7 research outputs found

    Evolution of a low convergence collisional orogen: a review of Pyrenean orogenesis

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    The Pyrenees is a collisional orogen built by inversion of an immature rift system during convergence of the Iberian and European plates from Late Cretaceous to late Cenozoic. The full mountain belt consists of the pro-foreland southern Pyrenees and the retro-foreland northern Pyrenees, where the inverted lower Cretaceous rift system is mainly preserved. Due to low overall convergence and absence of oceanic subduction, this orogen preserves one of the best geological records of early orogenesis, the transition from early convergence to main collision and the transition from collision to post-convergence. During these transitional periods major changes in orogen behavior reflect evolving lithospheric processes and tectonic drivers. Contributions by the OROGEN project have shed new light on these critical periods, on the evolution of the orogen as a whole, and in particular on the early convergence stage. By integrating results of OROGEN with those of other recent collaborative projects in the Pyrenean domain (e.g., PYRAMID, PYROPE, RGF-Pyrénées), this paper offers a synthesis of current knowledge and debate on the evolution of this immature orogen as recorded in the synorogenic basins and fold and thrust belts of both the upper European and lower Iberian plates. Expanding insight on the role of salt tectonics at local to regional scales is summarised and discussed. Uncertainties involved in data compilation across a whole orogen using different datasets are discussed, for example for deriving shortening values and distribution

    Reconstruction of paleo-drainages of early peri-orogenic basins (Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene) from fluvial deposits in the eastern Pyrenean system

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    Lors de la phase prĂ©coce de l’orogĂšne pyrĂ©nĂ©en, la localisation et le calendrier de la mise en place des premiers reliefs pyrĂ©nĂ©ens restent incertains. L’enregistrement des dĂ©pĂŽts continentaux du CrĂ©tacĂ© terminal au PalĂ©ocĂšne dans les bassins pĂ©ri-orogĂ©niques du systĂšme pyrĂ©nĂ©en oriental permet d’observer les architectures fluviatiles pour (1) reconstruire les palĂ©o-drainages, (2) estimer les localisations des palĂ©o-reliefs, et (3) contraindre et comparer les flux sĂ©dimentaires dans le systĂšme. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans le Bassin de Tremp (Espagne), dans les CorbiĂšres, en Languedoc et en Provence (France). La premiĂšre partie de ce travail correspond Ă  l’analyse sĂ©dimentologique et la cartographie des objets permettant de rĂ©aliser des modĂšles de dĂ©pĂŽts et d‘estimer la provenance des sĂ©diments. La deuxiĂšme partie de ce travail consiste Ă  amĂ©liorer le calage stratigraphique de ces sĂ©ries continentales grĂące Ă  une analyse des variations du ÎŽ13Corg rĂ©alisĂ©e sur deux coupes de part et d’autre des PyrĂ©nĂ©es Orientales (Orcau-Talarn, en Espagne et Saint-Ser en Provence) du Campanien au Danien, en comparant le signal Ă  des coupes de rĂ©fĂ©rences marines. Ce travail a permis de montrer que du Campanien au Maastrichtien infĂ©rieur, les flux majeurs sont enregistrĂ©s dans la zone sud des CorbiĂšres et dans le bassin de Tremp ; au Maastrichtien supĂ©rieur, des flux locaux Ă©manent de petits reliefs actifs ; Ă  la transition CrĂ©tacĂ©-Tertiaire, l’ensemble de la zone enregistre une pĂ©riode lacustre plus importante dans le domaine nord ; au Dano-SĂ©landien, le systĂšme enregistre un flux majeur au nord du Bassin de Tremp et dans l’ ouest des CorbiĂšres, tandis que les petits reliefs actifs forment encore des sources locales dans toutes la zone septentrionale. Ainsi les palĂ©o-drainages montrent que la majoritĂ© des sĂ©diments proviennent en dĂ©but d’orogenĂšse d’abord des zones externes, et d’une zone proto-axial orientale, disparue lors de l’ouverture du Golfe du Lion, puis la rĂ©-activation d’anciennes structures au Nord et l’émersion des nappes au Sud engendrent la production locale de sĂ©diments et le partitionnement des flux. Il faut attendre le ThanĂ©tien moyen voire l’EocĂšne pour enregistrer des sĂ©diments de la zone axiale, soit environ 26 Ma aprĂšs le dĂ©but de la convergence.During the Pyrenean early orogenic phase of the Pyrenees, the location of the first Pyrenean reliefs and the timing of their establish development remain uncertain. The records of continental deposits from Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene in the peri-orogenic basins of the eastern Pyrenean system allows the definition of various fluvial architectures that lead to (1) reconstruct paleo-drainages, (2) estimate paleo-relief locations, and (3) constrain and compare sediment fluxes in the system. The study was conducted in the Tremp Basin (Spain), and in CorbiĂšres, in Languedoc and in Provence (France). The first part of this work corresponds to the sedimentological analysis and fluvial object mapping allowing the characterisation of depositional models and the estimation of sediment provenance. The second part of this work consists in improving the stratigraphic calibration of these continental series using the ÎŽ13Corg variations carried out on two sections on both sides of the Eastern Pyrenees (Orcau-Talarn, in Spain and Saint-Ser in Provence). Values were measured on Campanian to Danian deposits and compared to the signal of reference marine sections. This work shows that from the Campanian to the Lower Maastrichtian, the major fluxes are recorded in the southern area of the CorbiĂšres and in the Tremp Basin; in the Upper Maastrichtian, local fluxes emanated from small active reliefs; at the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition, the whole area records a lacustrine phase more important in the northern area; during the Dano-Selandian, the system records a major flux from the north of the Tremp Basin and in the west of the CorbiĂšres, while the small active reliefs still form local sources in the northern domain. Thus the paleo-drainages show that the majority of the sediments come at the beginning of the orogeny first from the external zones, and from an eastern proto-axial zone, disappeared during the opening of the Gulf of Lion. Then the re-activation of old structures in the north and the emergence of major thrusts in the south generated local production of sediments and partitioned fluxes. It is only during the mid-Thanetian or the Eocene that sediments were shed in the basins sourced from the axial zone, about 26 Ma after the beginning of the convergence

    Reconstruction des paléo-drainages des bassins précoces péri-orogéniques (Crétacé terminal-PaléocÚne) à partir des dépÎts fluviatiles dans le systÚme pyrénéen oriental

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    During the Pyrenean early orogenic phase of the Pyrenees, the location of the first Pyrenean reliefs and the timing of their establish development remain uncertain. The records of continental deposits from Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene in the peri-orogenic basins of the eastern Pyrenean system allows the definition of various fluvial architectures that lead to (1) reconstruct paleo-drainages, (2) estimate paleo-relief locations, and (3) constrain and compare sediment fluxes in the system. The study was conducted in the Tremp Basin (Spain), and in CorbiĂšres, in Languedoc and in Provence (France). The first part of this work corresponds to the sedimentological analysis and fluvial object mapping allowing the characterisation of depositional models and the estimation of sediment provenance. The second part of this work consists in improving the stratigraphic calibration of these continental series using the ÎŽ13Corg variations carried out on two sections on both sides of the Eastern Pyrenees (Orcau-Talarn, in Spain and Saint-Ser in Provence). Values were measured on Campanian to Danian deposits and compared to the signal of reference marine sections. This work shows that from the Campanian to the Lower Maastrichtian, the major fluxes are recorded in the southern area of the CorbiĂšres and in the Tremp Basin; in the Upper Maastrichtian, local fluxes emanated from small active reliefs; at the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition, the whole area records a lacustrine phase more important in the northern area; during the Dano-Selandian, the system records a major flux from the north of the Tremp Basin and in the west of the CorbiĂšres, while the small active reliefs still form local sources in the northern domain. Thus the paleo-drainages show that the majority of the sediments come at the beginning of the orogeny first from the external zones, and from an eastern proto-axial zone, disappeared during the opening of the Gulf of Lion. Then the re-activation of old structures in the north and the emergence of major thrusts in the south generated local production of sediments and partitioned fluxes. It is only during the mid-Thanetian or the Eocene that sediments were shed in the basins sourced from the axial zone, about 26 Ma after the beginning of the convergence.Lors de la phase prĂ©coce de l’orogĂšne pyrĂ©nĂ©en, la localisation et le calendrier de la mise en place des premiers reliefs pyrĂ©nĂ©ens restent incertains. L’enregistrement des dĂ©pĂŽts continentaux du CrĂ©tacĂ© terminal au PalĂ©ocĂšne dans les bassins pĂ©ri-orogĂ©niques du systĂšme pyrĂ©nĂ©en oriental permet d’observer les architectures fluviatiles pour (1) reconstruire les palĂ©o-drainages, (2) estimer les localisations des palĂ©o-reliefs, et (3) contraindre et comparer les flux sĂ©dimentaires dans le systĂšme. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans le Bassin de Tremp (Espagne), dans les CorbiĂšres, en Languedoc et en Provence (France). La premiĂšre partie de ce travail correspond Ă  l’analyse sĂ©dimentologique et la cartographie des objets permettant de rĂ©aliser des modĂšles de dĂ©pĂŽts et d‘estimer la provenance des sĂ©diments. La deuxiĂšme partie de ce travail consiste Ă  amĂ©liorer le calage stratigraphique de ces sĂ©ries continentales grĂące Ă  une analyse des variations du ÎŽ13Corg rĂ©alisĂ©e sur deux coupes de part et d’autre des PyrĂ©nĂ©es Orientales (Orcau-Talarn, en Espagne et Saint-Ser en Provence) du Campanien au Danien, en comparant le signal Ă  des coupes de rĂ©fĂ©rences marines. Ce travail a permis de montrer que du Campanien au Maastrichtien infĂ©rieur, les flux majeurs sont enregistrĂ©s dans la zone sud des CorbiĂšres et dans le bassin de Tremp ; au Maastrichtien supĂ©rieur, des flux locaux Ă©manent de petits reliefs actifs ; Ă  la transition CrĂ©tacĂ©-Tertiaire, l’ensemble de la zone enregistre une pĂ©riode lacustre plus importante dans le domaine nord ; au Dano-SĂ©landien, le systĂšme enregistre un flux majeur au nord du Bassin de Tremp et dans l’ ouest des CorbiĂšres, tandis que les petits reliefs actifs forment encore des sources locales dans toutes la zone septentrionale. Ainsi les palĂ©o-drainages montrent que la majoritĂ© des sĂ©diments proviennent en dĂ©but d’orogenĂšse d’abord des zones externes, et d’une zone proto-axial orientale, disparue lors de l’ouverture du Golfe du Lion, puis la rĂ©-activation d’anciennes structures au Nord et l’émersion des nappes au Sud engendrent la production locale de sĂ©diments et le partitionnement des flux. Il faut attendre le ThanĂ©tien moyen voire l’EocĂšne pour enregistrer des sĂ©diments de la zone axiale, soit environ 26 Ma aprĂšs le dĂ©but de la convergence

    Reconstruction of paleo-drainages of early peri-orogenic basins (Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene) from fluvial deposits in the eastern Pyrenean system

    No full text
    Lors de la phase prĂ©coce de l’orogĂšne pyrĂ©nĂ©en, la localisation et le calendrier de la mise en place des premiers reliefs pyrĂ©nĂ©ens restent incertains. L’enregistrement des dĂ©pĂŽts continentaux du CrĂ©tacĂ© terminal au PalĂ©ocĂšne dans les bassins pĂ©ri-orogĂ©niques du systĂšme pyrĂ©nĂ©en oriental permet d’observer les architectures fluviatiles pour (1) reconstruire les palĂ©o-drainages, (2) estimer les localisations des palĂ©o-reliefs, et (3) contraindre et comparer les flux sĂ©dimentaires dans le systĂšme. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans le Bassin de Tremp (Espagne), dans les CorbiĂšres, en Languedoc et en Provence (France). La premiĂšre partie de ce travail correspond Ă  l’analyse sĂ©dimentologique et la cartographie des objets permettant de rĂ©aliser des modĂšles de dĂ©pĂŽts et d‘estimer la provenance des sĂ©diments. La deuxiĂšme partie de ce travail consiste Ă  amĂ©liorer le calage stratigraphique de ces sĂ©ries continentales grĂące Ă  une analyse des variations du ÎŽ13Corg rĂ©alisĂ©e sur deux coupes de part et d’autre des PyrĂ©nĂ©es Orientales (Orcau-Talarn, en Espagne et Saint-Ser en Provence) du Campanien au Danien, en comparant le signal Ă  des coupes de rĂ©fĂ©rences marines. Ce travail a permis de montrer que du Campanien au Maastrichtien infĂ©rieur, les flux majeurs sont enregistrĂ©s dans la zone sud des CorbiĂšres et dans le bassin de Tremp ; au Maastrichtien supĂ©rieur, des flux locaux Ă©manent de petits reliefs actifs ; Ă  la transition CrĂ©tacĂ©-Tertiaire, l’ensemble de la zone enregistre une pĂ©riode lacustre plus importante dans le domaine nord ; au Dano-SĂ©landien, le systĂšme enregistre un flux majeur au nord du Bassin de Tremp et dans l’ ouest des CorbiĂšres, tandis que les petits reliefs actifs forment encore des sources locales dans toutes la zone septentrionale. Ainsi les palĂ©o-drainages montrent que la majoritĂ© des sĂ©diments proviennent en dĂ©but d’orogenĂšse d’abord des zones externes, et d’une zone proto-axial orientale, disparue lors de l’ouverture du Golfe du Lion, puis la rĂ©-activation d’anciennes structures au Nord et l’émersion des nappes au Sud engendrent la production locale de sĂ©diments et le partitionnement des flux. Il faut attendre le ThanĂ©tien moyen voire l’EocĂšne pour enregistrer des sĂ©diments de la zone axiale, soit environ 26 Ma aprĂšs le dĂ©but de la convergence.During the Pyrenean early orogenic phase of the Pyrenees, the location of the first Pyrenean reliefs and the timing of their establish development remain uncertain. The records of continental deposits from Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene in the peri-orogenic basins of the eastern Pyrenean system allows the definition of various fluvial architectures that lead to (1) reconstruct paleo-drainages, (2) estimate paleo-relief locations, and (3) constrain and compare sediment fluxes in the system. The study was conducted in the Tremp Basin (Spain), and in CorbiĂšres, in Languedoc and in Provence (France). The first part of this work corresponds to the sedimentological analysis and fluvial object mapping allowing the characterisation of depositional models and the estimation of sediment provenance. The second part of this work consists in improving the stratigraphic calibration of these continental series using the ÎŽ13Corg variations carried out on two sections on both sides of the Eastern Pyrenees (Orcau-Talarn, in Spain and Saint-Ser in Provence). Values were measured on Campanian to Danian deposits and compared to the signal of reference marine sections. This work shows that from the Campanian to the Lower Maastrichtian, the major fluxes are recorded in the southern area of the CorbiĂšres and in the Tremp Basin; in the Upper Maastrichtian, local fluxes emanated from small active reliefs; at the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition, the whole area records a lacustrine phase more important in the northern area; during the Dano-Selandian, the system records a major flux from the north of the Tremp Basin and in the west of the CorbiĂšres, while the small active reliefs still form local sources in the northern domain. Thus the paleo-drainages show that the majority of the sediments come at the beginning of the orogeny first from the external zones, and from an eastern proto-axial zone, disappeared during the opening of the Gulf of Lion. Then the re-activation of old structures in the north and the emergence of major thrusts in the south generated local production of sediments and partitioned fluxes. It is only during the mid-Thanetian or the Eocene that sediments were shed in the basins sourced from the axial zone, about 26 Ma after the beginning of the convergence

    Global carbon isotopic events in a Campanian–Maastrichtian deltaic succession (Tremp-Graus Basin, Spain) and multiproxy stratigraphy for high sedimentation rate environments

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    International audienceThe Campanian to Maastrichtian sedimentary succession of the Tremp-Graus Basin (NE Spain) is characterized by the offshore-to-prodeltaic upper Vallcarga Fm giving way to prograding deltaic units (the Aren Fm), which are overlain by transitional facies (the Grey Unit) that correspond to the basal part of the Tremp Group. This work aims to improve the stratigraphical scheme of these deposits using a new dataset of ή13Ccarb and ή13Corg, ή18O and TOC variations through time, supported by a new biostratigraphical analysis and compiling previous biostratigraphical and paleomagnetic data. The comparison of isotopic signals from marine reference sections where ή13Ccarb is well calibrated in the Tethys realm allows recognition of global isotopic events that can be used as correlative marker events. Significant high-frequency ή13C variations defined in the ή13Ccarb are identified in the studied succession despite the different sedimentary setting and some can be related to global geochemical events such as the Late Campanian Event (LCE) and the Campanian–Maastrichtian Boundary Event (CMBE), in good agreement with the magnetic chrons at the base of the Tremp Group, and with some new biostratigraphic constraints. From multiple geochemical and petrographic analysis of the organic matter we suggest that the geochemical signal corresponds to global changes, but at higher resolution, sedimentary dynamics are also reflected in the geochemical signals, particularly inputs of surface water in the deltaic signal

    Evolution of a low convergence collisional orogen: a review of Pyrenean orogenesis

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    International audienceThe Pyrenees is a collisional orogen built by inversion of an immature rift system during convergence of the Iberian and European plates from Late Cretaceous to late Cenozoic. The full mountain belt consists of the pro-foreland southern Pyrenees and the retro-foreland northern Pyrenees, where the inverted lower Cretaceous rift system is mainly preserved. Due to low overall convergence and absence of oceanic subduction, this orogen preserves one of the best geological records of early orogenesis, the transition from early convergence to main collision and the transition from collision to post-convergence. During these transitional periods major changes in orogen behavior reflect evolving lithospheric processes and tectonic drivers. Contributions by the OROGEN project have shed new light on these critical periods, on the evolution of the orogen as a whole, and in particular on the early convergence stage. By integrating results of OROGEN with those of other recent collaborative projects in the Pyrenean domain (e.g., PYRAMID, PYROPE, RGF-PyrĂ©nĂ©es), this paper offers a synthesis of current knowledge and debate on the evolution of this immature orogen as recorded in the synorogenic basins and fold and thrust belts of both the upper European and lower Iberian plates. Expanding insight on the role of salt tectonics at local to regional scales is summarised and discussed. Uncertainties involved in data compilation across a whole orogen using different datasets are discussed, for example for deriving shortening values and distribution.Les PyrĂ©nĂ©es sont un petit orogĂšne de collision Ă  faible convergence construit par inversion d’un systĂšme de rift immature au cours de la convergence des plaques ibĂ©rique et europĂ©enne du CrĂ©tacĂ© supĂ©rieur au CĂ©nozoĂŻque. La ceinture montagneuse comprend les PyrĂ©nĂ©es mĂ©ridionales (pro-avant-pays) et les PyrĂ©nĂ©es septentrionales (rĂ©tro-avant-pays), oĂč le systĂšme de rift hĂ©ritĂ© du CrĂ©tacĂ© infĂ©rieur est principalement prĂ©servĂ©. En raison de la faible convergence globale et de l’absence de subduction ocĂ©anique, l’orogĂšne pyrĂ©nĂ©en conserve l’un des meilleurs enregistrements gĂ©ologiques de l’orogenĂšse prĂ©coce, de la transition de la convergence prĂ©coce Ă  la collision principale et de la transition de la collision Ă  la post-convergence. Ces pĂ©riodes de transition enregistrent des changements majeurs dans le comportement de l’orogĂšne, reflĂ©tant l’évolution des processus lithosphĂ©riques et des moteurs tectoniques. Les contributions du projet OROGEN ont apportĂ© un nouvel Ă©clairage sur ces pĂ©riodes critiques, sur l’évolution de l’orogĂšne dans son ensemble, et en particulier sur la phase de convergence prĂ©coce. En intĂ©grant les rĂ©sultats d’OROGEN aux rĂ©sultats d’autres projets de recherche collaboratifs rĂ©cents sur le domaine pyrĂ©nĂ©en (PYRAMID, PYROPE, RGF-PyrĂ©nĂ©es), cet article propose une synthĂšse des connaissances actuelles et des dĂ©bats sur l’évolution de cet orogĂšne immature tel qu’enregistrĂ© en particulier dans les bassins synorogĂ©niques et les chaĂźnes plissĂ©es des plaques europĂ©ennes et ibĂ©riques. L’élargissement des connaissances sur le rĂŽle de la tectonique salifĂšre aux Ă©chelles locales et rĂ©gionales est rĂ©sumĂ© et discutĂ©. Les incertitudes impliquĂ©es dans la compilation des donnĂ©es sur l’ensemble d’un orogĂšne Ă  l’aide de diffĂ©rents ensembles de donnĂ©es sont discutĂ©es, par exemple pour estimer les valeurs de raccourcissement et sa distribution
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