A review of nanotechnology with an emphasis on Nanoplex

;O uso da nanotecnologia baseada no desenvolvimento e na fabricação de nanoestruturas é uma abordagem que tem sido empregada para superar os desafios envolvidos nos sistemas de liberação de fármacos convencionais. A formulação de nanoplexos é a nova tendência na nanotecnologia. Um nanoplexo é um complexo formado pela nanopartícula do fármaco com poplieletrólito de carga oposta. Tanto fármacos catiônicos quanto aniônicos formam complexos com polieletrólitos opostamente carregados. Comparado com outras nanoestruturas, o rendimento dos nanoplexos é maior e a eficiência de complexação é melhor. Nanoplexos são, também. De mais fácil preparação. A formulação de nanoplexo é caracterizada pelo rendimento de produção, eficiência de complexação, carga do fármaco, tamanho de partícula e potencial zeta, utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, difração de raios X e estudos de diálise. Os nanoplexos têm aplicações amplas em diferentes campos, como terapia antineoplásica, liberação em terapia gênica, liberação cerebral de fármaco, liberação de fármacos protéicos e peptídicos.;;The use of nanotechnology based on the development and fabrication of nanostructures is one approach that has been employed to overcome the challenges involved with conventional drug delivery systems. Formulating Nanoplex is the new trend in nanotechnology. A nanoplex is a complex formed by a drug nanoparticle with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Both cationic and anionic drugs form complexes with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Compared with other nanostructures, the yield of Nanoplex is greater and the complexation efficiency is better. Nanoplex are also easier to prepare. Nanoplex formulation is characterized through the production yield, complexation efficiency, drug loading, particle size and zeta potential using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and dialysis studies. Nanoplex have wide-ranging applications in different fields such as cancer therapy, gene drug delivery, drug delivery to the brain and protein and peptide drug delivery.

NOVEL STRATEGY IN CONTROLLED GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY: IN-SITU FLOATING GEL

Attempts are made in research and development of sustained and controlled drug delivery systems to overcome physiological and unpredictable gastric empting time (GET). Such dosage forms are useful for the drugs with ‘narrow therapeutic index'. Formation of gel depends on factors such as temperature, pH, ionic cross linking and UV irradiation, from which drug is released in controlled or sustained manner. In-situ gelling systems is prominent among other novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), due to advantages such as sustained and prolonged drug action, improved patient compliance and reduced frequency of drug administration as compared to conventional drug delivery system. These polymeric formulations are in solution form before administration and then turns to gel form when comes in contact with gastric fluids. Various natural, biodegradable, biocompatible and water soluble polymers such as pectin, gallen gum, chitosan, poly-caprolactone, xyloglucane, poly-D, L-lactic acid, pluronic F 127, carbopol, etc makes this drug delivery most acceptable and useful. In-situ gel is fabricated for both local and systemic drug delivery at specific site of action. Various evaluations are recommended for in-situ gels mostly viscosity, buoyancy, gelling capacity and dissolution studies are performed. This review presents current trends in fabrication, evaluation parameters and importance of various drugs formulated as in-situ gelling system

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Influence of different fermentation conditions on the formulation and development of Amla (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Emblica officinalis</i> Gaertin.) wine</span>

254-259Amla wine is one of the most acidic alcoholic beverages prepared by using various fermentation conditions such as fermenting agent, temperature, duration, juice concentration variation or by addition of jaggery. In this present study, Amla wine was analyzed for titrable acidity, volatile acidity, free SO2 content, total soluble solids, pH, reducing sugar, alcohol content by GC, ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, etc. The marker constituent in Amla wine was identified by TLC, HPTLC, IR and antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The influence of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on self generated alcohol (SGA) content as ethanol was observed in range of 1.20-2.40%. Whereas by using flowers of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz as the source of fermenting yeast, ethanol reached up to 1.0-1.70%. Feeding of excess jaggery in the formulation increases the ethanol content up to 8.69% and 9.29%. The trace amount of SGA like n-butanol, n-propanol, iso-butanol and methanol were also determined. From this study, it can be concluded that phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin C were found abundant in the Amla wine, which may help in protecting the biological system against the free radicals and make immune system strong

Design Expert Assisted Formulation of Topical Bioadhesive Gel of Sertaconazole Nitrate

Purpose: The objective of this work was to develop a bioadhesive topical gel of sertaconazole nitrate with the help of response-surface approach. Methods: Experiments were performed according to a 3-level factorial design to evaluate the effects of two independent variables [amount of Carbapol 934 = X1) and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) = X2)] on the bioadhesive character of gel, rheological property of gel (consistency index), and in-vitro drug release. The best model was selected to fit the data. Results: Mathematical equation was generated by Design Expert® software for the model which assists in determining the effect of independent variables. Response surface plots were also generated by the software for analyzing effect of the independent variables on the response. The effect of formulation variables on the product characteristics can be easily predicted and precisely interpreted by using a 3-level factorial design and generated quadratic mathematical equations. Conclusion: On the basis of product characteristics viscosity, bioadhesiveness, permeation study, in-vitro release, in-vivo studies, TPA and spreadability it can be concluded that the best batch of topical bioadhesive gel of Sertaconazole nitrate would be with 1% Carbopol 934 and 1% NaCMC

A review of nanotechnology with an emphasis on Nanoplex

The use of nanotechnology based on the development and fabrication of nanostructures is one approach that has been employed to overcome the challenges involved with conventional drug delivery systems. Formulating Nanoplex is the new trend in nanotechnology. A nanoplex is a complex formed by a drug nanoparticle with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Both cationic and anionic drugs form complexes with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Compared with other nanostructures, the yield of Nanoplex is greater and the complexation efficiency is better. Nanoplex are also easier to prepare. Nanoplex formulation is characterized through the production yield, complexation efficiency, drug loading, particle size and zeta potential using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and dialysis studies. Nanoplex have wide-ranging applications in different fields such as cancer therapy, gene drug delivery, drug delivery to the brain and protein and peptide drug delivery.</p