Mejora de la convivencia en los centros de Educación Secundaria, a través de la Mediación entre Iguales

El acoso entre iguales en la enseñanza secundaria es un problemática que afecta a la mayoría de los centros españoles. Una buena alternativa para solucionar esta problemática pueden ser los programas de ayuda entre iguales, por las diferentes ventajas que se han ido evidenciando tras muchos años de investigación. Pero aunque el fomento de la autonomía del alumnado, la mejora del clima de centro, etc., son evidentes, no existen muchos estudios rigurosos que incorporen una evaluación científica del impacto de dichos programas en la vida de los centros (Kmitta, 1999). Por tanto, a partir de la comparación de dos centros de secundaria de características similares, de la província de Castellón, uno con programa de ayuda entre iguales en forma de programa de mediación, y el otro sin programa de mediación, se pretende discernir tanto los roles que se adoptan por parte de 323 alumnos de 12-15 años, como las actitudes hacia las víctimas que tienen estos estudiantes. Para lograr este objetivo, se compararon estos dos centros públicos, administrando una batería de tres cuestionarios al alumnado tanto en tiempo 1 (situación inicial), como en tiempo 2 (tras la aplicación del programa). Los resultados muestran la influencia en la adopción de los roles y las actitudes províctima de los estudiantes: una mejora explícita en los roles del centro con programa de mediación, y un empeoramiento en cuanto a las actitudes, en el centro sin programa de mediación.Bullying among peers in high school education is a problem affecting most of the Spanish schools. A good choice to solve this problem may be peer mediation programs, due to the different advantages they offer, most of them found in empirical research. Although the fostering of the student´s autonomy, the improvement of school climate, and so on, are outstanding, few studies have included a scientific measure of the impact of these programs (Kmitta, 1999). Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the roles adopted in the conflict and the attitudes pro-victim of 323 students ranging from 12-15 years old, comparing two similar schools: one with a peer mediation program, and the other one, with no peer mediation program. Three questionnaires were administered to students in time 1(baseline), and time 2 (after program development). Results showed the influence of peer mediation programs in roles and attitudes pro-victim: a clear improvement of the roles in the school with peer mediation program, and a decrease of the attitudes provictim in the school without mediation program

Social impact assessment on a hydrocarbon proyect using triangular whitenization weight functions

[EN] Social impact assessment (SIA) has become an important factor for social conflicts prevention. In this study, we conducted SIA using the center-point triangular whitenization weight functions (CTWF) method, which is based on grey systems theory. A case study was conducted on a hydrocarbon exploration project located in the Gulf of Valencia, Spain. Two stakeholder groups and four evaluation criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the group of the directly linked population, the project would have very negative social impact; and for the group of indirectly linked citizens, the project would have negative social impact. The results could help central and community governments to make the best decision on the project. The method showed interesting results and could be apply to SIA of other projects or programs.Delgado-Villanueva, KA.; Romero Gil, I. (2016). Social impact assessment on a hydrocarbon proyect using triangular whitenization weight functions. IEEE. 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1109/CACIDI.2016.7785998S11812

Environmental conflict analysis using an integrated grey clustering and entropy-weight method: A case study of a mining project in Peru

[EN] Environmental conflict analysis (henceforth ECA) has become a key factor for the viability of projects and welfare of affected populations. In this study, we propose an approach for ECA using an integrated grey clustering and entropy-weight method (The IGCEW method). The case study considered a mining project in northern Peru. Three stakeholder groups and seven criteria were identified. The data were gathered by conducting field interviews. The results revealed that for the groups urban population, rural population and specialists, the project would have a positive, negative and normal social impact, respectively. We also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflicts in order of importance were: access to drinking water, poverty, GDP per capita and employment. These results could help regional and central governments to seek appropriate measures to prevent environmental conflicts. The proposed method showed practical results and a potential for application to other types of projects.Delgado-Villanueva, KA.; Romero Gil, I. (2016). Environmental conflict analysis using an integrated grey clustering and entropy-weight method: A case study of a mining project in Peru. Environmental Modelling & Software. 77:108-121. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.12.011S1081217

Integrating Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Conflict Analysis on a Hydrocarbon Exploration Project in Spain

[EN] Social impact assessment (SIA) has become a key factor for environmental conflicts prevention, which makes necessary to integrate SIA and environmental conflict analysis (ECA). In this article, we integrate SIA and ECA using a method based on grey systems and Shannon entropy. A case study was conducted on a hydrocarbon exploration project located in the Sea of the Gulf of Valencia, Spain. Four stakeholder groups and four evaluation criteria were identified. The results revealed that for group of specialists the project would have negative social impact; and contrary perceptions were found between the group ofprimary activities populationand the group of retirees. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflicts were the percentage of unemployment and the GDP per capita. These results could help central and community governments to make the best decision on the project. The method showed interesting results and could be apply to manage other projects or programs from point of view of social factors.Delgado-Villanueva, KA.; Romero Gil, I. (2016). Integrating Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Conflict Analysis on a Hydrocarbon Exploration Project in Spain. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (Online). 8(6):2403-2417. doi:10.21817/ijet/2016/v8i6/160806402S240324178

Longitudinal analysis of subjective well-being in preadolescents: The role of emotional intelligence, self-esteem and perceived stress

Subjective wellbeing has been conceptualized as a person’s cognitive and affective evaluation of their life. In this line, life satisfaction and somatic complaints may be outstanding indicators of well-being. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the combined contribution of trait emotional intelligence, self-esteem and perceived stress to well-being. Participants were 381 pupils aged 12–16 years (56.1% female). Hierarchical regression models and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) were conducted. Trait emotional intelligence, self-esteem and low perceived stress were related in the expected direction to life satisfaction and somatic complaints. Findings support a specific pathway to improve wellbeing in preadolescents

La convivencia en las aulas de Secundaria: Programas Alumno Ayudante y Alumno Mediador

Quinzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2009-2010

Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on the physical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties of calçots

The effect of ultrasound (US) treatment (40 kHz, 250 W) for 0, 10,25 and 45 min on the physical and microbiological quality, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of calçots (Allium cepaL.) was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of roasting (270 °C, 8 min) and in vitro simulated digestion on the antioxidant properties was studied. Overall, US treatment had no effect of the physical quality and antioxidant properties of calçots regardless the treatment time, while thermal processing produced an increase on the TAC and maintenance in TPC. Furthermore, the digestion process caused a remarkable decrease on the TAC and TPC, but that decrease was higher in roasted than in fresh samples. The microbial load of all US-treated fresh samples was below 6 log (cfu g−1) and a decrease of 1-log reduction was observed after treating for 45 min. Those results indicated that US pre-treatment had no negative effects on the quality of calçot while produced a decrease on the microbial load at high processing times.This work was supported by ACCIÓ (Generalitat of Catalonia, RD14-1-004), Sociedad Agrícola i Secció de Crèdit de Valls S.C.C.L., Cooperativa of Cambrils, and PGI ‘Calçot de Valls’. This work was also supported by the ‘Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement’ (FI-2017-B2-00164, L. Zudaire) and CERCA Programme of Generalitat de Catalunya. T. Lafarga is in receipt of a ‘Juan de la Cierva’ contract awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (FJCI-2016-29541). I. Aguiló-Aguayo thanks the National Programme for the promotion of talent and its employability of the ‘Ministerio de Economía,Industria y Competitividad’ of the Spanish Government and to the European Social Fund for the Postdoctoral Senior Grant ‘Ramon y Cajal’ (RYC-2016-19949)

Los programas de mediación entre iguales: una herramienta eficaz para la convivencia escolar

A pesar de las ventajas de los sistemas de mediación entre iguales, todavía son escasos los estudios que incorporan una evaluación científica del impacto de estos programas. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio era el de analizar el impacto de los programas de mediación entre iguales en Educación Secundaria, a través de los roles que adoptaban los menores ante los conflictos, así como de sus actitudes províctima. Para lograr este objetivo, se compararon dos centros públicos de Educación Secundaria, de similares características, uno de ellos con programa de mediación entre iguales, y el otro, sin programa de mediación. En ambos centros, se administró la Escala de roles “Adivina quién” (Salmivalli et al., 1996; adaptada por Sutton y Smith, 1999), a 323 alumnos de 12-15 años, tanto en tiempo 1 (situación inicial), como en tiempo 2 (tras la aplicación del programa). Los resultados muestran, en el centro sin programa de mediación escolar, fundamentalmente un incremento de las actitudes províctima, lo cual apunta hacia una mejora explícita en el centro con mediación.Although the advantages of peer mediation systems are outstanding, few studies have included a longitudinal design and a scientific measure of the impact of these programs. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyse the impact of peer mediation programs in high school education, throughout the roles adopted in the conflict, and the attitudes pro-victim. In order to attain this goal, two public high schools, with similar characteristics, were compared: one developing a peer mediation program, and one not developing it. The Role Scale Nominations from Salmivalli et al. (1996), was administered to 323 students from 12-15 years old, in time 1 (baseline), and time 2 (after program development). Results showed mainly the increase of the attitudes pro-victim in the school with mediation program, indicating a clear improvement due to this type of programs.Ministerio de Educación EDU2010-21791Fundació Caixa P1.1B2010-16Castelló Bancaixa P1.1B2010-1

Belief in a just world and aspects of family functioning in emerging adulthood: Comparative analysis regressions vs QCA

The belief in a just world refers to individuals' belief that the world is a just place where everyone gets what they deserve Although it is created in childhood, it plays an adaptive role throughout the life cycle. This paper analyses the relationships between belief in a just world and variables of family functioning in the Spanish population during emerging adulthood, comparing multiple linear regression models and comparative qualitative analysis. 341 young people aged 19-25 (M=21.77, SD=1.78), 82.2% of whom were women, participated in this study. The instruments used explore beliefs in a just world, and various aspects of family functioning. Regression models indicate that family variables are not related to belief in a just world. In comparative qualitative analysis, different combinations of family variables account 31% of strong beliefs in a just world. High levels of family resources, low levels of family communication and being a man are therefore related to the strong presence of beliefs in a just world. The results show that family functioning variables remain important for belief in a just world, even during emerging adulthood.El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las relaciones existentes entre la creencia general en un mundo justo y variables de funcionamiento familiar en población española durante la adultez emergente; todo ello, comparando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y de análisis cualitativos comparativos, que permiten una visión más holística. Los participantes fueron 341 jóvenes, con edades entre 19-25 años (M=21,77, DT=1,78) siendo el 82,2% mujeres. Los instrumentos utilizados exploran las creencias en un mundo justo, y diversos aspectos de funcionamiento familiar. Mientras que los modelos de regresión indican que las variables familiares no presentan relación con la creencia en un mundo justo, en los análisis cualitativos, diferentes combinaciones de variables familiares explican el 31% de altas creencias en un mundo justo. En concreto, altos recursos familiares, baja comunicación familiar y ser hombre, se relacionan con la alta presencia de creencias en un mundo justo. Los resultados muestran que las variables de funcionamiento familiar continúan siendo importantes para las creencias en un mundo justo, incluso durante la adultez emergente