujuh ekor anak mencit pascasapih dibagi dalam 3 kelompok: M0 (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose atau CMC Na 0,5%), M1 (CMC Na 0,5%+timbal asetat 1,16 mg/10 g BB/hari) dan M2 (CMC Na 0,5%+timbal asetat 1,16 mg/10 g BB/hari+ekstrak bayam merah 382,2 mg/10 g BB/hari). Sediaan otak diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Lebar stratum granulare girus dentatus (GD), stratum oriens-piramidale (SOP) CA1, CA2, dan CA3 dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan least significant different (p0,05). Simpulan, pemberian ekstrak bayam merah dapat mengurangi efek negatif timbal asetat yang merusak struktur hipokampus model anak mencit pascasapih yang induknya terpapar timbal selama kehamilan

The Effect of an Aluminium Foil Shield on Reducing The Strength of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones Reaching the Oculi of Adult Male Rats

Mobile phones produce electromagnetic radiation (EMR) whilst transmitting data. The EMR can generatethe oxidative stressors that might affect the oculi of the mobile phone users. Aluminium foil (AF) has been proposed as a shicld against EMR because it has the potential to cause absorption loss and reflection loss. This study investigates whether the AF can reduce the mobile phone's EMR as an oxidative stressor to the subiected rat. oculi by measuring the malondialdehvde (MDA) levels and comparing these to the controls, Thirty-two adult male rats were divided equally into 4 groups (n=8). Groups K1 and K2 were the control groups with and without AF by respectively, as were study groups in groups P1 and P2. The rats in the study groups were exposed to EMR from a mobile phone with specificity absorption rate 0.84-1.86 W/kg in standby mode and connected to Wi-fi for 4 hours daily for 30 days. The MDA levels of the right oculus were measured using spectrophotometry. Data was analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test (SPSS v.23). The MDA levels in groups III and IV was higher than in groups I and II, it was significantly highest in group III compared to the others with significance level of p < 0.05. Groups I and II had no significant modulation in the MDA levels. This study demonstrated that AF could be a shield against EMR, and that was shown by the Jower levels of the MDA in the shielded subyects

Aluminum Foil Shield Diminishes the Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones in the Cerebellum of Adult Male Rats

Aluminum foil (AF), which is a good conductor and non-magnetic, is proposed to reflect almost all of the electromagnetic wave's exposure. The effect of aluminium foil to the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of adult male rat's cerebellum exposed to the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from the mobile phones was analyzed. Thirty-two adult male rats were placed equally into four groups (n=8). Group I is the control group without AF or EMR without AF or EMR; group II is given the AF only; group III is treated to the EMR; group IV is treated to the EMR with AF shield. A mobile phone was taped at the timer floor of a plastic box container where the animal was placed. The AF shield has thickness of 2mm and the size of 20 x 160cm (Klin Pak, Indonesia) and covered the mobile phones wholly inside the plastic bag (in group IV). The mobile phone used has a specificity absorption rate europe (SAR EU) of 0,84-1,86 W/kg with a frequency band of 2100MHz (GSM 2100 MHz). The Exposure to the mobile phone's EMR was four hours daily for 30 days. The MDA levels were measured with the spectrophotometer (TBARS method) and analyzed statistically using KruskalWallis Test and Mann Whitney U (p<0.05). The MDA levels in P2 were significantly lower compared to those of P1 (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the MDA levels in P1 were significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, aluminum foil could provide protective effect against the exposure of EMR oxidative stress in rat cerebellum

GABAA receptor expression and white matter disruption in intrauterine growth restricted piglets

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the most common causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. White matter and neuronal injury are major pathophysiological features of the IUGR neonatal brain. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors have been shown to play a role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and proliferation in the neonatal brain and may be a key factor in white matter injury and myelination in IUGR neonates. Whether there are impairments to the GABAergic system and neuronal cytoskeleton in IUGR brain has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to examine GABA receptor α and α subunit protein expression and distribution in parietal cortex and hippocampus of the IUGR piglet at four different ages (term = 115 d – days gestational age), 100 d, 104 d, birth (postnatal day 0–P0) and P7 and to examine neuronal and myelination patterns. Significant alterations to GABA receptor α and α protein expression levels were observed in the IUGR piglet brain of P7 IUGR piglets with significantly greater α expression compared to α expression in the hippocampus while there was virtually no difference between the two subunits in the parietal cortex. However a significantly lower α/α ratio was evident in P7 IUGR cortex when compared with P7 NG cortex. Neuronal somatodendrites studied using MAP2 immunohistochemistry showed reduced and disrupted somatodendrites while MBP immunolabelling showed loss of axonal fibres from gestational day 104 d through to P7. These findings provide insights into the effects of IUGR on the development of the GABA system, altered developmental maturation of GABA receptor subunit expression in the IUGR brain may influence myelination and may partly explain the cognitive disabilities observed in IUGR. Understanding the mechanisms behind grey and white matter injury in the IUGR infant is essential to identifying targets for treatments to improve long-term outcomes for IUGR infants

Functional Neurovascular Anatomy of The Spinal Cord

The Neurovascular Anatomy of the spinal cord composed of segmental structure at each spinal level which also known as metamere. Due to its natural long shape. The arterier and posterior spinal arteries are supported by other arteries branched of several sources i.e. the cervical ascendensartery