Steganography and Steganalysis : Different Approaches

Steganography is the technique of hiding confidential information within any media. Steganography is often confused with cryptography because the two are similar in the way that they both are used to protect confidential information. The difference between the two is in the appearance in the processed output; the output of steganography operation is not apparently visible but in cryptography the output is scrambled so that it can draw attention. Steganlysis is process to detect of presence of steganography. In this article we have tried to elucidate the different approaches towards implementation of steganography using ‘multimedia’ file (text, static image, audio and video) and Network IP datagram as cover. Also some methods of steganalysis will be discussed

A Modified Hybrid Port Knocking Technique for Host Authentication A Review

The main objective is to develop and assess the performance of a replacement PK technique, which may avert all kinds of port attacks and meets all network security necessities. Port knock is a crucial conception to secure services provided by the servers. By a predefined port knock sequence server establish whether or not the request could be a legitimate request for a service. The new technique uti lizes three acknowledge ideas, these are: port - knocking (PK), steganography, and mutual authentication, therefore, it mentioned because the hybrid port - knocking (HPK) technique. It are often used for host authentication to form native services invisible from port scanning, giv e an additional layer of security. During this paper presents analyzing the network sec urity concept of Port knock and assess their quality as firewall authentication mechanisms for gap network ports or activity bound actions on servers. This paper is developing and evaluating the performance of a replacement proposed modified hybrid port kn ock (MHPK) technique with proposed encryption/decryption technique. The planned technique is to stop completely different - different kinds of port attack and fulfill the complete security demand for network. Planned technique is that the combination of 4 i deas, this are port knocks (PK), symmetric key encryption/decryption, steganography and mutual authentication. Primarily it the improved modification of hybrid port knocking therefore; it observed because the modified hybrid port - knocking (MHPK) technique

Comparative Study on Coconut Shell Aggregate with Conventional Concrete

Abstract: Aggregates provide volume at low cost, comprising 66 percent to 78 percent of the concrete. Conventional coarse aggregate namely gravel and fine aggregate is sand in concrete will be used as control. While natural material is coconut shell as course aggregate will be investigate to replace the aggregate in concrete. In this studies, three different concrete mixes with different the combination of natural material content namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%.Three sample specimen will be prepared for each concrete mixes. The aim behind this is to use low cost material like coconut shell and thus taking close to the concept of low cost housing. All precaution is taken to maintain serviceability, strength and durability of the members. Thus it will be helpful for civil engineers and society to adopt this concept to fulfill the basic need of human that is housing

Online Databases Backbone for Teaching and Research: Case Study of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra (India)

The library facilities and services have changed during the pandemic from both the librarians’ and library users’ points of view. Research and academic communication disseminated via emerging online databases and resulted in creating awareness and utilization of electronic resources remotely. The present study investigates the availability, awareness, and use of online databases subscribed from direct publishers and also accessed from Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India, under the INFEED project by Rajarambapu Institute of Technology (RIT) staff members and students during the lockdown period. A mixed research approach (i.e. quantitative and qualitative) has been applied by using an online questionnaire as a data collection tool. Total 128 filled questionnaires were received with an 85.3 percent response rate, and it is found to be valid for analysis. More than 90 percent of the respondents were aware of the Online Databases. Science Direct is a highly used database by 50 percent of the users, majority i. e. 75 percent of the respondents use E-books as a source of information from an online database. The study also found some problems faced by the respondents, such as network problems, technical problems, lack of guidance, etc. Finally, the study made it very clear that most of the users are satisfied with the Online Databases provided by the institutional library

Towards a data publishing framework for primary biodiversity data: challenges and potentials for the biodiversity informatics community

Background: Currently primary scientific data, especially that dealing with biodiversity, is neither easily discoverable nor accessible. Amongst several impediments, one is a lack of professional recognition of scientific data publishing efforts. A possible solution is establishment of a ‘Data Publishing Framework’ which would encourage and recognise investments and efforts by institutions and individuals towards management, and publishing of primary scientific data potentially on a par with recognitions received for scholarly publications. Discussion: This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of primary biodiversity data publishing, and conceptualises a ‘Data Publishing Framework’ that would help incentivise efforts and investments by institutions and individuals in facilitating free and open access to biodiversity data. It further postulates the institutionalisation of a ‘Data Usage Index (DUI)’, that would attribute due recognition to multiple players in the data collection/creation, management and publishing cycle. Conclusion: We believe that institutionalisation of such a ‘Data Publishing Framework’ that offers socio-cultural, legal, technical, economic and policy environment conducive for data publishing will facilitate expedited discovery and mobilisation of an exponential increase in quantity of ‘fit-for-use’ primary biodiversity data, much of which is currently invisible

Open access and biodiversity conservation: challenges and potentials for the developing world

Access to and sharing of data is essential for biodiversity conservation. However, workers from developing nations that harbor rich biodiversity often do not have access to biodiversity information and often are not keen on making what data they have accessible to others. Open access initiatives offer a great opportunity to make the world's biodiversity information accessible to anyone, at any time and in any place. This article reviews the state of open access in the developing world and argues for the increase of data on biodiversity in the public domain. It makes specific suggestions about how the developing world can reap the benefits of this global S&T movement to better conserve and sustain biotic resources through the creation of a "virtual biodiversity research space"

National Biodiversity Information Outlook (NBIO)

<p>Given India’s national, regional and global aspirations of being a developed, mega-biodiverse nation, it is important to have an accurate and adequate database to assess and monitor the state of biological resources. This would facilitate informed decision making to ensure sustainable development and conservation of biological resources. In order to overcome barriers in free and open access to biodiversity data and information, long term strategy and action plan together with national biodiversity information infrastructure is necessary. This outlook is first step in this direction. Objective of this section is to provide rationale for development of ‘National Biodiversity Information Outlook (NBIO).</p

A Novel Method for the Selective Identification of Metformin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Sodium Nitroprusside as a Chromogenic Reagent by Spectrophotometry

Abstract: A novel method to identify the metformin with a good selectivity has been established by using sodium nitroprusside as a chromogenic reagent. The experiment indicates that in basic solution sodium nitroprusside can react with the oxidized product (obtained by the action of sodium hypochlorite) of metformin to form a green colored 1, 3 dinitrosyl-N&apos;-(iminomethyl)-N, N-dimethyl formamidine with maximum absorption at 680 nm. The test when compared with blank is sensitive for spectrophotometric detection of metformin up to 16.56 g in 10 mL solution. The reaction stoichiometric ratio of the oxidized product of metformin to sodium nitroprusside is 1:2. The reaction mechanism of the green product is discussed in present investigation. The proposed method has been successfully applied for identification of metformin in aqueous solution containing glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide and gliclazide. Because of the dissociative nature of the green colored product, for a large linear range of microgram concentration of metformin the absorbance of the green colored product is not found to be linear. Hence it can concluded from this analysis that sodium nitroprusside is not suitable chromogenic reagent for spectrophotometric determination of metformin in aqueous solution

Simple and Improved Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Paracetamol Using Sodium Nitroprusside Chromogenic Reagent

Abstract: A simple, rapid and improved visible spectrophotometric method has been proposed for determination of paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) in bulk drug. The experiment is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of paracetamol (PCT) to p-aminophenol (PAP) at elevated temperature and subsequent derivatization of PAP with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at room temperature to produce an intense green colored N-nitrosyl-O-nitrosyl-p-aminophenol chromophore for direct determination of PCT at 685 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell&apos;s sensitivity are observed as 5.933x10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and 0.0252 µg. cm -2 respectively for the chromophore. Beer&apos;s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 15-120 µg with linear regression equation as A= 0.009+0.003C (µg at 10 mL dilution). The percent recovery was found in the range 100.07-100.60%. The average of relative error and relative standard deviation are observed as 0.252% and 0.406% respectively. Reaction mechanism and reaction stoichiometry of the chromophoric reaction are discussed. The parameters with regard to determination of paracetamol by proposed method are optimized. Drugs like ibuprofen, aspirin and metformin do not interfere hence the proposed method is suitable for determination of PCT impurity in the said drugs