Recursos financieros de los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados: Caso de estudio Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales

The better management of the different levels of government, in which there is a direct relationship with citizens, led to a new model of assuming and executing competencies. Decentralization brought a different distribution of resources based on the characteristics of the territory and on equity, but it also left a continuous work that the Decentralized Autonomous Governments (GAD) must carry out to strengthen their institutional and financial capacities. Hence the importance of strengthening the finances of the GAD through its management with a focus on its main own income. The quantitative analysis based on the municipal GAD states that although it is true that in the period between 2006-2015 its income has increased and the dependency index has been gradually decreasing, however this decrease is short, because the index is located in 77%. Undoubtedly, the management by the municipal GADs in strengthening their finances has resulted in an increase in collection for their main own income, that is, taxes (property tax, patents and total assets), reaching a greater representation in relation to gross domestic product (GDP).El conllevar de mejor manera la gestión de los diferentes niveles de gobierno, en la cual se tenga una relación directa con la ciudadanía, originó un nuevo modelo de asumir y ejecutar competencias. La descentralización trajo consigo una distribución diferente de recursos basada en las características propias del territorio y en la equidad, pero también dejo inmerso el trabajo continuo que los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados (GAD) deben realizar para fortalecer sus capacidades institucionales y financieras. De ahí la importancia del fortalecimiento de las finanzas de los GAD a través de su gestión con enfoque en sus principales ingresos propios. El análisis cuantitativo basado en los GAD municipales refiere que si bien es cierto en el periodo entre 2006–2015 los ingresos propios han incrementado y el índice de dependencia ha ido disminuyendo paulatinamente, no obstante esta disminución es corta, debido a que el índice se sitúa en 77%. Es indudable que la gestión por parte de los GAD municipales en fortalecer sus finanzas se ha traducido en un incremento de recaudación por concepto de sus principales ingresos propios, es decir, los tributos (impuesto predial, patentes y activos totales), llegando a tener una mayor representatividad en relación al producto interno bruto (PIB)

Análise geoestratégica de Portugal

Este artigo consiste numa breve caracterização de Portugal, nos planos físico, demográfico, cultural, político e económico. Enumera os objectivos geoestratégicos, distinguindo os objectivos permanentes e os objectivos actuais, identificando as ameaças e contemplando as chamadas novas ameaças. Destaca também alguns dos aspectos geoestratégicos julgados mais significativos, considerados em cinco dimensões espaciais: nacional, lusófona, oeste-europeia, norte-atlântica e globa

Una exploración de la parentalidad en la Modernidad líquida

While chemical contraception made “sex without reproduction” possible, new reproductive technologies facilitate “reproduction without sex”, which at the same time enables a formidable range of apparently naturalized family configurations, in liquid modernity. We are currently assisting in the construction of links, roles and functions that move away from those traditional paradigms, which until the end of the 20th century seemed immutable. In this research, the aim is to contribute –from a psychoanalytic perspective- to the exploration of those representations of parenting that take place in the context of liquid Modernity, based on the supply –and demand- of medically assisted reproduction. In reference to the research that is currently carried out from the Graduate School of the UNLaM (CyTMA2 2020 Call “New representations of parenting. From assisted reproduction in liquid modernity”), we present below, as the first progress report, its theoretical framework.Mientras la anticoncepción química hizo posible el “sexo sin reproducción”, las nuevas tecnologías reproductivas facilitan la “reproducción sin sexo”, lo que a la vez da lugar, en la Modernidad líquida, a un formidable abanico de configuraciones familiares, aparentemente naturalizadas. Asistimos en la actualidad a la construcción de vínculos, roles y funciones que se alejan de aquellos paradigmas tradicionales, que hasta fines del siglo XX parecían inmutables. En esta pesquisa aspiramos a contribuir –desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica- a la exploración de aquellas representaciones de la parentalidad que tienen lugar en el contexto de la Modernidad líquida, a partir de la oferta –y la demanda- de reproducción médicamente asistida. Presentamos a continuación, en referencia a esta investigación que actualmente se lleva a cabo desde la Escuela de Posgrado de la UNLaM (Convocatoria CyTMA2 2020 “Nuevas representaciones de la parentalidad. A partir de la reproducción asistida en la Modernidad líquida”), un primer informe de avances, que comprende el marco teórico de la misma

Application of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Brewery by-Products for Biomethane and Bioenergy Production in a Biorefinery Concept

This study investigated the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of brewery by-products for biomethane and bioenergy recovery, focusing on operational performance evaluation, kinetic analysis, microbial metataxonomic, and metabolic function prediction. The biochemical methane potential was conducted under mesophilic (35 °C) and methanogenic conditions (pH 7.5) by mixing brewery wastewater and sludge from the brewery wastewater treatment plant (1:1, v/v), following the addition (2.5 – 12.5 %, w/v) of brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The results demonstrate that the highest methane yield (88.02 mL CH4/g TVS) was obtained with 12.5 % BSG, which was 20.66-fold higher than the control reactor operated with wastewater and sludge (4.26 mL CH4/g TVS). The bioenergy recovery from biomethane could generate electricity (0.348 kWh/kg TVS) and heat (1556 MJ/kg TVS), avoiding greenhouse gas emissions (0.114 kg CO2-eq/kg TVS). The microbial community dynamics revealed a predominance of Halobacterota, Chloroflexi, and Euryarchaeota phylum. The genera Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium, and the Anaerolineaceae family predominated in the AcoD process. The metabolic function prediction showed the presence of genes (K01895, K00193, K00625, and K00925) associated with the direct activation of acetate in the acetoclastic pathway and methane production. Finally, the data obtained provide a perspective on using brewery by-products for bioenergy production in a biorefinery concept, reducing the environmental impacts and contributing to the circular bioeconomy transition of the beer industry

Guidelines for the management of neuroendocrine tumours by the Brazilian gastrointestinal tumour group

Neuroendocrine tumours are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a significant variety of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. Guidelines were developed by North American and European groups to recommend their best management. However, local particularities and relativisms found worldwide led us to create Brazilian guidelines. Our consensus considered the best feasible strategies in an environment involving more limited resources. We believe that our recommendations may be extended to other countries with similar economic standards.Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Canc Estado Sao Paulo, BR-01246000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Radiol & Oncol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sirio Libanes, BR-01308050 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos de Vento Porto Alegre, BR-90035000 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilOncoctr, BR-30360680 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Cirurgia, BR-90040060 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, BR-90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol & Farmacol, BR-60020180 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilHosp Univ Walter Cantidio, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilInst Nacl Canc, BR-20230240 Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplina Endocrinol & Metabol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Albert Einstein, BR-05652900 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Base, Fac Med Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15090000 Sao Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15025500 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Parana, Hosp Erasto Gaertner, BR-81520060 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, BR-59300000 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Coracao, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Med Oncol, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sao Rafael, BR-41253190 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Canc Barretos, Dept Cirurgia Aparelho Digest Alto & Hepatobiliop, BR-14784400 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Patol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilClin AMO, BR-1950640 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Sao Jose, BR-01323001 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Nove de Julho, BR-02111030 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc