Reversible Manifestations of Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis

Movement disorders are uncommon manifestations of neurocysticercosis. When present, most are secondary to parenchymal lesions in the basal ganglia. Rarely, movement disorders can occur in racemose/extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, an aggressive variant frequently associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction and hydrocephalus. Appropriate treatment can reverse neurological manifestations

Current Developments in Antioxidant Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury

When spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs, numerous sources of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species may be active within first minutes or hours and even reactivate few days later. Free radical formation and lipid peroxidation (LP) have been described as an important mechanism in the beginning and accelerated progress in the development of diverse pathologies, importantly in those related to central nervous system. The compromise of molecules and cellular structures due to the oxidative state of microenvironment in SCI may determinate survival or apoptosis of resident and infiltrating cells and polarization toward an inflammatory response, which lead to an extension of damaged tissue and loss of neuronal function, or a regulatory/regenerative response. The investigation of new antioxidant agents and their action at a molecular level begins to reveal mechanisms that, if correctly modulated, promise an improvement in recovery of functions with respect to conventional pharmacological therapies. In this chapter, we will review the general mechanisms of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, those antioxidant treatments in experimental development and clinical phase, as well as their achievements and limitations

Las comunidades en la administración de sistemas de agua potable: región de los volcanes, estado de México

In the volcano region in Estado de México, there are controversies between the municipality and the communities about who should manage their resources; among them, six water supply systems for domestic consumption from ice-melt from the volcanoes. Currently the six systems conduct water by gravity to 12 communities, whose first management were in charge of the Secretaría de Recursos Hidráulicos (SRH) during the 1950s, and was later transferred to the Comisión Estatal de Agua y Saneamiento (CEAS) / Comisión del Agua del Estado de México (CEAM), in the 1980s. During these three decades the local distribution consisted in four public taps per community. Starting in 1980, due to the increase in population, each community invested in its distribution network for household taps and defined its own organizational figure. Because of changes in the national legislation, the municipality must manage the distribution networks, charge fees and pay CAEM for the water it consumes. However, the communities have refused to hand over the management of their own distribution networks and for that purpose they have become constituted into various legal figures: Communal Goods Committee (Comité de Bienes Comunales), Ejidatarios Committee (Comité de Ejidatarios), Municipal Delegate (Delegado Municipal) or civil association. The conformation of these legal figures corresponds to a legal void that could afford legality to community organizations that carry out an efficient management and operation of their resources.En la región de los volcanes en el Estado de México existen controversias entre el municipio y las comunidades sobre quién debe administrar sus recursos; entre ellos seis sistemas de abastecimiento de agua para consumo doméstico proveniente del deshielo de los volcanes. Actualmente los seis sistemas conducen agua por gravedad a 12 comunidades, cuya primera administración estuvo a cargo de la Secretaría de Recursos Hidráulicos (SRH) durante los años 50 y posteriormente se transfiriera a Comisión Estatal de Agua y Saneamiento (CEAS) / Comisión del Agua del Estado de México (CAEM), en la década de los 80. Durante estas tres décadas la distribución local consistía en cuatro tomas públicas por comunidad. A partir de 1980, debido al incremento de la población, cada comunidad invirtió en su red de distribución para toma domiciliaria y conformó su propia figura organizativa. Por cambios en la legislación nacional el municipio debe administrar las redes de distribución, cobrar las cuotas y pagarle a CAEM el agua que consume. No obstante, las comunidades se han negado a dejar la administración de sus propias redes de distribución y para ello se han constituido bajo diversas figuras jurídicas: Comité de Bienes Comunales, Comité de Ejidatarios, Delegado Municipal o asociación civil. La conformación de estas figuras jurídicas corresponde a un vacío jurídico que dé legalidad a organizaciones comunitarias que realizan una administración y operación eficiente en el manejo de sus recursos

Perrault syndrome with neurological features in a compound heterozygote for two TWNK mutations : Overlap of TWNK-related recessive disorders

Altres ajuts: This research was supported with cofounding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), "A way to make Europe") (to IdC); S2017/BMD‑3721‑RAREGENOMICS‑CM from the Consejería de Educación e Investigación de la Comunidad de Madrid (to MAMP).Background: Perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing impairment and ovarian dysgenesis in females, whereas males have only hearing impairment. In some cases, patients present with a diversity of neurological signs. To date, mutations in six genes are known to cause Perrault syndrome, but they do not explain all clinically-diagnosed cases. In addition, the number of reported cases and the spectra of mutations are still small to establish conclusive genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods: Affected siblings from family SH19, who presented with features that were suggestive of Perrault syndrome, were subjected to audiological, neurological and gynecological examination. The genetic study included genotyping and haplotype analysis for microsatellite markers close to the genes involved in Perrault syndrome, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of the coding region of the TWNK gene. Results: Three siblings from family SH19 shared similar clinical features: childhood-onset bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment, which progressed to profound deafness in the second decade of life; neurological signs (spinocerebellar ataxia, polyneuropathy), with onset in the fourth decade of life in the two females and at age 20 years in the male; gonadal dysfunction with early cessation of menses in the two females. The genetic study revealed two compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations in the TWNK gene in the three affected subjects: c.85C>T (p.Arg29∗), previously reported in a case of hepatocerebral syndrome; and a novel missense mutation, c.1886C>T (p.Ser629Phe). Mutations segregated in the family according to an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Conclusions: Our results further illustrate the utility of genetic testing as a tool to confirm a tentative clinical diagnosis of Perrault syndrome. Studies on genotype-phenotype correlation from the hitherto reported cases indicate that patients with Perrault syndrome caused by TWNK mutations will manifest neurological signs in adulthood. Molecular and clinical characterization of novel cases of recessive disorders caused by TWNK mutations is strongly needed to get further insight into the genotype-phenotype correlations of a phenotypic continuum encompassing Perrault syndrome, infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia, and hepatocerebral syndrome

Testing the Parentâ Adolescent Acculturation Discrepancy Hypothesis: A Fiveâ Wave Longitudinal Study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134121/1/jora12214.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134121/2/jora12214_am.pd

Megafire:An ambiguous and emotive term best avoided by science

Background: As fire regimes are changing and wildfire disasters are becoming more frequent, the term megafire is increasingly used to describe impactful wildfires, under multiple meanings, both in academia and popular media. This has resulted in a highly ambiguous concept.Approach: We analysed the use of the term ‘megafire’ in popular media to determine its origin, its developments over time, and its meaning in the public sphere. We subsequently discuss how relative the term ‘mega’ is, and put this in the context of an analysis of Portuguese and global data on fire size distribution.Results: We found that ‘megafire’ originated in the popular news media over 20 years before it appeared in science. Megafire is used in a diversity of languages, considers landscape fires as well as urban fires, and has a variety of meanings in addition to size. What constitutes ‘mega’ is relative and highly context-dependent in space and time, given variation in landscape, climate, and anthropogenic controls, and as revealed in examples from the Netherlands, Portugal and the Global Fire Atlas. Moreover, fire size does not equate to fire impact.Conclusion: Given the diverse meanings of megafire in the popular media, we argue that redefining megafire in science potentially leads to greater disparity between science and practice. Megafire is widely used as an emotive term that is best left for popular media. For those wanting to use it in science, what constitutes a megafire should be defined by the context in which it is used, not by a metric of one-size-fits-all.</p

Longitudinal Trajectories of Family Functioning Among Recent Immigrant Adolescents and Parents: Links With Adolescent and Parent Cultural Stress, Emotional Wellâ Being, and Behavioral Health

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148234/1/cdev12914.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148234/2/cdev12914_am.pd