759 research outputs found
Intracortical Dentate Fascia Grafts: Mossy Fiber Synapses in the Host Neocortex
Embryonic dentate fascia was grafted into a
cavity in the area of the adult rat neocortex
which represents the vibrissae (barrel field). We
wished to test the possibility of development of
connections between the two brain areas which
do not have synaptic or tissue contacts in situ
The unique characteristics of the giant synaptic
boutons of the dentate mossy fibers were used
for detection of the dentate synaptic contacts
with neocortical neurons at the electron
microscopic level. Ultrastructural analysis nine
months postgrafting has shown that the bundles
of mossy axons eter the host neocortex and
develop multiple terminal and en passant
contacts with typical characteristics. Neuronal
perikarya, large dendritic trunks and fine
caliber terminal dendritic branches were used
by the mossy fibers as postsynaptic targets, as
well as spines of various complexity and
configurations. The subsynaptic dendrites
seemed to be modified by synapsing giant
boutons. Accumulation of cytoplasmic organelles
was observed at these sites. Various bumps and
protuberances were formed by the subsynaptic
dendrite surface. The contents of these
appendages were variable; some of them
contained organeiles typical of dendroplasm,
while others were more spine-like, often with
inclusion of ribosomes. It is concluded that
mossy fibers growing into the host neocortex can
develop typical contacts with inappropriate
targets with all the ultrastructural features of
functional synapses
Young's modulus of polyelectrolyte multilayers from microcapsule swelling
We measure Young's modulus of a free polyelectrolyte multilayer film by
studying osmotically induced swelling of polyelectrolyte multilayer
microcapsules filled with the polyelectrolyte solution. Different filling
techniques and core templates were used for the capsule preparation. Varying
the concentration of the polyelectrolyte inside the capsule, its radius and the
shell thickness yielded an estimate of an upper limit for Young's modulus of
the order of 100 MPa. This corresponds to an elastomer and reflects strong
interactions between polyanions and polycations in the multilayer
Nonlinear acoustic waves in channels with variable cross sections
The point symmetry group is studied for the generalized Webster-type equation
describing non-linear acoustic waves in lossy channels with variable cross
sections. It is shown that, for certain types of cross section profiles, the
admitted symmetry group is extended and the invariant solutions corresponding
to these profiles are obtained. Approximate analytic solutions to the
generalized Webster equation are derived for channels with smoothly varying
cross sections and arbitrary initial conditions.Comment: Revtex4, 10 pages, 2 figure. This is an enlarged contribution to
Acoustical Physics, 2012, v.58, No.3, p.269-276 with modest stylistic
corrections introduced mainly in the Introduction and References. Several
typos were also correcte
Interannual variability of the Black Sea Proper oxygen and nutrients regime: The role of climatic and anthropogenic forcing
The Black Sea is a unique, stratified, enclosed ocean basin of great importance. The water column provides a wealth of information concerning aerobic-anaerobic biogeochemistry, the responses of which can have links to anthropogenic and climatic forcing. Herein, we synthesize dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrient data (phosphate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and silicate) for the period 1984-2010 received in the northeastern and western areas of the Sea. In the subsequent analysis we discuss the role of anthropogenic and climatic forcing in the context of the Black Sea oxic layer and oxic/anoxic interface characteristics.The DO concentration in the surface layer and in the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) decreased in warm periods and increased in cold periods, correlating to North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index variation. The biogeochemical regime of the Black Sea oxygenated upper layer has notably changed since 1999. After 1999 DO concentration in the CIL decreased by 20% while the concentrations in the surface layer changed very little. This provides evidence that the CIL waters were not fully replenished during the winters of the last decade.The nutrient concentrations (DIN and phosphate) in the surface layer decreased significantly in the 2000s compared with the 1980s-1990s. This decrease is regarded as improvement of the Black Sea ecosystem state. Oxygen and nutrient dynamics in the middle pycnocline have been decoupled since 1999. Presently physical (climatic) forcing is the dominant affecting factor controlling the Sea oxygen and nitrogen regime. Β© 2013 Elsevier Ltd
ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
The subject of the study is the intensity of targeted search queries as a leading indicator of bank deposits outflow. The goal is to propose a mechanism for accounting information about the dynamics of search queries, able to signal changes in the volumes of deposits of individuals. The study was conducted using time series analysis models. Statistical data of Rosstat, Bank of Russia, searches in Yandex wordstat, Google Trends for the period from February 2009 to May 2022 were used. The relationship between the intensity of targeted search queries and household decisions to withdraw money from deposits and bank accounts was revealed. An assessment of the short-term predictive ability of search queries on dynamics of deposits was carried out. The use of statistical indicators on the dynamics of targeted search queries as a leading indicator of the outflow of funds of the population from deposits in commercial banks is substantiated. It was revealed that the use of the intensity index of targeted search queries as a signal indicator of the outflow of the placed funds by the population increases the accuracy of forecasting on the horizon in 1 month by 0.15β0.25 p.p. to assess the dynamics of ruble deposits and by 0.20β0.35 p.p. to assess the dynamics of foreign currency deposits. The use of information from search queries for the management of commercial banks is especially useful in the event of a threat of a sharp outflow of deposits of the population. The obtained results indicate the prospects of using textual information, including targeted search queries in order to form leading indicators of deposits outflow of the population. Preventive identification of negative trends associated with the outflow of deposits of the population can ensure the credit institutionβs stability against negative macroeconomic influences.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π―Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ wordstat, Google Trends Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2009 ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉ 2022 Π³. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π² 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° 0,15β0,25 ΠΏ.ΠΏ. Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π° 0,20β0,35 ΠΏ.ΠΏ. Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
On discretization in time in simulations of particulate flows
We propose a time discretization scheme for a class of ordinary differential
equations arising in simulations of fluid/particle flows. The scheme is
intended to work robustly in the lubrication regime when the distance between
two particles immersed in the fluid or between a particle and the wall tends to
zero. The idea consists in introducing a small threshold for the particle-wall
distance below which the real trajectory of the particle is replaced by an
approximated one where the distance is kept equal to the threshold value. The
error of this approximation is estimated both theoretically and by numerical
experiments. Our time marching scheme can be easily incorporated into a full
simulation method where the velocity of the fluid is obtained by a numerical
solution to Stokes or Navier-Stokes equations. We also provide a derivation of
the asymptotic expansion for the lubrication force (used in our numerical
experiments) acting on a disk immersed in a Newtonian fluid and approaching the
wall. The method of this derivation is new and can be easily adapted to other
cases
Evaluating extreme flood characteristics of small mountainous basins of the Black Sea coastal area, Northern Caucasus
The probability of heavy rains and river floods is expected to increase with
time in the Northern Caucasus region. Densely populated areas in the valleys
of small mountainous watersheds already frequently suffer from catastrophic
peak floods caused by intense rains at higher elevations. This study aimed
at assessing the flood characteristics of several small basins in the
piedmont area of the Caucasus Mountains adjacent to the Black Sea coast
including ungauged Cemes River in the Novorossiysk city. The
Deterministic-Stochastic Modelling System which consists of hydrological
model Hydrograph and stochastic weather generator was applied to evaluate
extreme rainfall and runoff characteristics of 1% exceedance probability.
Rainfall intensity is shown to play more significant role than its depth in
formation of extreme flows within the studied region
Help for poisoning with sedative-hypnotic drugs (means)
The article discusses help in case of poisoning with sedative-hypnotic drugs, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of poisoning when they are taken.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΠΠ§, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°
Relevance. In the context of HIV epidemic, the number of cases of mycobacteriosis has increased.The objective was to study clinical and laboratory characteristics of mycobacteriosis in HIV patients; to present a clinical case of severe generalized mycobacteriosis.Methods and materials. Retrospective analysis of 48 cases from the archives of the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Β«S. P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases HospitalΒ» over the period from 2016 to 2018 was performed. The inclusion criterion was newly diagnosed mycobacteriosis. The following parameters were evaluated: HIV infection duration and stage; antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration; the primary syndrome and form of mycobacteriosis; laboratory and instrumental findings; causative pathogen verification methods.Results. Median number of CD4-lymphocytes (CD4 + ) was 6.9 cell/pl. In 33.3 % of patients, HIV infection was diagnosed within 1 year before the detection of mycobacteriosis. The primary syndromes were: febrile-toxic syndrome (72.9 %), bronchopulmonary syndrome (29.2 %), diarrhea syndrome (18.8 %), abdominal pain syndrome (10.4 %). Generalized myco-bacteriosis was diagnosed in 65.3 % patients. Anemia was registered in in 96 % patients, leukopenia β in 43.8 % patients. Lymphadenopathy of various localization was the most common instrumental finding (75 %). The diagnosis was confirmed bacteriologically in 70.8 % cases. Mycobacterium avium complex group was predominant (62.5 %). There were 18.8 % deaths.Conclusion. Mycobacteriosis developed in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. Clinical and laboratory findings were nonspecific. There was a trend towards generalization of infection. The proportion of deaths indicates the high importance of mycobacteriosis in the structure of mortality in HIV patients.Β ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ; ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ. Π Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· 48 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π° Π‘ΠΠ±ΠΠΠ£Π Β«ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌ. Π‘. Π. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Β» Π·Π° 2016 β 2018 Π³Π³. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ; Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ; Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°; Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ; ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° CD4-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²: 6,9 ΠΊΠ»/ΠΌΠΊΠ». Π£ 33,3 % ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ: Π»ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ (72,9 %), Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ (29,2 %), Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ (18,8 %), ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π±Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ (10,4 %). Π£ 65,3 % ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·. Π£ 96 % ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ, Ρ 43,8 % β Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (75 %). ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² 70,8 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Mycobacterium avium complex (62,5 %). ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² 18,8 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π².ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.
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Evaluating methane inventories by isotopic analysis in the London region
A thorough understanding of methane sources is necessary to accomplish methane reduction targets. Urban environments, where a large variety of methane sources coexist, are one of the most complex areas to investigate. Methane sources are characterised by specific Ξ΄13C-CH4 signatures, so high precision stable isotope analysis of atmospheric methane can be used to give a better understanding of urban sources and their partition in a source mix. Diurnal measurements of methane and carbon dioxide mole fraction, and isotopic values at Kingβs College London, enabled assessment of the isotopic signal of the source mix in central London. Surveys with a mobile measurement system in the London region were also carried out for detection of methane plumes at near ground level, in order to evaluate the spatial allocation of sources suggested by the inventories. The measured isotopic signal in central London (β45.7 Β±0.5β°) was more than 2β° higher than the isotopic value calculated using emission inventories and updated Ξ΄13C-CH4 signatures. Besides, during the mobile surveys, many gas leaks were identified that are not included in the inventories. This suggests that a revision of the source distribution given by the emission inventories is needed
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