Building an ontology catalogue for smart cities

Apart from providing semantics and reasoning power to data, ontologies enable and facilitate interoperability across heterogeneous systems or environments. A good practice when developing ontologies is to reuse as much knowledge as possible in order to increase interoperability by reducing heterogeneity across models and to reduce development effort. Ontology registries, indexes and catalogues facilitate the task of finding, exploring and reusing ontologies by collecting them from different sources. This paper presents an ontology catalogue for the smart cities and related domains. This catalogue is based on curated metadata and incorporates ontology evaluation features. Such catalogue represents the first approach within this community and it would be highly useful for new ontology developments or for describing and annotating existing ontologies

Caracterización cromática de los vinos elaborados en la comarca española de la "Alpujarra-Contraviesa"

The chromatic characteristics of 69 samples oftraditional wines (no definite enological technique) made from a mixture of varieties of existing grapes (more than 98% were white varieties) in the Granadinian region of Alpujarra-Contraviesa (South of Spain) were studied as a method of typification and determination of their quality. The results after calculating the levels of Anthocyanins, Polyphenols, the CIE (1961) chromatic parameters, the Glories indices (1984) and the CIELAB space (1976)} indicate that the wines studied carne from musts which had spent very little time in contact with the solid matter of the grape. The very wide dispersion margins were consistent with their home-made character and, according to the majority of colour indices, they are c10ser to rose wines.En el presente trabajo, se han estudiado las características cromáticas de 69 muestras de vinos elaborados de forma artesanal (sin técnica enológica definida) y por mezcla de las variedades de uva existentes (más del 98% de variedades blancas) en la región granadina de la Alpujarra-Contraviesa (Sur de España). Los valores en Antocianos y Polifenoles, así como los parámetros cromáticos de la CIE (1961), los índices de Glories (1984) y el espacio CIELAB (1976) indican que los vinos estudiados proceden de mostos que han estado muy poco tiempo en contacto con las materias sólidas de la uva, con unos márgenes de dispersión muy amplios en concordancia con su carácter artesanal y más próximos a vinos rosados que a "claretes"

Pharmacological Nature of the Purinergic P2Y Receptor Subtypes That Participate in the Blood Pressure Changes Produced by ADPβS in Rats

Purine nucleosides (adenosine) and nucleotides such as adenosine mono/di/triphosphate (AMP/ADP/ATP) may produce complex cardiovascular responses. For example, adenosine-5′-(β-thio)-diphosphate (ADPβS; a stable synthetic analogue of ADP) can induce vasodilatation/vasodepressor responses by endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms involving purinergic P2Y receptors; however, the specific subtypes participating in these responses remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the receptor subtypes mediating the blood pressure changes induced by intravenous bolus of ADPβS in male Wistar rats in the absence and presence of central mechanisms with the antagonists MRS2500 (P2Y1), PSB0739 (P2Y12), and MRS2211 (P2Y13). For this purpose, 120 rats were divided into 60 anaesthetised rats and 60 pithed rats, and further subdivided into four groups (n = 30 each), namely: (a) anaesthetised rats, (b) anaesthetised rats with bilateral vagotomy, (c) pithed rats, and (d) pithed rats continuously infused (intravenously) with methoxamine (an α1-adrenergic agonist that restores systemic vascular tone). We observed, in all four groups, that the immediate decreases in diastolic blood pressure produced by ADPβS were exclusively mediated by peripheral activation of P2Y1 receptors. Nevertheless, the subsequent increases in systolic blood pressure elicited by ADPβS in pithed rats infused with methoxamine probably involved peripheral activation of P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors.</p

Pharmacological Nature of the Purinergic P2Y Receptor Subtypes That Participate in the Blood Pressure Changes Produced by ADPβS in Rats

Purine nucleosides (adenosine) and nucleotides such as adenosine mono/di/triphosphate (AMP/ADP/ATP) may produce complex cardiovascular responses. For example, adenosine-5′-(β-thio)-diphosphate (ADPβS; a stable synthetic analogue of ADP) can induce vasodilatation/vasodepressor responses by endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms involving purinergic P2Y receptors; however, the specific subtypes participating in these responses remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the receptor subtypes mediating the blood pressure changes induced by intravenous bolus of ADPβS in male Wistar rats in the absence and presence of central mechanisms with the antagonists MRS2500 (P2Y1), PSB0739 (P2Y12), and MRS2211 (P2Y13). For this purpose, 120 rats were divided into 60 anaesthetised rats and 60 pithed rats, and further subdivided into four groups (n = 30 each), namely: (a) anaesthetised rats, (b) anaesthetised rats with bilateral vagotomy, (c) pithed rats, and (d) pithed rats continuously infused (intravenously) with methoxamine (an α1-adrenergic agonist that restores systemic vascular tone). We observed, in all four groups, that the immediate decreases in diastolic blood pressure produced by ADPβS were exclusively mediated by peripheral activation of P2Y1 receptors. Nevertheless, the subsequent increases in systolic blood pressure elicited by ADPβS in pithed rats infused with methoxamine probably involved peripheral activation of P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors.</p

Contribución al estudio analítico de dos constituyentes del ron (Parte I)

The volatile flavor components of samples commercial rums have been analyzed by conventional chemical methods. These determinations according to the bibliographic references and this study; suffice to distinguish rums from virtually all other spirits. A comparative study by these chemical methods of volatile flavor components which make up rums maturations obtained from distilleries being possible to verify the source personally and those from other comercial rums.Se han analizado, por métodos convencionales, muestras comerciales de ron. La determinación de algunos componentes volátiles mayoritarios contribuye en gran medida, de acuerdo con la literatura, a la definición de la calidad preparativa de estos productos, y permite distinguir los rones de otras bebidas alcohólicas. Por otro lado, y en relación con el envejecimiento en madera de roble, en este trabajo se hace una contribución complementaria al intentar establecer un CONTROL DE CALIDAD por "estudio comparativo" entre muestras de rones de procedencia conocida que han sido sometidos a maduración en barricas de roble y una serie de muestras de rones elegidas al azar en distintos establecimientos comerciales

La reglamentación española del Ron y sus perspectivas (parte II)

In Spain, the corresponding Decree-Lawa the rum's characterization they are insufficient (Decree-Law 1.288/5-Juin-1975 and Decree-Law 1906/26-September-1984). We are carry out the study of foreign regulations for to obtain good results in rum characterization.En nuestro país, el Ron, viene recogido en los Decretos 1.288 de la Presidencia del Gobierno de 5 de Junio de 1975 y el Decreto 1.906 de 26 de Septiembre de 1984, por los que se establece la "Reglamentación Especial para la elaboración, circulación y comercio del ron" (B.O.E. de 7-Junio-1975 y de 29-0ctubre-1984). Esta reglamentación tiene por objeto definir el ron a efectos legales y fijar, con carácter obligatorio, las normas de elaboración, comercialización y en general, la ordenación jurídica de dicha bebida. No obstante estas normas siguen siendo insuficientes para caracterizar estos aguardientes, por lo que hemos incluido el estudio de algunas reglamentaciones extranjeras en materia de Ron, con el fin de obtener unos parámetros eficaces y diferenciadores para esta bebida

Trigeminovascular effects of propranolol in men and women, role for sex steroids

OBJECTIVE: Assess whether propranolol modulates the trigeminovascular system in both men and women. METHODS: We investigated the effect of propranolol (80 mg, 90 min after oral administration, corresponding to T (max)) on the increase in dermal blood flow of the forehead skin (innervated by the trigeminal nerve) by capsaicin application (0.6 mg/mL) and electrical stimulation (0.2–1.0 mA) before and after placebo (grapefruit juice) or propranolol (oral solution diluted in grapefruit juice) in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, including healthy males (n = 10) and females on contraceptives (n = 11). Additionally, we compared our results with data from the Dutch IADB.nl prescription database by analyzing the change in triptan use after propranolol prescription in a population similar to our dermal blood flow study subjects (males and females, 20–39 years old). RESULTS: Dermal blood flow responses to capsaicin were significantly attenuated after propranolol, but not after placebo. When stratifying by sex, no significant changes in the capsaicin‐induced dermal blood flow were observed in females after propranolol, whereas they remained significant in males. Dermal blood flow responses to electrical stimulation were not modified in any case. In our prescription database study, after propranolol, a more pronounced decrease in triptan use was observed in male patients than in female patients. INTERPRETATION: Propranolol (80 mg) inhibits capsaicin‐induced increases in dermal blood flow in a sex‐dependent manner. In patients, a more pronounced decrease in triptan use is observed in males when compared with females, suggesting an interaction between propranolol and sex steroids in the modulation of the trigeminovascular system

Effect of Modified Pin Profile and Process Parameters on the Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6

This work deals with the effect of a new “bolt-head” pin profile on the friction stir welding performance of the aluminum alloy 6061-T6, compared to traditional pin profiles. Friction stir welding parameters such as the tool rotation speed and the welding speed were investigated together with the different pin profiles; the results show that the new “bolt-head” pin profile leads to better mechanical properties of welded specimens. The pin profiles used in this work were the straight square (SS), straight hexagon (SH), taper cylindrical (TC), and the straight hexagon “bolt-head” (SHBH). It was found that the last pin profile improves the material flow behavior and the uniform distribution of plastic deformation and reduces the formation of macroscopic defects on the welded zone. Mechanical tensile tests on welded specimens were performed to determine the tensile strength: the specimens welded with the SHBH pin profile have shown the highest mechanical properties. An approach is presented for material flow on this aluminum alloy using the SHBH pin profile, which is related to the improvement on the resulting mechanical properties

Explaining the onset of cohabitation under semi-presidentialism

Semi-presidentialism – where the constitution provides for both a directly elected fixed-term president and a prime minister and cabinet collectively responsible to the legislature – is an increasingly common form of government. For many observers cohabitation is the Achilles heel of semi-presidentialism. This article aims to identify the conditions that are associated with the onset of cohabitation.We specify a number of hypotheses that predict the conditions under which cohabitation should occur.We then test our hypotheses on the basis of a new data set that records every case of cohabitation in all semi-presidential electoral democracies from 1989 to 2008 inclusive.We confirm that cohabi- tation is more likely to occur in countries with a premier-presidential form of semi-presidentialism and show that it is more likely to follow an election that occurs midway through a parliamentary or presidential term, and that when cohabitation follows a presidential election, it is likely to do so in a country where there is only a very weak president. Overall, we find that the conditions under which cohabitation is most likely to occur are also the ones where it is most easily managed. Thus, our findings imply that cohabitation is not likely to be as problematic as the existing literature would suggest

Estudio por cromatografía en fase gaseosa de alcoholes, aldehídos, ésteres y componentes esenciales que integran una muestra de ginebra preparada con bayas identificadas procedentes de Junniperus communis

In the sample of gin prepared by us gas liquid chromatography has evidentiated the following components: Methanol, Propanol, Butanol, 2-Butanol, Isobutanol, 2-Pentanol, Isoamyl alcohol, Acetaldehyde, Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Acetate, Alpha Pinene, Betha Pinene, Limonene, Terpinolene, Linalol, 4-Terpineol, Alpha Terpineol, Bornyl Acetate and a non identified Sexquiterpene. All of then in cane alcohol detected and they are extracted to a lesser extent.En la muestra de ginebra preparada por nosotros se han detectado por cromatografía en fase gaseosa los siguientes componentes: Metanol, Propanol, Butanol,2-Butanol, Isobutanol, 2-Pentanol, Alcohol isoamílico, Acetaldehido, Acetato de metilo y Acetato de etilo, alfa-Pineno, beta-Pineno, Limoneno, Terpinoleno, Linalol, 4-Terpinenol, alfa-Terpineol, Acetato de bornilo y un Sexquiterpeno no identificado. Todos ellos en alcohol de caña. En etanol comercial se han detectado menor número de componentes y además son extraídos en menor proporción