A prospective clinical study of temporal manual small incision cataract surgery

INTRODUCTION: Blindness is a major public health problem1. It is a devastating physical condition with deep emotional and economic implications1. A blind person loses his or her independence and is prone to experience a sense of profound loss and depression arising from being plunged into darkness1. The family directly shares the economic burden and indirectly so does the community. Blindness is also associated with lower life expectancy. Cataract is responsible for 50% of blindness in the world; the overall prevalence rate varies from 1 to 4% of the population1. Cataract prevalence increases with age. As the world’s population ages, cataractinduced visual dysfunction and blindness is on increase.Cataract is a significant global problem of 21st century. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to To evaluate visual outcome of Temporal Manual Small incision Cataract Surgery To evaluate the intra-operative complications and their management. To evaluate the post-operative complications and their management. To assess the visual rehabilitation of the patients after cataract surgery MATERIALS AND METHODS: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective hospital based study SETTING: The study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital. DURATION OF STUDY: From October 2011 to September 2012 STUDY POPULATION: Adult patients in the age group between 45 to 70 years with senile cataract who have been operated in the department of ophthalmology CASE SELECTION: The cases were selected those cases who were operated on two days a week, on the author’s theatre day. The following inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in case selection. Similarity between cases was maintained as far as possible. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Adult patients, age group 35-75 Senile immature cataract, Senile hypermature cataract, Nuclear sclerosis 1-4 EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Cases that have not come for 6 weeks follow-up, Cases with pterygium, Cases with corneal pathology, Cases with very high astigmatism>2D, Cases with co-existing glaucoma, Cases with uveitis, Subluxated lens, Traumatic cataract, One eyed patients, Aphakia. STUDY DESIGN: Case selection is done using the above mentioned inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details of the cases were recorded. All the cases were evaluated using the routine preoperative evaluation protocol by the author. The protocol is as follows: 1. Visual acuity with pinhole 2. Intraocular pressure 3. Syringing of NLD 4. Ruling out of any foci of infection 5. Fundus examination (dilated pupil with IDO) 6. Slit lamp examination for nucleus grading 7. Keratometry 8. A Scan biometry 9. Blood pressure 10. Urine sample for sugar and albumin 11. Random blood sugar All the selected cases were operated by a single surgeon, who is well versed in all types of small incision cataract surgeries (manual &phaco and in both approaches, superior and temporal. This is done to avoid the compounding effect of the surgeon factor. All were operated under peribulbar anaesthesia using 3ml of 2% xylocaine with adrenalin 1:1000 dilution mixed with Bupivacaine. Two – needle technique was used. SUMMARY: A prospective clinical study of temporal manual small incision cataract surgery was done in the department of ophthalmology, Coimbatore medical college hospital from October 2011 to September 2012.the total number of cases studied was 83. The study group included patients in age group ranging from 35 years to 80 years and the mean age was 60.5 years. Female patients were 53 and male patients were 30 in the study group. The study was comprised of 28 senile mature cataract cases and 55 senile immature cataract cases. The study population had all three grades of nucleus sclerosis with grade III in 52 cases and grade IV in 12 cases. Nuclear sclerosis grade II was seen in 19 cases. The pre-operative visual acuity was <6/60 in 72 cases. Among them 15 cases had vision <1/60. A single surgeon operated for all the cases. Peribulbar anaesthesia was used in all the cases. The temporal sclerocorneal incision of 6.5 mm was used in 55 cases. The remaining 28 cases were operated through 6mm incision. CONCLUSION: In this study the evaluation of Temporal Manual Small incision Cataract Surgery was found to have the following outcomes: The Temporal Manual Small incision Cataract surgery is an effective and safe method of cataract extraction. The intra-operative complication rate was less, can be avoided by doing meticulous Hydroprocedures. The post-operative complications were less severe in nature and responded well to medical management. Early visual rehabilitation was attained in majority of the cases

An analytical cross sectional study on hypothyroidism in pregnancy, its maternal and fetal outcome

Background: Hypothyroidism is associated with maternal and fetal complications. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, maternal and fetal outcome in hypothyroidism. Objective of this study was to determine whether thyroid function test can be recommended as a universal or selective screening in pregnancy.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study with internal comparison carried out at Govt. Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital from September 2017 to July 2018 for antenatal mothers in third trimester. Serum TSH and freeT3, T4 in case of abnormal TSH were measured, grouped into subclinical and overt hypothyroidism and were treated with Levothyroxine. Six-week follow-up with TSH, pregnancy complications were observed.Results: 932 pregnant mothers were followed up. Prevalence of hypothyroidism was 10.5% (n = 98). Among the hypothyroid 62.24% (n = 61) had subclinical and 37.76% (n = 37) had overt hypothyroidism. The prevalence of anaemia was 35% in overt and 15% in subclinical hypothyroid group (p = 0.019). Preeclampsia is reported in 49% of overt and 16% of subclinical hypothyroid group (p = <0.001), statistically significant. Eclampsia was noted in 1 (1.64%) overt hypothyroid patient. Abruptio placenta was observed in 1 subclinical and 4 overt hypothyroid patients (5.1%). The incidence of preterm labour in this study subjects was 38% in overt and 20% in subclinical hypothyroid group (p = 0.048). The incidence of LBW fetus was 41% in overt hypothyroid and 21% in subclinical hypothyroid group (p = 0.041). The incidence of complication in this study was 41% in subclinical and 78% in overt hypothyroid group (p = <0.001).Conclusions: Early screening, adequate treatment and follow up will bring down maternal and fetal complications in hypothyroidism

Bilateral ovarian teratoma complicated with carcinosarcoma in a 68 year old woman: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Composing of less than 1% of all ovarian cancers, immature teratoma is a malignancy that mainly affects the young, and they present with advanced disease. The treatment of immature teratoma is conservative primary surgery usually involving unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by combination chemotherapy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>Here we present a case of a 68 year old woman with bilateral ovarian teratoma complicated with carcinosarcoma. The patient was diagnosed as FIGO stage IIIC. She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval cytoreduction followed by optimal cytoreduction. The post operative management strategies and gynaecological follow up studies revealed no evidence of regional or distant metastasis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Thus the choice of initial treatment should be decided in a selective fashion depending on various prognostic factors in order to increase the survival of the patients.</p

Evaluation of DNA Damage in the Buccal Cells of patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis using Comet Assay

BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is one of the potentially malignant disorders with a high chance of developing into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Several factors like as chili consumption, genetic susceptibility, autoimmunity, nutritional deficiency states and collagen disorders have also been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. However areca nut quid has been accepted today as a chief etiological factor for oral submucous fibrosis. The various components of areca nut have shown to have carcinogenic potential. Since the buccal epithelial cells are continuously exposed to the genotoxic agents in areca nut, tobacco, reactive oxygen species and nitrosamines, they are prone to undergo DNA damage which can lead to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hence detection of these subclinical DNA damages are of paramount importance to prevent the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis. Comet assay is a non-invasive technique that can serve as a powerful tool in the detection of these genetic level DNA damages. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the DNA damage in the buccal cells of patients with oral submucous fibrosis using comet assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects were recruited from the patients attending Vivekanandha Dental College for Women. Patients who were clinically diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis under standard diagnostic criteria were selected. The control group included age matched subjects without habits, other oral lesions and systemic illness. The study sample size included 60 subjects out of which 30 belonged to the OSF group and 30 to the control group. After obtaining their informed consent the cytological smears were collected from the individuals and subjected to the comet assay procedure to assess the DNA damage by measuring the tail length of the comets. RESULTS: The high average tail length of 2.25 μm was found in patients with OSF when compared to the control group who had an average tail length of 1.35 μm. There was a statistically significant increase in tail length with the duration of habit in the OSF patients. On comparing the tail length between males and females, a statistically significant increase in tail length was seen in males in the control group. CONCLUSION: Comet assay can be used as powerful screening tools to create awareness among the public about the deleterious effects of harmful habits on the oral mucosa and thereby aid in the prevention of oral cancer

An Early Detection-Warning System to Identify Speed Breakers and Bumpy Roads using Sensors In Smartphones

Speed breakers and bumpy roads are a major threat to drivers that questions their safety. The mishap happens because of no sign boards indicating the speed breaker, poor visibility at night and road works that are often carried out with no proper signs of road deviations and also the negligence of the driver. All these factors put the life of the persons in vain causing damage to the vehicle as well as life. Also, bumpy roads have become a problem for cars with less ground clearance. The focus of the paper is on designing an early warning system detecting both speed breaker humps and bad road conditions. The approach used in this paper is a real-time solution and is developed as an android service that runs in the background and relies on Google Maps application in the smartphone. This service will throw an alert giving early warning if the user is approaching the speed breaker or a bumpy road. Apart from just giving an early alert to the user, it also provides the user with an alternative and a better route. The solution proposed in this work is a form of crowdsourcing where users share and get data, therefore making the system cost effective

Detoxifying effect of Nelumbo nucifera and Aegle marmelos on hematological parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Nelumbo nucifera and Aegle marmelos on common carp exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of combined heavy metals (5 ppm) under laboratory conditions. The fish were treated with Nelumbo nucifera (500 mg/kg bwt) and Aegle marmelos (500 mg/kgbwt) for 30 days as a dietary supplement. The blood biochemical parameters of the fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, glucose, cholesterol, iron and copper. The findings of the present investigation showed significant increase in hemoglobin (p<0.001), RBC (p<0.01) and PCV (p<0.01) of herbal drug-treated groups compared with metal-exposed fish. Conversely, glucose and cholesterol level in blood of common carp showed significant reduction compared with heavy-metal-exposed groups. All the values measured in Nelumbo nucifera and Aegle marmelos treated fish were restored comparably to control fish. Our results confirmed that Nelumbo nucifera and Aegle marmelos provide a detoxification mechanism for heavy metals in common carp

Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi

This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes, where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla, nine classes, 31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera, 74 new species, three new combinations, two reference specimens, a re-circumscription of the epitype, and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections, new hosts and new geographical distributions. Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora, Brunneomurispora, Liua, Lonicericola, Neoeutypella, Paratrimmatostroma, Parazalerion, Proliferophorum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis, Septomelanconiella, Velebitea and Vicosamyces. Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius, A. langensis, Aleurodiscus patagonicus, Amanita flavoalba, A. subtropicana, Amphisphaeria mangrovei, Baorangia major, Bartalinia kunmingensis, Brunneofusispora sinensis, Brunneomurispora lonicerae, Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis, Clavulina thindii, Coniochaeta simbalensis, Conlarium thailandense, Coprinus trigonosporus, Liua muriformis, Cyphellophora filicis, Cytospora ulmicola, Dacrymyces invisibilis, Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis, Distoseptispora thysanolaenae, Emericellopsis koreana, Galiicola baoshanensis, Hygrocybe lucida, Hypoxylon teeravasati, Hyweljonesia indica, Keissleriella caraganae, Lactarius olivaceopallidus, Lactifluus midnapurensis, Lembosia brigadeirensis, Leptosphaeria urticae, Lonicericola hyaloseptispora, Lophiotrema mucilaginosis, Marasmiellus bicoloripes, Marasmius indojasminodorus, Micropeltis phetchaburiensis, Mucor orantomantidis, Murilentithecium lonicerae, Neobambusicola brunnea, Neoeutypella baoshanensis, Neoroussoella heveae, Neosetophoma lonicerae, Ophiobolus malleolus, Parabambusicola thysanolaenae, Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis, Parazalerion indica, Penicillium dokdoense, Peroneutypa mangrovei, Phaeosphaeria cycadis, Phanerochaete australosanguinea, Plectosphaerella kunmingensis, Plenodomus artemisiae, P. lijiangensis, Proliferophorum thailandicum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana, Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus, Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae, Robillarda mangiferae, Roussoella elaeicola, Russula choptae, R. uttarakhandia, Septomelanconiella thailandica, Spencermartinsia acericola, Sphaerellopsis isthmospora, Thozetella lithocarpi, Trechispora echinospora, Tremellochaete atlantica, Trichoderma koreanum, T. pinicola, T. rugulosum, Velebitea chrysotexta, Vicosamyces venturisporus, Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica. Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata, Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola. The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated. The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto- and histochemical analyses. The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time. In addition, the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes, A. melleialba, Amarenomyces dactylidis, Chaetosphaeria panamensis, Coniella vitis, Coprinopsis kubickae, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum var. calidus, Muyocopron lithocarpi, Neoroussoella solani, Periconia cortaderiae, Phragmocamarosporium hederae, Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola

High burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

CAPRISA, 2016.Abstract available in PDF file

Mídias Sociais e Administração Pública: Análise do sentimento social perante a atuação do governo federal brasileiro

Este estudo procurou identificar como a análise de sentimento, baseada em textos extraídos de mídias sociais, pode ser um instrumento de mensuração da opinião pública sobre a atuação do governo de forma a contribuir para a avaliação da administração pública. Trata-se de um estudo aplicado, interdisciplinar, exploratório, qualitativo e quantitativo. Foram revisadas as principais formulações teóricas e conceituais acerca do tema e realizadas demonstrações práticas, utilizando-se uma ferramenta de mineração de opinião que proporcionou precisão satisfatória no processamento de dados. Para fins de demonstração, foram selecionados temas que motivaram a realização da onda de protestos que envolveu milhões de pessoas no Brasil em junho de 2013. Foram coletadas, processadas e analisadas, aproximadamente, 130.000 mensagens postadas no Facebook e no Twitter sobre esses temas em dois períodos distintos. Por meio desta investigação, observou-se que a análise de sentimento pode revelar a opinião polarizada dos cidadãos quanto à atuação do governo