Evapofacies del Salar Hombre Muerto, Puna argentina: distribucion y genesis

En el presente trabajo se identifican, describen y se muestra la distribución areal de las facies y evapofacies asociadas al ambiente evaporítico del Salar Hombre Muerto, ubicado en el borde oriental de la Puna Austral, en una zona con una amplia difusión de yacimientos de boratos. El salar puede ser dividido en dos subcuencas, la occidental y la oriental, ambas separadas por el islote central de Farallón Catal. La subcuenca oriental es boratífera, con bajo contenido en cloruros, mientras que la subcuenca occidental presenta tanto en superficie como en profundidad potentes acumulaciones de halita (hasta 900 m) y es prácticamente estéril en boratos. Se plantean varias hipótesis sobre la génesis de la evapofacies boratífera, representada mineralógicamente por el borato ulexita. Esta es la evapofacies de interés económico y que se explota en el salar, donde además se extraen salmueras de litio.This paper identifies, describes and shows the areal distribution of facies and evapofacies associated with Salar Hombre Muerto, located in the eastern border of the Southern Puna, in an area with a wide diffusion of borates. The salar can be divided in two sub-basins, the western and the eastern, both separate for the central island of Farallón Catal. The eastern sub-basin is boratiferous, with low chlorides contained, while the western one shows a thick halite accumulation (up to 900 m) in surface and in depth and it is practically sterile in borates. Several hypothesis on the genesis of the boratiferous evapofacies, minerallogically represented by the borate ulexite, are proposed. This evapofacies is the economic interest mined area, where lithium brines are also extracted.Fil: Alonso, Ricardo Narciso. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Cs.naturales. Escuela de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Grupo Vinculado al INSUGEO- Centro de Estudios Geologicos Andinos; ArgentinaFil: Vinante, Daniel. Alexander Gold Group LTD; Argentin

The effectiveness of median nerve electrical stimulation in patients with disorders of consciousness:a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of median nerve electrical stimulation on consciousness level in subjects with disorders of consciousness. METHODS: Electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and PEDro, as well as manual search and gray literature were searched from inception until May 2019. We included only randomized controlled trials. Two reviewers independently conducted the search strategy, study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and evidence judgment quality. RESULTS: Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, no clear conclusion can be drawn about the intervention's effectiveness on the level of consciousness. One study reported a benefit of the intervention on the number of hospitalization days in the intensive care unit. Furthermore, another study reported a higher percentage of patients who regained consciousness six months from the event in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Due to the limited number of studies that met the inclusion criteria and overall high risk of bias, it is impossible to draw a definitive conclusion. The results of this systematic review should be used to improve future research in this field

Preferential expression of CD30 by human CD4+ T cells producing Th2-type cytokines

A large panel of human CD4+ T helper (Th) cell clones with established Th1, Th2, or Th0 profiles of cytokine secretion were examined for the expression of CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Th1 clones expressed poor or no CD30 mRNA, and showed low or undetectable expression of both membrane and soluble CD30 (sCD30) protein, whereas Th2 clones showed both CD30 mRNA and membrane CD30 and released substantial amounts of sCD30. Th0 clones exhibited an intermediate pattern of CD30 expression and release. When T cells from the same donor were stimulated with three different antigens (purified protein derivative, PPD; Toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigen, TES; Lolium perenne group I, Lol p I), production of high concentrations of IFN-gamma, but not expression of CD30 or production of IL-4 and IL-5, were observed at any time after stimulation with PPD. In contrast, both CD30 expression and production of IL-4 and IL-5, but not of IFN-gamma, were concomitantly detectable in TES- and Lol p I-reactive T cells, suggesting a temporal relationship between CD30 expression and beginning of Th2-type cytokine production. Finally, CD4+CD30+ T cells specific for Lol p I and inducible to production of Th2-type cytokines were sorted out from the circulation of grass-sensitive patients in concomitance with the onset of allergic symptoms during the seasonal exposure to grass pollen. Thus, CD30 expression appears to be associated with the differentiation/activation pathway of human T cells producing Th2-type cytokines

High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohn’s disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohn’s perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque Associé aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29–40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistula–related cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer