Higher vertical jumping asymmetries and lower physical performance are indicators of increased injury incidence in youth team-sport athletes

To date, the literature looking at the association between injury-risk factors and actual injury incidence in young elite team-sports athletes is scarce. The main objective of the present study was to examine how modifiable factors may affect injury incidence. Eighty-one young elite team-sports athletes (age: u-14 to u-18) performed the countermovement jump (CMJ), a single leg CMJ (SLCMJ), the one-legged hop test (OLHT), a 30 m sprint test, the v-cut test, a repeated sprint ability and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test during the pre-season period. Inter-limb asymmetries were calculated for SLCMJ and OLHT. Injuries were recorded prospectively for the entirety of the 2017-2018 season. Comparison of injury and non-injury data was carried out using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of the ANOVA according to injury showed significant differences in CMJ (p = 0.01), SLCMJ on the lowest performing limb (p = 0.03) and SLCMJ asymmetry (< 0.001). Sex*injury interaction was significant from CMJ (p = 0.018) and 30-15 IFT (p = < 0.001). In conclusion, the current study indicated that athletes with greater inter-limb asymmetries, less vertical jump capacity and lower intermittent aerobic fitness had a greater predisposition to injury. Therefore, monitoring CMJ, aerobic performance and inter-limb asymmetries is recommended given their sensitivity to detect significant differences between injured and healthy youth athletes

Influence of transport duration and season on sensory meat quality in rabbits

Little is known about the effect that journey duration and position on the vehicle have on the sensory aspects of meat quality in rabbits. In this study, 156 rabbits were transported by road in a commercial truck for 1 h or 7 h in one of three replicates in summer or winter. After slaughter, slices from the left side of the longissimus dorsi muscle were vacuum-packaged and chilled at -18 ºC until the sensory analysis to assess odour, tenderness, juiciness, fibrousity, greasiness, and flavour intensity. Overall, the journey duration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on tenderness, fi brousity and overall liking of the meat, being better the results of the meat samples from the short transport treatment. Season had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the intensity of off-odours, being obtained the highest scores in summer transports. There was a significant interaction effect (P<0.05) of journey time and season on tenderness and meat odour. Therefore, meat from short journeys in summer was the most tender, and meat from long journeys in winter was the toughest. The position on the truck (in multi-layered cages) do not influence sensory meat quality. Therefore, rabbit sensory meat quality can be affected by transport time.Funded by CICYT Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain. Project AGL 2002-01346 COTRANSMaría, GA.; Liste, G.; Campo, M.; Villarroel, M.; Sañudo, C.; Olleta, J.; Alierta, S. (2010). Influence of transport duration and season on sensory meat quality in rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 16(2). doi:10.4995/wrs.2008.63016

A percentagem ideal de carneiros e o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas Corriedale submetidas à monta natural durante a estação reprodutiva no Sul do Brasil.

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Detecção de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando a técnica de REP-PCR no monitoramento da qualidade do leite de cabra.

Resumo: Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de aplicar a técnica de REP-PCR no monitoramento da qualidade do leite de cabra por meio da detecção de Staphylococcus aureus em amostras de mãos de ordenhador, tetos das cabras, leite, ordenhadeira e água para estabelecimento e implantação do sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC). Verificaram-se vários fingerprints de todos os isolados coletados das diferentes fontes estudadas (mãos de ordenhador, tetos das cabras, leite, ordenhadeira e água). Observaram-se comportamentos muito similares das bandas, o que indica que os isolados podem ser relatados como clones epidemiológicos. As mãos do ordenhador caracterizaram-se como ponto crítico de controle, pois se destacaram como iniciador de contaminação nas amostras Staphylococcus aureus. A técnica demonstrou ser eficiente para a análise da similaridade entre indivíduos da espécie Staphylococcus aureus e, portanto, constitui ferramenta útil para investigação de falhas no manejo e na busca de controle mais eficiente para evitar ou reduzir a disseminação de microrganismos patogênicos causadores de sérias enfermidades em humanos e animais, que muitas vezes podem ser transmitidas por produtos como o leite e seus derivados. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus using the REP-PCR technique to monitor goat milk quality. Abstract: The objective of the present study was to apply REP-PCR sequences in the monitoring goat milk quality, by detecting Staphylococcus aureus, in samples of from milker hands, goat teats, milk, milking machine and water, for the future establishment and implantation of the system of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). Several fingerprints were verified of all the isolates collected from the different sources studied (milker hands, goat teats, milk, milking machine and water). Very similar band behaviors were observed that indicated that the isolates can be reported as epidemic clones. Milker's hands were was characterized as a critical control point (CCP), because it stands out as an initial point of contamination in the Staphylococcus aureus samples. The technique was shown to be efficient for the similarity analysis among individuals of the Staphylococcus aureus species, and is therefore a useful tool for investigation of management faults and consequently, in the search for more efficient control to prevent or minimize the spread of pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious illnesses in humans and animals that can be transmitted through products such as milk and its products

Consumer Attitudes Toward Animal Welfare-Friendly Products and Willingness to Pay: Exploration of Mexican Market Segments

The study aim was to identify consumer segmentation based on nonhuman animal welfare (AW) attitudes and their relationship with demographic features and willingness to pay (WTP) for welfare-friendly products (WFP) in Mexico. Personal interviews were conducted with 843 Mexican consumers who stated they purchased most of the animal products in their home. Respondents were selected using a quota sampling method with age, gender, education, and origin as quota control variables. The multivariate analysis suggested there were three clusters or consumer profiles labeled "skeptical, " "concerned, " and "ethical, " which helped explain the association between AW attitudes, some demographic variables, and WTP for WFP. This study is one of the first to address consumer profiling in Latin America, and the findings could have implications for the commercialization of WFP. Hence, customers should receive information to consider welfare innovations when deciding to purchase animal products. The growth of the WFP food market establishes an element of a far more multifaceted phenomenon of sustainable consumption and support of a new paradigm called responsible marketing in emerging markets such as Mexico

Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pediatric septic shock

OBJECTIVES: Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been linked to immune dysregulation and organ failure in adult sepsis, but pediatric data are limited. We hypothesized that pediatric septic shock patients exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction within peripheral blood mononuclear cells which in turn correlates with global organ injury. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Academic PICU. PATIENTS: Thirteen pediatric patients with septic shock and greater than or equal to two organ failures and 11 PICU controls without sepsis or organ failure. INTERVENTIONS: Ex vivo measurements of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (DeltaPsim) were performed in intact peripheral blood mononuclear cells on day 1-2 and day 5-7 of septic illness and in controls. The Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, inotrope score, and organ failure-free days were determined from medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Spare respiratory capacity, an index of bioenergetic reserve, was lower in septic peripheral blood mononuclear cells on day 1-2 (median, 1.81; interquartile range, 0.52-2.09 pmol O2/s/10 cells) compared with controls (5.55; 2.80-7.21; p = 0.03). Spare respiratory capacity normalized by day 5-7. Patients with sepsis on day 1-2 exhibited a higher ratio of LEAK to maximal respiration than controls (17% vs \u3c 1%; p = 0.047) with normalization by day 5-7 (1%; p = 0.008), suggesting mitochondrial uncoupling early in sepsis. However, septic peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited no differences in basal or adenosine triphosphate-linked oxygen consumption or DeltaPsim. Oxygen consumption did not correlate with Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, inotrope score, or organ failure-free days (all p \u3e 0.05). Although there was a weak overall association between DeltaPsim on day 1-2 and organ failure-free days (Spearman rho = 0.56, p = 0.06), patients with sepsis with normal organ function by day 7 exhibited higher DeltaPsim on day 1-2 compared with patients with organ failure for more than 7 days (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Mitochondrial dysfunction was present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pediatric sepsis, evidenced by decreased bioenergetic reserve and increased uncoupling. Mitochondrial membrane potential, but not respiration, was associated with duration of organ injury

Effects of alternative bedding substrates on lamb welfare, productive performance, and meat quality during the finishing phase of fattening

The study analyzed the effect of using sawdust, cellulose, straw, and rice husk bedding on the welfare, performance and meat quality of lambs during the finishing phase of fattening. Ninety-six lambs (fed ad libitum with concentrate) were assigned to pens containing 1 of 4 bedding materials in groups of 12 for 14 days. Live weight and feed consumption were recorded to estimate daily gain and conversion index, and carcass and meat quality variables were measured. Stereotypies, exploratory interactions with bedding material, and agonistic and affiliative interactions between animals were recorded by continuous sampling techniques using video recording. The substrates affected behavior and stress response variables. There were more stereotypies and agonistic interactions at the beginning of the experiment in all treatments (P ≤ 0.05). The lambs fattened on cellulose bedding interacted more with the substrate throughout the finishing stage (P ≤ 0.05), where there were also more affiliative interactions (P ≤ 0.05). Stress levels were lower in lambs on straw, followed by cellulose. No significant differences in production or carcass and meat quality traits were observed between treatments. The results suggest that all substrates evaluated could be efficiently incorporated into the system as bedding material without affecting productivity or product quality

Multiband optical variability of the blazar OJ 287 during its outbursts in 2015 -- 2016

We present recent optical photometric observations of the blazar OJ 287 taken during September 2015 -- May 2016. Our intense observations of the blazar started in November 2015 and continued until May 2016 and included detection of the large optical outburst in December 2016 that was predicted using the binary black hole model for OJ 287. For our observing campaign, we used a total of 9 ground based optical telescopes of which one is in Japan, one is in India, three are in Bulgaria, one is in Serbia, one is in Georgia, and two are in the USA. These observations were carried out in 102 nights with a total of ~ 1000 image frames in BVRI bands, though the majority were in the R band. We detected a second comparably strong flare in March 2016. In addition, we investigated multi-band flux variations, colour variations, and spectral changes in the blazar on diverse timescales as they are useful in understanding the emission mechanisms. We briefly discuss the possible physical mechanisms most likely responsible for the observed flux, colour and spectral variability.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRA

Dispersionless limit of the noncommutative potential KP hierarchy and solutions of the pseudodual chiral model in 2+1 dimensions

The usual dispersionless limit of the KP hierarchy does not work in the case where the dependent variable has values in a noncommutative (e.g. matrix) algebra. Passing over to the potential KP hierarchy, there is a corresponding scaling limit in the noncommutative case, which turns out to be the hierarchy of a `pseudodual chiral model' in 2+1 dimensions (`pseudodual' to a hierarchy extending Ward's (modified) integrable chiral model). Applying the scaling procedure to a method generating exact solutions of a matrix (potential) KP hierarchy from solutions of a matrix linear heat hierarchy, leads to a corresponding method that generates exact solutions of the matrix dispersionless potential KP hierarchy, i.e. the pseudodual chiral model hierarchy. We use this result to construct classes of exact solutions of the su(m) pseudodual chiral model in 2+1 dimensions, including various multiple lump configurations.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, 2nd version: some extensions (Fig 3, Appendix A, additional references), 3rd version: some minor changes, additional reference