AGENTES FITOTERÁPICOS NO CONTROLE DA ANSIEDADE EM ODONTOLOGIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Anxiety in dental patients is a problem for both dental surgeons and patients. Thus, therapies that aim to control this anxiety and thus favor the patient's collaboration during treatment become factors frequently studied in search of the best alternative for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this work is to review in the literature the use of herbal medicines in the control of dental anxiety. The bibliographic search was carried out in the databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scielo, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library. 57 articles were included in this study. Research evidence points to Valeriana officinalis and Passiflora incarnata as the most studied herbal medicines for controlling anxiety and adverse effects. Studies prove the relative safety in the use of these drugs, as well as their effectiveness, low cost, less concentration of active ingredients with better effects and lesser side effects when compared to benzodiazepines. However, the use of these medicinal plants requires further clarification as to their real effectiveness, correct dosage and side effects in conscious sedation in Dentistry.La ansiedad en los pacientes dentales es un problema tanto para los cirujanos dentales como para los pacientes. Así, las terapias que tienen como objetivo controlar esta ansiedad y así favorecer la colaboración del paciente durante el tratamiento se convierten en factores frecuentemente estudiados en busca de la mejor alternativa para tal fin. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es revisar en la literatura el uso de medicamentos a base de hierbas en el control de la ansiedad dental. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scielo, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library. En este estudio se incluyeron 57 artículos. La evidencia de la investigación apunta a Valeriana officinalis y Passiflora incarnata como las hierbas medicinales más estudiadas para controlar la ansiedad y los efectos adversos. Los estudios demuestran la relativa seguridad en el uso de estos fármacos, así como su efectividad, bajo costo, menor concentración de principios activos con mejores efectos y menores efectos secundarios en comparación con las benzodiazepinas. Sin embargo, el uso de estas plantas medicinales requiere una mayor aclaración en cuanto a su efectividad real, correcta dosificación y efectos secundarios en la sedación consciente en Odontología.A ansiedade em pacientes odontológicos é um problema tanto para os cirurgiões-dentistas quanto para os pacientes. Assim, terapias que visam controlar essa questão e, assim, favorecer a colaboração do paciente durante o tratamento, tornam-se fatores frequentemente estudados em busca da melhor alternativa para seu controle adequado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a literatura acerca do uso de fitoterápicos no controle da ansiedade odontológica. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scielo, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library. 57 artigos foram incluídos neste estudo. As evidências da pesquisa apontam a Valeriana officinalis e Passiflora incarnata como os fitoterápicos mais estudados para o controle da ansiedade, inclusive são investigados seus efeitos adversos. Estudos comprovam a relativa segurança no uso desses medicamentos, bem como sua eficácia, baixo custo, menor concentração de princípios ativos com melhores efeitos e menores efeitos colaterais quando comparados aos benzodiazepínicos. Porém, o uso dessas plantas medicinais requerem maiores esclarecimentos quanto à sua real eficácia, dosagem correta e efeitos colaterais na sedação consciente em Odontologia

Cytotoxicity, inflammation, biomineralization, and immunoexpression of IL-1β and TNF-α promoted by a new bioceramic cement

Aim: To evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and mineralization capacity of BIO-C PULPO, and MTA. Methodology: L929 fibroblasts were cultured and MTT assay was used to determine the material cytotoxicity on 6, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 male rats (Wistar) aged between 4 and 6 months, weighing between 250 and 300 g were used. Polyethylene tubes containing BIO-C PULPO, MTA, and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissue. After the experimental periods (7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days) the tubes were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α, and von Kossa staining, or without staining for polarized light analysis. The average number of inflammatory cells was quantified; the mineralization assessment was determined by the area marked in μm2 and semiquantitative immunolabeling analyses of IL-1β and TNF-α were performed. Then, data underwent statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results: It was observed that BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented cytocompatibility at 6, 24, and 48 similar or higher than control for all evaluated period. On periods 7 and 15 days, BIO-C PULPO was the material with the highest number of inflammatory cells (p<0.05). On periods 30, 60, and 90 days, BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented similar inflammatory reactions (p>0.05). No statistical differences were found between Control, BIO-C PULPO, and MTA for immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α in the different periods of analysis (p<0.05). Positive von Kossa staining and birefringent structures under polarized light were observed in all analyzed periods in contact with both materials, but larger mineralization area was found with BIO-C PULPO on day 90 (p<0.05). Conclusion: BIO-C PULPO was biocompatible and induced mineralization similar to MTA

Effect of intermittent PTH administration on bone tissue of rats irradiated

Orientador: Marcelo Rocha MarquesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: A deteriorização do tecido ósseo representa um dos efeitos colaterais da irradiação ionizante nas estruturas adjacentes às regiões irradiadas. O PTH (hormônio da paratireóide) é um hormônio vital na homeostase, de forma que é o principal regulador do metabolismo do íon cálcio. A administração intermitente deste hormônio pode induzir aumentos acentuados na formação de osso. Considerando a necessidade da regularização aos danos provocados ao tecido ósseo pela irradiação, o objeto deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração intermitente de PTH no tecido ósseo de ratos submetidos à irradiação de corpo inteiro. Foram utilizados 27 ratos divididos 3 grupos de 9 animais cada: Grupo Controle (CONT), Grupo Irradiado (RAD) e Grupo Irradiado+PTH (RAD+PTH). Após irradiação do corpo inteiro, com dose única, não letal de 8 Gy, foi administrado PTH de forma intermitente (dia sim/dia não) por 24 dias. Transcorridos os 24 dias de tratamento intermitente com PTH, os animais foram sacrificados e as tíbias, hemimandíbulas e fêmures removidos. Foi realizada a pesagem da tíbia e hemimandíbula direita, depois foram congeladas a -20ºC para posterior análise em microtomografia computadorizada (?CT). Na tíbia e hemimandíbula esquerda, foi realizada a análise histológica morfométrica da área óssea, número de osteócitos e osteoclastos; os fêmures foram submetidos aos ensaios mecânicos de microdureza Knnop, resistência à compressão e flexão. Os resultados mostraram que o Grupo CONT apresentou maior área óssea da cortical lingual do segundo molar que o Grupo RAD e RAD+PTH, e maior número de osteoclastos e área óssea da região de furca do primeiro molar em comparação ao Grupo RAD. Em uma análise histológica qualitativa da tíbia, o Grupo RAD e RAD+PTH apresentaram tecido adiposo em meio ao tecido medular. Grupo RAD+PTH apresentou melhor resposta no ensaio de resistência à compressão, necessitando de uma maior força (Newton) para causar a deformação no fêmur em comparação ao Grupo CONT e Grupo RAD. Na pesagem (grama) das peças, as tíbias apresentaram-se mais pesadas no RAD+PTH em relação ao RAD e CONT. Entretanto, houve uma queda acentuada no número de animais somente no Grupo RAD+PTH durante o tratamento com PTH, ocorrendo à morte de 6 dos 9 animais iniciais. Na análise por ?CT, os animais do Grupo RAD+PTH apresentaram maior volume ósseo da tíbia que os dos demais grupos. Estes resultados mostram que o PTH promove melhora nas propriedades ósseas pós-irradiação, entretanto a associação da administração de PTH com a irradiação de corpo inteiro pode ser letalAbstract: The deterioration of bone tissue adjacent to the irradiated regions is a common effect of ionizing radiation. PTH is the main regulator of the metabolism of calcium ion. The intermittent administration of this hormone can induce marked increases in bone formation. Considering the necessity of settling the damage caused by radiation to bone, the object of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent PTH administration on bone tissue quality of rats subjected to whole body irradiation. It was used 27 rats which were assigned in 3 groups of 9 animals: a Control group (CONT), Irradiantion Group (RAD) and Irradiantion+PTH Group (RAD+PTH). After whole body irradiation of single-dose non-lethal of 8 Gy, during 24 days it was administered PTH intermittently (one time per 48hs) to the RAD+PTH group, and placebo was administered to the other groups (CONT and RAD). After 24 day of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and tibias, femurs and mandible removed. Were weighed righ hemimandible and tibia, and then were frozen at -20 º C for further analysis in computed microtomography (?CT). Lefts tibias and hemimandibles were prepared to morphometric analysis of bone area, number of osteocytes and osteoclasts. Both femurs were submitted to mechanical tests: Knnop microhardness, compressive and bending test. The results showed that the CONT group showed greater cortical bone area in the hemimandibles and the RAD Group and RAD+PTH and increased number of osteoclasts and bone area of the furcation region of the first molar in compared to the RAD Group. In a qualitative histological analysis, RAD and RAD+PTH group showed that medullar tissue is replaced by adipose tissue. RAD+PTH group showed a better response in the compressive test, requiring more force (Newton) to cause deformation in the femur compared to the CONT and RAD Group. When the weighing (g) of the parts, the tibia showed up in the heavier RAD+PTH compared to RAD and CONT group. However, there was a large decrease in the number of animals only at RAD+PTH group during treatment with PTH, occurring 6 deaths of the 9 initial animals. The analysis by ?CT, animals of Group RAD+PTH had higher bone volume of the tibia that of other groups. These results show that PTH promotes improvement in bone quality after irradiation. However the association of PTH administration with whole body irradiation can be lethalDoutoradoHistologia e EmbriologiaDoutora em Biologia Buco-Denta

MTA versus Portland cement: review of literature

Introduction: Both Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) have been highlighted because of their favorable biological properties, with extensive applications in Endodontics, including the possibility of using into root canal filling. Objective: This article reviews literature related to MTA and PC comparing their physical, chemical and biological properties, as well as their indications. Literature review: Literature reports studies revealing the similarities between these materials’ properties, including both biocompatibility and bone repair induction. Moreover, there is the need for the development of a root canal sealer based on these materials (MTA and PC). Conclusion: MTA and CP show promissory perspective both in Dentistry and Endodontics

Biocompatibility of an experimental MTA sealer implanted in the rat subcutaneous: Quantitative and immunohistochemical evaluation

The tissue reaction promoted by an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate sealer (MTAS) in the rat subcutaneous was evaluated by morphological and morphometric analyses. In the animals from each group (n = 20), polyethylene tubes filled with MTAS, Portland cement (PC) or MTA were implanted in the dorsal subcutaneous. In the control group, empty tubes were implanted. After 7, 14, 30, and 60 days, the specimens were fixed and embedded in paraffin. In the HE-stained sections, the numerical density of inflammatory cells (IC) in the capsule was evaluated and statistical analyses performed (p = 0.05). The expression of osteopontin (OPN) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The von Kossa method for detection of calcified structures was also performed. A moderate inflammatory process in the capsule was seen in all groups, at 7 and 14 days. At 60 days, significant reduction in the number of IC was verified in comparison to initial periods; however, significant differences were not verified among the groups. OPN immunolabeling was observed in the fibroblasts cytoplasm of the capsule next to the implants. Structures von Kossa-positive were observed in the capsule adjacent to all materials implanted at 7, 14, and 30 days. The results strongly indicate that MTAS presents biocompatibility similarly to MTA and PC. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq