(R2033) Resonant Curve Due to Perturbations of Geo-Synchronous Satellite including Effect of Earth’s Equatorial Ellipticity

In this paper, we have investigated resonant curve due to frequencies − angular rate of rotation of the Earth and the rate of change of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter. Perturbation equations are used to convert the non-linear equations of motion of geo-synchronous satellite to the linear form. With the help of graphs, we have shown the effect of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter on oscillatory amplitude and variation in orbital radius of satellite. By defining different perturbations, we have also drawn resonant curve due to frequencies steady-state orbital angular rate of satellite and the rate of change of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter. we have analyzed the undamped and unforced phase portrait and phase space by using the method of Poincare section. Finally, we have obtained energy integral and motion of the mean longitude for the geo-synchronous satellite in the set of axis rotating with Earth

Experimental probe into an automative engine run on waste cooking oil biodiesel blend at varying engine speeds

The present work attempts to evaluate the performance of an automotive diesel engine run on waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO) blend at variable engine speeds. The composition of the blend (B40) used in the study is 40% WCO and 60% diesel by volume and the engine used for the experimentation is a naturally aspirated, watercooled and direct injection type having a compression ratio of 18:1. The engine settings used in the study are an injection timing (IT) of 150 bTDC and a fuel injection pressure (IP) of 500 bar. The performance and emissions characteristics of the automotive engine are studied at various loads of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% and at different engine speeds of 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm. The first two rotational speeds are chosen to study the stationary power generation capabilities of the blend, while the feasibility of blend for automotive applications has been evaluated at 2400 rpm. Experiments have also been conducted on the engine run on mineral diesel fuel in order to make a comparative analysis. At full load, the maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is found to be 21.51%, 25.48% and 23.56% for the blend at 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm, respectively. At 2400 rpm and at 20% and 40% loads, the blend shows an absolute improvement in BTE of 0.17% and 0.03%, respectively over diesel fuel. On an average, there is a decrease of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 87.5%, 22.22% and 14.28% at 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm as compared to diesel fuel. At 1500 and 2400 rpm, there is an average absolute increase in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 1.6 ppm and 9.6 ppm, respectively; while at 1800 rpm, an average decrease in HC emissions by 4 ppm is observed vis-a-vis diesel fuel. While emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as compared to diesel fuel increased on an average by 19.43%, 26.09% and 1.01% at 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm, respectively

Recent trends in the nanozeolites-based oxygen concentrators and their application in respiratory disorders

Medical-grade oxygen is the basic need for all medical complications, especially in respiratory-based discomforts. There was a drastic increase in the demand for medical-grade oxygen during the current pandemic. The non-availability of medical-grade oxygen led to several complications, including death. The oxygen concentrator was only the last hope for the patient during COVID-19 pandemic around the globe. The demands also are everlasting during other microbial respiratory infections. The yield of oxygen using conventional molecular zeolites in the traditional oxygen concentrator process is less than the yield noticed when its nano-form is used. Nanotechnology has enlightened hope for the efficient production of oxygen by such oxygen concentrators. Here in the current review work, the authors have highlighted the basic structural features of oxygen concentrators along with the current working principle. Besides, it has been tried to bridge the gap between conventional oxygen concentrators and advanced ones by using nanotechnology. Nanoparticles being usually within 100 nm in size have a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them suitable adsorbents for oxygen. Here authors have suggested the use of nano zeolite in place of molecular zeolites in the oxygen concentrator for efficient delivery of oxygen by the oxygen concentrators

Emerging trends in the recovery of ferrospheres and plerospheres from coal fly ash waste and their emerging applications in environmental cleanup

Coal fly ash (CFA) is a major global problem due to its production in huge volumes. Fly ash has numerous toxic heavy metals; thus, it is considered a hazardous material. However, it also has several value-added minerals like ferrous, alumina, and silica along with other minerals. Fly ash also has several natural micro- to nano-structured materials; for instance, spherical ferrous-rich particles, cenospheres, plerospheres, carbon nanomaterials, and unburned soot. These micron- to nano-sized particles are formed from the molten slag of coal, followed by condensation. Among these particles, plerospheres which are hollow spherical particles, and ferrospheres which are ferrous-rich particles, have potential applications in the environmental cleanup, research, catalytic industries, and glass and ceramics industries. Additionally, these particles could be further surface-functionalized or purified for other applications. Moreover, these particles are widely explored for their potential in the army and other defense systems like lightweight materials and sensing The recovery of such particles from waste fly ash will make the process and remediation technology economically and environmentally friendly. The current review focuses on the various structural and elemental properties of ferrospheres and plerospheres from fly ash. This review also focuses on the emerging applications of both naturally formed materials in CFA

Bioethanol production from alkali-pretreated rice straw: effects on fermentation yield, structural characterization, and ethanol analysis

Current ethanol production technology has a dire need for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. The conversion requires pretreatment of the biomass, one of the most expensive steps, and thus it is quite necessary to identify the most cost-effective and high-efficiency conversion method. In this study, rice straw (RS) biomass was pretreated using 4% NaOH alkali, soaked for 4 h, and autoclaved for 30 min. The structural and morphological changes were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in both native and alkali-treated RS. The FTIR analysis revealed that native RS contains a considerable amount of lignin that was removed after the pretreatment process. The XRD pattern of the RS revealed an increasing crystallite size of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The study of SEM clearly showed the distorted structure and surface porosity after the pretreatment process. Enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was checked by comparing the commercial enzymes and microbial hydrolysis extracted from a fungal isolate. The best-reducing sugar yield obtained was 0.62 g/L, achieved at optimized conditions from the commercial enzymes. Fermentation efficiency was checked using the yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in both the native and pretreated substrate, and the highest ethanol concentration (21.45%) was achieved using 20% w/v biomass loading, enzyme loading (2:1:1), and fermentation for a week at 30°C and pH 4.5. This concentration was higher than that of the untreated RS (3.67%). The ethanol thus produced was further checked for analysis by the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods

Prevalence and Genotypes of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Large Ruminants of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India

Uttar Pradesh is the fourth largest, most populous and leading milk and meat producing state in India. Despite the huge livestock population, information on the status of paratuberculosis homogeneity and heterogeneity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolates of eastern Uttar Pradesh is non-existent. Present study was aimed to estimate the presence of MAP in large ruminants (Cattle and Buffaloes) of eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total 108 fecal samples were collected from farmer's herds of large ruminants (cattle and buffaloes) from different geographical regions (Chandauli, Mughalsarai, Gazipur, and Naugarh) of eastern Uttar Pradesh and screened for the presence of MAP infection using microscopic examination, direct IS900 PCR and culture on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) medium. The isolates recovered on HEY medium were subjected to molecular identification and genotyping using IS900 PCR and IS1311 PCR-REA method, respectively. Of the 108 fecal samples, 25 (23.14%) and 11 (10.18%) samples were positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Species-wise, 17.5, 7.5% and 26.5, 11.7% fecal samples from cattle and buffaloes were found positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Isolates recovered on HEY medium with mycobactin J were positive for IS900 sequence and genotyped as Bison Type using IS1311 PCR-REA method. Present study is the first report on the presence of MAP infection and ‘Bison Type' genotype of MAP in eastern Uttar Pradesh. These findings will be useful for the intervention of effective control measures in order to reduce the prevalence of MAP infection in domestic livestock species and prevent its spread to the human population in the regions

Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress

Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern in human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories of endocrine dysregulation within the adrenal glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, a comprehensive account of adrenal hormone disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, and adrenal tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association with oxidative stress. The review also delves into an examination of various nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and probiotics, and elucidates their role in mitigating the adverse effects of oxidative stress arising from imbalances in adrenal hormone levels. In conclusion, harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants has the potential to help with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in adrenal hormones. This could lead to new research and therapeutic interventions

Prevalence and genotypes of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in large ruminants of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India

Uttar Pradesh is the fourth largest, most populous and leading milk and meat producing state in India. Despite the huge livestock population, information on the status of paratuberculosis homogeneity and heterogeneity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolates of eastern Uttar Pradesh is non-existent. Present study was aimed to estimate the presence of MAP in large ruminants (Cattle and Buffaloes) of eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total 108 fecal samples were collected from farmer’s herds of large ruminants (cattle and buffaloes) from different geographical regions (Chandauli, Mughalsarai, Gazipur, and Naugarh) of eastern Uttar Pradesh and screened for the presence of MAP infection using microscopic examination, direct IS900 PCR and culture on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) medium. The isolates recovered on HEY medium were subjected to molecular identification and genotyping using IS900 PCR and IS1311 PCR-REA method, respectively. Of the 108 fecal samples, 25 (23.14%) and 11 (10.18%) samples were positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Species-wise, 17.5, 7.5% and 26.5, 11.7% fecal samples from cattle and buffaloes were found positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Isolates recovered on HEY medium with mycobactin J were positive for IS900 sequence and genotyped as Bison Type using IS1311 PCR-REA method. Present study is the first report on the presence of MAP infection and ‘Bison Type’ genotype of MAP in eastern Uttar Pradesh. These findings will be useful for the intervention of effective control measures in order to reduce the prevalence of MAP infection in domestic livestock species and prevent its spread to the human population in the regions

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) mediated green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their application in anticancer activity

Green synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn huge attention in the last decade due to their eco-friendly, biocompatible nature. Phyto-assisted synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is widespread in the field of nanomedicine, especially for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Here in the present research work, investigators have used the stem extract of the Himalayan plant Hippophae rhamnoides L, for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The synthesized of CuNPs were analyzed by using sophisticated instruments, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The size of the synthesized CuNPs was varying from 38 nm to 94 nm which were mainly spherical in shape. Further, the potential of the synthesized CuNPs was evaluated as an anticancer agent on the Hela cell lines, by performing an MTT assay. In the MTT assay, a concentration-dependent activity of CuNPs demonstrated the lower cell viability at 100 μg/mL and IC50 value at 48 μg/mL of HeLa cancer cell lines. In addition to this, apoptosis activity was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, Annexin V, and Propidium iodide (PI) staining, wherein the maximum ROS production was at a dose of 100 µg per mL of CuNPs with a higher intensity of green fluorescence. In both DAPI and PI staining, maximum nuclear condensation was observed with 100 μg/mL of CuNPs against HeLa cell lines

Oxidative stress, hormones, and effects of natural antioxidants on intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation. The etiology of IBD is multifactorial and results from a complex interplay between mucosal immunity, environmental factors, and host genetics. Future therapeutics for GI disorders, including IBD, that are driven by oxidative stress require a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the GI tract, oxidative stressors include infections and pro-inflammatory responses, which boost ROS generation by promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) represent two important signaling pathways in intestinal immune cells that regulate numerous physiological processes, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Natural antioxidant compounds exhibit ROS scavenging and increase antioxidant defense capacity to inhibit pro-oxidative enzymes, which may be useful in IBD treatment. In this review, we discuss various polyphenolic substances (such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, green tea flavonoids, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, luteolin, xanthohumol, genistein, alpinetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, silymarin), phenolic compounds including thymol, alkaloids such as berberine, storage polysaccharides such as tamarind xyloglucan, and other phytochemicals represented by isothiocyanate sulforaphane and food/spices (such as ginger, flaxseed oil), as well as antioxidant hormones like melatonin that target cellular signaling pathways to reduce intestinal inflammation occurring with IBD