The City by the Pool

This volume offers a new and up-to-date synthesis of Lincoln's long history as a major city and regional capital, from prehistory to 1945. The 'City by the Pool' was a major religious centre long before the Roman invasion and from bronze-age shamans to early Baptists people have always been attracted here for spiritual as well as mundane purposes. The authors argue for the presence of a major ritual causeway of the late Bronze and Iron Age and outline the extent to which ritual monuments also contributed to the character of Roman Lincoln. This book is based on more than a hundred publicly-funded excavations and building surveys undertaken between 1945 and 2000. It surveys all aspects of city life, from housing and fortifications to the water supply and rubbish disposal. It includes a CD Rom with a Geographic Information System (GIS) and a relational data-base known as LARA (the Lincoln Archaeological Research Assessment)

The City by the Pool

This volume offers a new and up-to-date synthesis of Lincoln's long history as a major city and regional capital, from prehistory to 1945. The 'City by the Pool' was a major religious centre long before the Roman invasion and from bronze-age shamans to early Baptists people have always been attracted here for spiritual as well as mundane purposes. The authors argue for the presence of a major ritual causeway of the late Bronze and Iron Age and outline the extent to which ritual monuments also contributed to the character of Roman Lincoln. This book is based on more than a hundred publicly-funded excavations and building surveys undertaken between 1945 and 2000. It surveys all aspects of city life, from housing and fortifications to the water supply and rubbish disposal. It includes a CD Rom with a Geographic Information System (GIS) and a relational data-base known as LARA (the Lincoln Archaeological Research Assessment)

An ICA with reference approach in identification of genetic variation and associated brain networks

To address the statistical challenges associated with genome-wide association studies, we present an independent component analysis (ICA) with reference approach to target a specific genetic variation and associated brain networks. First, a small set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are empirically chosen to reflect a feature of interest and these SNPs are used as a reference when applying ICA to a full genomic SNP array. After extracting the genetic component maximally representing the characteristics of the reference, we test its association with brain networks in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The method was evaluated on both real and simulated datasets. Simulation demonstrates that ICA with reference can extract a specific genetic factor, even when the variance accounted for by such a factor is so small that a regular ICA fails. Our real data application from 48 schizophrenia patients (SZs) and 40 healthy controls (HCs) include 300K SNPs and fMRI images in an auditory oddball task. Using SNPs with allelic frequency difference in two groups as a reference, we extracted a genetic component that maximally differentiates patients from controls (p < 4 × 10−17), and discovered a brain functional network that was significantly associated with this genetic component (p < 1 × 10−4). The regions in the functional network mainly locate in the thalamus, anterior and posterior cingulate gyri. The contributing SNPs in the genetic factor mainly fall into two clusters centered at chromosome 7q21 and chromosome 5q35. The findings from the schizophrenia application are in concordance with previous knowledge about brain regions and gene function. All together, the results suggest that the ICA with reference can be particularly useful to explore the whole genome to find a specific factor of interest and further study its effect on brain

A datamining approach to identifying spatial patterns of phosphorus forms in the Stormwater Treatment Areas in the Everglades

The Everglades ecosystem in Florida, USA, is naturally phosphorus (P) limited, and faces threats of ecosystem change and associated losses to habitat, biodiversity, and ecosystem function if subjected to high inflows of P and other nutrients. In addition to changes in historic hydropattern, upstream agriculture (sugar cane, vegetable, citrus) and urbanization has placed the Everglades at risk due to nutrient-rich runoff. In response to this threat, the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) were constructed along the northern boundary of the Everglades as engineered ecological systems designed to retain P from water flowing into the Everglades. This research investigated data collected over a period from 2002 to 2014 from the interior of the STAs using data mining and analysis techniques including (a) exploratory methods such as Principal Component Analysis to test for patterns and groupings in the data, and (b) modelling approaches to test for predictive relationships between environmental variables. The purpose of this research was to reveal and compare spatial trends and relationships between environmental variables across the various treatment cells, flow-ways, and STAs. Common spatial patterns and their drivers indicated that the flow-ways do not function along simple linear gradients; instead forming zonal patterns of P distribution that may increasingly align with the predominant flow path over time. Findings also indicate that the primary drivers of the spatial distribution of P in many of these systems relate to soil characteristics. The results suggest that coupled cycles may be a key component of these systems; i.e. the movement and transformation of P is coupled to that of nitrogen (N)

Organizational learning and emotion: constructing collective meaning in support of strategic themes

Missing in the organizational learning literature is an integrative framework that reflects the emotional as well as the cognitive dynamics involved. Here, we take a step in this direction by focusing in depth over time (five years) on a selected organization which manufactures electronic equipment for the office industry. Drawing on personal construct theory, we define organizational learning as the collective re-construal of meaning in the direction of strategically significant themes. We suggest that emotions arise as members reflect on progress or lack of progress in achieving organizational learning. Our evidence suggests that invalidation – where organizational learning fails to correspond with expectations – gives rise to anxiety and frustration, while validation – where organizational learning is aligned with or exceeds expectations – evokes comfort or excitement. Our work aims to capture the key emotions involved as organizational learning proceeds

Metabolic Profiling of Heathland Plants in the Diet of Sheep

Little is known about how plant biochemistry influences the grazing behaviour of animals grazing heterogeneous vegetation communities. Furthermore, most biochemical profiles of grassland species are restricted to major nutritional characteristics. Recent developments in analytical techniques have made possible the detailed analysis of minor components, which can potentially affect animal feeding preferences, performance and health. Gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectroscopy (GC/TOF-MS) coupled with automated library annotation is ideally suited to the acquisition of detailed metabolite profiles of plant extracts (Wagner et al., 2003) and can be applied to other matrices such as blood and faeces. In this study GC/TOF-MS was used to identify metabolites within heathland plants, and to investigate which of these metabolites were present and absent within plasma and faeces from sheep consuming mixtures of these plants

Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane

A first-principle continuum-mechanics expression for the rolling friction coefficient is obtained for the rolling motion of a viscoelastic sphere on a hard plane. It relates the friction coefficient to the viscous and elastic constants of the sphere material. The relation obtained refers to the case when the deformation of the sphere $\xi$ is small, the velocity of the sphere $V$ is much less than the speed of sound in the material and when the characteristic time $\xi/V$ is much larger than the dissipative relaxation times of the viscoelastic material. To our knowledge this is the first ``first-principle'' expression of the rolling friction coefficient which does not contain empirical parameters.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

ANALYSIS OF THE DIURNAL EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF THE TOMATO CHLOROPHYLL alb BINDING PROTEIN GENES. INFLUENCE OF LIGHT and CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GENE FAMILY *

Steady-state mRNA levels of the chlorophyll alb binding ( cab ) proteins oscillate substantially during a diurnal cycle in tomato leaves. This accumulation pattern is also observed in complete darkness, supporting the hypothesis that the expression of cab genes is at least partially regulated by an endogenous rhythm (“biological clock”). The amplitude of the cab mRNA accumulation is dependent on the duration of illumination and the circadian phase in which light was applied to the tomato plants. These results at the molecular level correlate well with the photoperiodic phenomenon. The characterization of the expression pattern of individual members of the cab gene family was attempted. Distinct primer extension products were detected using specific oligonucleotides homologous to the cab 1, cab 4, cab 5 and cab 8 genes. Based on this analysis the transcription start sites of these genes were determined to be between position -70 and -9 upstream of the ATG codon. During the diurnal cycle the cab 1 and cab 4 genes exhibit the same expression pattern; no transcripts detected at 3 and 6 a.m., maximum mRNA levels were measured at noon and decreasing levels in the afternoon.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74852/1/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01752.x.pd

A Decentralized ComBat Algorithm and Applications to Functional Network Connectivity

Recent studies showed that working with neuroimage data collected from different research facilities or locations may incur additional source dependency, affecting the overall statistical power. This problem can be mitigated with data harmonization approaches. Recently, the ComBat method has become commonly adopted for various neuroimage modalities. While open neuroimaging datasets are becoming more common, a substantial amount of data is still unable to be shared for various reasons. In addition, current approaches require moving all the data to a central location, which requires additional resources and creates redundant copies of the same datasets. To address these issues, we propose a decentralized harmonization approach that does not create redundant copies of the original datasets and performs remote operations on the datasets separately without sharing any individual subject data, ensuring a certain level of privacy and reducing regulatory hurdles. We proposed a novel approach called “Decentralized ComBat” which can harmonize datasets separately without combining the datasets. We tested our model by harmonizing functional network connectivity datasets from two traumatic brain injury studies in a decentralized way. Also, we used simulations to analyze the performance and scalability of our model when the number of data collection sites increases. We compare the output with centralized ComBat and show that the proposed approach produces similar results, increasing the sensitivity of the functional network connectivity analysis and validating our approach. Simulations show that our model can be easily scaled to many more datasets based on the requirement. In sum, we believe this provides a powerful tool, further complementing open data and allowing for integrating public and private datasets