Clinical characteristics associated with relapse 2 years after electroconvulsive therapy for major depression

Objective: High relapse rates are observed after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for major depression. Identifying patients who are at increased risk for relapse to intensify their treatment regimen post-ECT might reduce relapse rates. We aimed to determine clinical characteristics that are associated with relapse within 2 years after successful ECT. Methods: Patients who remitted to ECT in a randomised controlled trial comparing adjuvant nortriptyline and placebo during a course of bilateral ECT were followed-up prospectively for 1 year with open-label nortriptyline (Dutch Trial Register NTR5579). Second-year follow-up data were collected retrospectively. Thirty-four patients were included in this follow-up cohort. To examine the association between clinical characteristics and the risk of relapse, unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Results: At 2 years post-ECT, the overall relapse rate was 50%, and the HRs for relapse in patients with psychotic features, a higher severity of depression, and medication resistance prior to ECT were 0.33 (CI 0.12–0.89; p = 0.029), 0.88 (CI 0.80–0.98; p = 0.014), and 4.48 (CI 1.28–15.73, p = 0.019), respectively. No effect was found for age, sex or episode duration on the relapse rate. Conclusions: Depressed patients with psychotic features, with higher symptom severity and without medication resistance prior to ECT have a significantly decreased risk of relapse after successful ECT. A sustained remission rate of 50% over 2 years in patients with severe major depression who were treated with nortriptyline monotherapy after successful ECT is encouraging.</p

Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures

Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles

Here, we present a compilation of 85 ice temperature profiles from 79 boreholes from the Greenland Ice Sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Only 25 profiles (32 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 profiles (68 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 85 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales, and are accompanied by extensive metadata. This metadata includes a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland Ice Sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process-level insight on simulated ice temperatures.ISSN:1994-0432ISSN:1994-044

Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.ISSN:1994-0416ISSN:1994-042

Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database

Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-Access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.</p

Report of the Workshop on Marine Strategy Framework Directive1 - Descriptor 3+ (WKMSFD1 D3), 4-8 July 2011 ICES Headquarters, Denmark. ICES CM 2011/ACOM:58

This is a short report of the first workshop in a process leading to a technical/scientific ICES report aiming to support EU Member States (MS) in the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The process will focus on Descriptor 3 (D3), commercially exploited fish and shellfish, but fisheries-related information relevant for the other Descriptors will also be identified and reported on. The work is led by a small Core Group of experts and, outputs of this and a second workshop involving regional case studies undertaken by the Core Group, will be used in pre-paring a final report. The final report will describe the process, assessment method-ologies and the key issues and decisions, as well as their implications for defining GES and environmental targets and indicators for D3.JRC.G.4-Maritime affair