El papel del sistema Fas-FasL como modificador de la resistencia-susceptibilidad a la inducción de linfomas tímicos

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura 11-01-200

Reflexiones acerca de la eutanasia en Colombia

ResumenEste artículo de reflexión revisa el desarrollo histórico del término «eutanasia». Se postula que desnaturalizarlo ha dificultado el debate, y que debe diferenciarse de otros aspectos del final de la vida. Se hace un análisis de la problemática de los cuidados paliativos y la eutanasia en Colombia. Al respecto, se presentan algunas opiniones y propuestas.AbstractThis reflective article reviews the historical development of the term “euthanasia”. It is postulated that the distortion of the term “euthanasia” has hindered the debate around it, so it is imperative to differentiate it from other aspects of the end of life. The article ilustrates some difficulties about palliative care and euthanasia that are currently faced in Colombia. Some opinions and proposals are presented

Prevalence of Depression and Fish Consumption among First Year Spanish University Students: UniHcos Project

The World Health Organization estimates that one fifth of university students have experienced major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Nutrition may be one of the modifiable factors that influence the development of depression. Specifically, low omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D levels, both nutrients found in high quantities in fish, have been linked to depressive disorders. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among young Spanish university students, in addition to the pattern of fish consumption among students and the possible relationship between fish consumption and the presence of depression. Data were collected retrospectively from a nationally representative sample of 11,485 Spanish university students aged 18 years or older in 11 Spanish universities, from 2012 to 2022. The respondents were analyzed according to frequency of consumption and compliance with weekly recommendations for fish intake and the presence of depression. Regression models were also performed to determine students' odds of depression as a function of compliance with recommendations according to selected sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption was 1-2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities (66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28-1.64); AF = 31.0% (21.9-39.0)), but it was the student's own conditions that had the greatest influence on the development of the disorder. In summary, a lower consumption of fish seems to be associated with a higher incidence of depression in Spanish university students; however, other social factors of the student may influence the development of the disorder, and all of this should be taken into account for the development of prevention strategies.This research was funded by the National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Grant numbers: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant number: PI16/01947)

Identification of fatty acid amide hydrolase as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMClinical management of breast cancer (BC) metastasis remains an unmet need as it accounts for 90% of BC-associated mortality. Although the luminal subtype, which represents >70% of BC cases, is generally associated with a favorable outcome, it is susceptible to metastatic relapse as late as 15 years after treatment discontinuation. Seeking therapeutic approaches as well as screening tools to properly identify those patients with a higher risk of recurrence is therefore essential. Here, we report that the lipid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a predictor of long-term survival in patients with luminal BC, and that it blocks tumor progression and lung metastasis in cell and mouse models of BC. Together, our findings highlight the potential of FAAH as a biomarker with prognostic value in luminal BC and as a therapeutic target in metastatic diseas

S194-P-FADD as a marker of aggressiveness and poor prognosis in human T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is a haematological disease with an urgent need for reliable prognostic biomarkers that allow therapeutic stratification and dose adjustment. The scarcity of human samples is responsible for the delayed progress in the study and the clinical management of this disease, especially compared with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, its leukemic counterpart. In the present work, we have determined by immunohistochemistry that S194-P-FADD protein is significantly reduced in a cohort of 22 samples from human T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Notably, the extent of such reduction varies significantly among samples and has revealed determinant for the outcome of the tumour. We demonstrate that Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) phosphorylation status affects protein stability, subcellular localization and non-apoptotic functions, specifically cell proliferation. Phosphorylated FADD would be more stable and preferentially localized to the cell nucleus; there, it would favour cell proliferation. We show that patients with higher levels of S194-P-FADD exhibit more proliferative tumours and that they present worse clinical characteristics and a significant enrichment to an oncogenic signature. This supports that FADD phosphorylation may serve as a predictor for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma aggressiveness and clinical status. In summary, we propose FADD phosphorylation as a new biomarker with prognostic value in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

Los saberes ancestrales conversados en el aula como entretejido pedagógico

Maestría en Educación Docencia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas.El conocimiento ancestral de las comunidades indígenas cada vez tiene menos asidero ante la racionalidad campante, la fuerza de la globalización y el supuesto prestigio social de la modernización tecnológica. Ante esta situación, la comunidad de San Lorenzo ubicada en Riosucio (Caldas) advierte que la escuela podría ser el espacio para recuperar el saber y las tradiciones que les dan identidad cultural, pero se han encontrado con obstáculos como las directrices y lineamientos curriculares que se imparten desde el Ministerio de Educación, la reducción del mundo de la enseñanza a la formalización de unos cuantos modelos pedagógicos y la tentación en la que se encuentran atrapadas las nuevas generaciones, de estar a la vanguardia con las TIC y las dinámicas de consumo ajenas a su realidad. En esta perspectiva, la presente investigación se ocupa en develar el valor pedagógico que se encuentra inmerso en un sinnúmero de prácticas cotidianas de vida, desde donde sería posible de una parte, hallar las bases para un modelo pedagógico propio y de otra, dar sentido social en presente, al conocimiento ancestral, sin que ello implique volver la espalda a las realidades del mundo contemporáneo, en donde sea viable mantener la importancia de la espiritualidad propia del mundo indígena (muy diferente a la espiritualidad de las religiones), el respeto a la naturaleza como principio ético, el criterio de comunidad y las mingas de pensamiento, el poder vinculante y didáctico del conversar, en tanto motor que permite entretejer la vida en relación, el conocimiento del trabajo en equipo, la laboriosidad manual y cierta introspección reflexiva que les genera una impronta particular al construir el aula, todo ello aunado a la dinámica de la escuela actual y a los saberes que exigen los procesos de formación del siglo XXI

Postharvest heat treatments to inhibit Penicillium digitatum growth and maintain quality of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata blanco)

Use of fungicides is a common practice as a postharvest treatment to control fruit decay. Nowadays, environment-friendly technologies, such as heat treatments, are viable replacements. This study evaluated the effects of post-harvest heat treatments (traditional and microwave-assisted) on mandarins intentionally inoculated with Penicillium digitatum. For the studied heat treatments, the target temperature was 50C, which was held for 2.5 min. After heating, mandarins were cooled and stored at 25C for 13 days. MW treatments effectively prevented mold growth during storage, while HW only delayed it. Control mandarins (without treatment) showed the highest significant weight loss. Neither thermal treatment nor storage affected fruit juice pH (p \u3e 0.05). Treated mandarins had a significantly lower vitamin C content than control fruits throughout storage, and all mandarins lost firmness by the 13th day (p \u3c 0.05). Control and MW-treated mandarins had lower citric acid content; however, they retained color, total soluble solids (TSS) and had a higher maturity index. While HW mandarins did not have changes in citric acid content, they had higher TSS, and lower maturity index. MW-assisted treatments were effective at inactivating molds and helped retain some nutritional and physical-chemical characteristics of mandarins. However, juice of MW-treated mandarins was not preferred by judges in the sensory tests, the juice was rated lower than that obtained from the other treatment. Postharvest heat treatments may constitute a helpful application to control mandarin’ fungal decay

Prevalence of Depression and Fish Consumption among First Year Spanish University Students: UniHcos Project

The World Health Organization estimates that one fifth of university students have experienced major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Nutrition may be one of the modifiable factors that influence the development of depression. Specifically, low omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D levels, both nutrients found in high quantities in fish, have been linked to depressive disorders. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among young Spanish university students, in addition to the pattern of fish consumption among students and the possible relationship between fish consumption and the presence of depression. Data were collected retrospectively from a nationally representative sample of 11,485 Spanish university students aged 18 years or older in 11 Spanish universities, from 2012 to 2022. The respondents were analyzed according to frequency of consumption and compliance with weekly recommendations for fish intake and the presence of depression. Regression models were also performed to determine students’ odds of depression as a function of compliance with recommendations according to selected sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption was 1–2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities (66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28–1.64); AF = 31.0% (21.9–39.0)), but it was the student’s own conditions that had the greatest influence on the development of the disorder. In summary, a lower consumption of fish seems to be associated with a higher incidence of depression in Spanish university students; however, other social factors of the student may influence the development of the disorder, and all of this should be taken into account for the development of prevention strategies.variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption was 1–2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities (66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28–1.64); AF = 31.0% (21.9–39.0)), but it was the student’s own conditions that had the greatest influence on the development of the disorder. In summary, a lower consumption of fish seems to be associated with a higher incidence of depression in Spanish university students; however, other social factors of the student may influence the development of the disorder, and all of this should be taken into account for the development of prevention strategies.National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145 2013|034 2020|030nstituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government PI16/0194

Identification of NRF2 activation as a prognostic biomarker in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

The standard-of-care treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) with chemotherapy usually achieves reasonable rates of initial complete response. However, patients who relapse or do not respond to conventional therapy show dismal outcomes, with cure rates below 10% and limited therapeutic options. To ameliorate the clinical management of these patients, it is urgent to identify biomarkers able to predict their outcomes. In this work, we investigate whether NRF2 activation constitutes a biomarker with prognostic value in T-ALL. Using transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data, we found that T-ALL patients with high NFE2L2 levels had shorter overall survival. Our results demonstrate that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is involved in the oncogenic signalling induced by NRF2 in T-ALL. Furthermore, T-ALL patients with high NFE2L2 levels displayed genetic programs of drug resistance that may be provided by NRF2-induced biosynthesis of glutathione. Altogether, our results indicate that high levels of NFE2L2 may be a predictive biomarker of poor treatment response in T-ALL patients, which would explain the poor prognosis associated with these patients. This enhanced understanding of NRF2 biology in T-ALL may allow a more refined stratification of patients and the proposal of targeted therapies, with the ultimate goal of improving the outcome of relapsed/refractory T-ALL patients.RTI2018-093330-B-I0

Dificultades que genera el espacio reducido en las relaciones personales entre los alumnos de cuarto grado del colegio Compartir del corregimiento San Antonio de Prado.

Determinar la incidencia de los espacios reducidos de la institución Compartir en las relaciones interpersonales de los niños y niñas del grado cuarto.La vida social tiene su inicio en las aulas de clase, por esta razón, este espacio y momento  de socialización debe ser contemplado y reflexionado de manera profunda por parte de la familia  y las directivas de las instituciones, ya que en muchas ocasiones, en el afán de escolarizar los  niños, no se toma en cuenta que este encuentro con la sociedad se debe dar en un ambiente  adecuado, positivo, donde la práctica de los valores inculcados en el hogar puedan ser reforzados  y practicados de manera libre, alegre y espontánea, reconociendo a los demás como seres  diferentes, pero igualmente respetables y enriquecedores, aportantes para el desarrollo de la  personalidad de cada estudiante dentro del aula.  En la actualidad no es extraño encontrar casos de colegios muy pequeños con un elevado  número de escolares en una misma aula de clase, esto puede generar una gran cantidad de  dificultades en medio de las relaciones y la conducta de los infantes. De igual manera se podría  pensar que esto genere dificultades en su concentración y en su desempeño académico,  convirtiéndose así en un tema importante y trascendental en el medio escolar. Esta problemática  puede generar una gran cantidad de sentimientos y sensaciones en los niños, dificultades que  deben ser escuchadas y conocidas para abordarlas y afrontarlas de manera positiva, generando en  los niños un sentimiento de responsabilidad y compromiso con la formación y práctica de valores  dentro y fuera del aula de clase. Social life has its beginning in the classrooms, for this reason, this space and moment of socialization must be contemplated and reflected in a profound way by the family and the directives of the institutions, since in many occasions, in the eagerness to school children, it is not taken into account that this encounter with society must be given in an adequate, positive environment, where the practice of values instilled in the home can be reinforced and practiced freely, joyfully and spontaneously, recognizing others as different beings, but equally respectable and enriching for the formation of the personality of each of the children in the classroom. At present it is not unusual to find cases of very small schools with a large number of students in the same classroom, this can generate a lot of difficulties in the midst of relationships and behavior of children. In the same way, it could be thought that this generates difficulties in their concentration and in their academic performance, thus becoming an important and transcendental topic in the school environment. This problem can generate a lot of feelings and feelings in children, difficulties that must be heard and known to address them and deal with them in a positive way, generating in children a sense of responsibility and commitment to the formation and practice of values inside and outside of the classroom