141 research outputs found

    Comportement thermomécanique d'un béton ordinaire en compression cyclée : expérience et modélisation

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    International audienceLes faibles phĂ©nomĂšnes thermiques apparaissant lors d’essais de compression sur un bĂ©tonordinaire ont pu ĂȘtre observĂ©s par thermographie infrarouge. Pour leur modĂ©lisation etleur interprĂ©tation, il est proposĂ© une extension thermomĂ©canique du modĂšle Ă©lastiqueendommageable de M. FrĂ©mond et B. Nedjar. Elle permet un dialogue intĂ©ressant entreles rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux et ceux obtenus par simulation numĂ©rique.Infrared thermography observations permit to show thermal phenomena occurring on aplain concrete during a compressive test. A modelling of the thermomechanical behaviourof this materials is proposed as an extension of M. FrĂ©mond and B. Nedjar’s model. Itpermits an interesting dialog between the experimental results and those obtained bya numerical simulation of a simple compressive test

    Mise en évidence et quantification des couplages thermomécaniques réversibles et irréversibles dans les bétons sains et endommagés par des cycles gel-dégel

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    International audienceShowing and measuring of reversible or not thermomechanical couplings in undamaged and freezing/thawing damaged concrete We study thermal phenomena which occur during compressive loading tests on some damaged or not concrete. Two calorific effects are shown through an experimental study using infrared thermography. The first, intrinsically reversible, is due to the thermoelastic coupling. The second is due to damage concrete state.À partir de l'observation fine par thermographie infrarouge des phĂ©nomĂšnes thermiques mis en jeu lors de sollicitations de compression quasi-statiques, sont identifiĂ©es et quantifiĂ©es l'incidence de l'effet thermoĂ©lastique et celle de la dissipation intrinsĂšque associĂ©e Ă  l'Ă©tat d'endommagement d'un bĂ©ton ayant subi des cycles gel-dĂ©gel

    Mise en évidence par granularité en lumiÚre blanche de phénomÚnes de multilocalisation de la déformation pour les bétons de poudres réactivessollicités en traction

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    International audienceShowing of multilocalisation strain phenomena occurring in reactive powders concrete during tensile tests by digital speckle images correlation in lighting white mode From kinematic observations by granularity in whiting light mode based on a technique of digital speckle images correlation, the behaviour in tension of a reactive powders concrete is studied. The measures show several localisation areas of the deformation fields and the role of the fibres in the transmission of the stresses in the neighbourhood of a damaged area.Le comportement en traction d'un béton de poudres réactives est étudié à partir d'obser-vations cinématiques par granularité en lumiÚre blanche fondées sur une technique d'inter-corrélation d'images. Les mesures mettent en évidence pour des BPR suffisamment fibrés, à la différence des bétons ordinaires, l'apparition systématique de plusieurs zones de loca-lisation de la déformation et le rÎle des fibres dans la redistribution des efforts au voisinage d'une zone fissurée

    Bis(propane-1,3-diaminium) hexa­fluoridoferrate(III) fluoride trihydrate

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    The asymmetric unit of the title iron hybrid fluoride, (C3H12N2)2[FeF6]F·3H2O, contains two propane-1,3-diamin­ium [(H2dap)2+] cations, an octa­hedral [FeF6]3− anion, an isolated F− anion and three water mol­ecules of solvation. Each [FeF6]3− anion is surrounded by four separate hydrogen-bonded water mol­ecules in the equatorial sites and by five separate aminium cation donor groups. The axial F atoms are only involved in N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds, resulting in a three-dimensional structure

    New iron tetrazolate frameworks : synthesis temperature effect, thermal behaviour, Mössbauer and magnetic studies

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    The exploration of the FeF3/FeF2-Hamtetraz-HF system in dimethylformamide by solvothermal synthesis evidences two isostructural 3D hybrid fluoroferrates. They are prepared from the same starting mixture at two different synthesis temperatures: 120 °C for [Hdma]·(Fe4IIFeIIIF8(H2O)2(amtetraz)4) (1) and 140 °C for [Hdma]1.5·(Fe4.5IIFe0.5IIIF7(H2O)(HCOO)(amtetraz)4) (2). Both compounds are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray thermodiffraction, TGA analysis, Mössbauer spectrometry and SQUID magnetometry. They crystallize in the monoclinic system and are built from two distinct chains connected by aminotetrazolate anions. The first chain ∞(FeIIFN4) is common to 1 and 2 and can be found in numerous fluorides. In the second chain ∞(Fe3X12) (X = F, N, O), iron cations adopt both valence states Fe(II)/Fe(III). The hydrolysis of DMF implies the formation of a [Hdma]+ cation and a (HCOO)− anion. The presence of Fe3+ in both phases is evidenced by 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. The magnetic properties are studied and two transitions from a paramagnetic regime to a long range ordered state below 30 K and 5 K are identified.PostprintPeer reviewe

    Otkriće radio-valova i neki pravni aspekti radio-saobraćaja

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    International audienceA series of triazole fluoride weberites (M1−x2+Mx3+)M3+F5(Htaz)1−x(taz)x is obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. All phases are found to be isostructural to ZnAlF5(Htaz) by powder X-ray diffraction. Weberite structures are prone to induce the magnetic frustration of antiferromagnetic interactions originating from the cationic topology of HTB layers. The (nD) magnetic properties of (0D) Co–Ga, (1D) Zn–Fe, (3D) Fe–Ga, Mn–Fe, Co–Fe and Co–V couples are thus reported. Co2+ or Fe2+ magnetic anisotropy induces a negative magnetisation below TN and compensation temperatures for Mn–Fe and Co–Fe couples. All iron 3D magnetic phases exhibit high NĂ©el temperatures, between 81 K and 102 K, and large |ΞP/TN| ratios, signalling strong magnetic frustration. Their cation site occupancies and the deduced (de)protonation states of the amine are accurately determined by 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. In addition, this spectroscopy evidences a subtle effect of the atmosphere that surrounds the samples: the magnetic ordering temperatures TN decrease significantly when the samples are cooled under vacuum with respect to samples that are cooled at ambient pressure. This novel phenomenon, which is highlighted for all studied (3D) triazole iron weberites, is reversible, and thus provides promising perspectives for understanding the underlying mechanism

    Strong magnetic exchange and frustrated ferrimagnetic order in a weberite-type inorganic-organic hybrid fluoride

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    LC acknowledges the University of Liverpool for start-up funding and support. Work at the University of St Andrews was supported by a Leverhulme Research Project Grant. Access to beam time at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Delphine Toulemon, ITODYS, UMR7086 CNRS, Université Paris VII, for assistance with magnetisation measurements.We combine powder neutron diffraction, magnetometry and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry to determine the nuclear and magnetic structures of a strongly interacting weberite-type inorganic-organic hybrid fluoride, Fe2F5(Htaz). In this structure, Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations form magnetically frustrated hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) layers of corner sharing octahedra. Our powder neutron diffraction data reveal that, unlike its purely inorganic fluoride weberite counterparts which adopt a centrosymmetric Imma structure, the room- temperature nuclear structure of Fe2F5(Htaz) is best described by a non centrosymmetric Ima2 model with refined lattice parameters a = 9.1467(2) Å, b = 9.4641(2) Å and c = 7.4829(2) Å. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetisation measurements reveal that strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions prevail in Fe2F5(Htaz) leading to a magnetic ordering transition at TN = 93 K. Analysis of low-temperature powder neutron diffraction data indicates that below TN, the Fe2+ sublattice is ferromagnetic, with a moment of 4.1(1) ÎŒB per Fe2+ at 2 K, but that an antiferromagnetic component of 0.6(3) ÎŒB cants the main ferromagnetic component of Fe3+, which aligns antiferromagnetically to the Fe2+ sublattice. The zero-field and in-field Mössbauer spectra give clear evidence of an excess of high-spin Fe3+ species within the structure and a non collinear magnetic structure.PostprintPeer reviewe

    A Microscope Automated Fluidic System to Study Bacterial Processes in Real Time

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    Most time lapse microscopy experiments studying bacterial processes ie growth, progression through the cell cycle and motility have been performed on thin nutrient agar pads. An important limitation of this approach is that dynamic perturbations of the experimental conditions cannot be easily performed. In eukaryotic cell biology, fluidic approaches have been largely used to study the impact of rapid environmental perturbations on live cells and in real time. However, all these approaches are not easily applicable to bacterial cells because the substrata are in all cases specific and also because microfluidics nanotechnology requires a complex lithography for the study of micrometer sized bacterial cells. In fact, in many cases agar is the experimental solid substratum on which bacteria can move or even grow. For these reasons, we designed a novel hybrid micro fluidic device that combines a thin agar pad and a custom flow chamber. By studying several examples, we show that this system allows real time analysis of a broad array of biological processes such as growth, development and motility. Thus, the flow chamber system will be an essential tool to study any process that take place on an agar surface at the single cell level

    Prise en charge de la douleur induite par la vaccination chez le nourrisson (enquĂȘte quantitative auprĂšs des mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes de l'Allier sur les moyens de prĂ©vention de la douleur vaccinale)

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    La vaccination du nourrisson est un geste courant en mĂ©decine libĂ©rale. Celle-ci est responsable d'une douleur induite potentiellement Ă  l'origine d'effets secondaires Ă  plus ou moins long terme. Il s'agit d'une douleur prĂ©visible qui peut donc ĂȘtre accessible Ă  l'utilisation de moyens prĂ©ventifs. L'objectif de cette thĂšse est donc d'Ă©tudier la prise en charge de la douleur lors du geste vaccinal chez le nourrisson, en questionnant les mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes sur leur pratique habituelle de la vaccination et leur utilisation des moyens de prĂ©vention. Un questionnaire anonyme adressĂ© par voie postale Ă  317 mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes libĂ©raux dans l'Allier, a permis de rĂ©aliser une Ă©tude quantitative descriptive. Le taux de rĂ©ponse est de 66,8%. Les moyens mĂ©dicamenteux en prĂ©vention de la douleur vaccinale ne sont pas jugĂ©s nĂ©cessaires par 37% des mĂ©decins de notre Ă©tude. Les obstacles Ă  leur utilisation les plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©s sont une minimisation de cette douleur, l'inefficacitĂ© prĂ©sumĂ©e des moyens mĂ©dicamenteux, la crainte de leurs effets indĂ©sirables et le coĂ»t estimĂ© trop Ă©levĂ©. Certains moyens de prĂ©vention sont rarement utilisĂ©s par les mĂ©decins de notre Ă©tude (allaitement, solutions sucrĂ©es), d'autres sont utilisĂ©s plus couramment (Distraction, EMLAÂź, Succion non nutritive). Le paracĂ©tamol reste utilisĂ© souvent ou occasionnellement par 37% des mĂ©decins, malgrĂ© l'absence de preuve d'efficacitĂ© en prĂ©vention de la douleur vaccinale. Le quart supĂ©ro-externe de la fesse est le site d'injection estimĂ© le moins douloureux par 35% des mĂ©decins. Par ailleurs, l'attitude parentale ainsi que le type de vaccin sont souvent estimĂ© plus en lien avec la douleur que la technique vaccinale elle-mĂȘme. Les parents ont un rĂŽle important dans notre Ă©tude dans la prise en charge de la douleur vaccinale car ils influencent les mĂ©decins sur le choix d'utiliser ou non certains moyens prĂ©ventifs. Notre Ă©tude retrouve une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des pratiques concernant les moyens de prĂ©vention de la douleur vaccinale. Bien qu'un certain nombre de moyens aient prouvĂ© leur efficacitĂ© dans la prise en charge de la douleur, ils sont globalement sous utilisĂ©s, soit par septicisme de la part des mĂ©decins sur leur vĂ©ritable efficacitĂ© ou utilitĂ©, soit par manque d'habitude. Certains aspects techniques de la rĂ©alisation du geste vaccinal ainsi que l'attitude des parents peuvent Ă©galement influencer la douleur ressentie lors de la vaccination. Afin de faciliter la prise en charge de l'acte vaccinal, nous avons donc proposĂ© un guide Ă  destination des mĂ©decins sur les moyens de prĂ©vention de la douleur induite par la vaccination chez le nourrisson.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-SantĂ© (631132104) / SudocSudocFranceF
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