"AI enhances our performance, I have no doubt this one will do the same": The Placebo effect is robust to negative descriptions of AI

Heightened AI expectations facilitate performance in human-AI interactions through placebo effects. While lowering expectations to control for placebo effects is advisable, overly negative expectations could induce nocebo effects. In a letter discrimination task, we informed participants that an AI would either increase or decrease their performance by adapting the interface, but in reality, no AI was present in any condition. A Bayesian analysis showed that participants had high expectations and performed descriptively better irrespective of the AI description when a sham-AI was present. Using cognitive modeling, we could trace this advantage back to participants gathering more information. A replication study verified that negative AI descriptions do not alter expectations, suggesting that performance expectations with AI are biased and robust to negative verbal descriptions. We discuss the impact of user expectations on AI interactions and evaluation and provide a behavioral placebo marker for human-AI interactio

Virtual Reality Adaptation Using Electrodermal Activity to Support the User Experience

Virtual reality is increasingly used for tasks such as work and education. Thus, rendering scenarios that do not interfere with such goals and deplete user experience are becoming progressively more relevant. We present a physiologically adaptive system that optimizes the virtual environment based on physiological arousal, i.e., electrodermal activity. We investigated the usability of the adaptive system in a simulated social virtual reality scenario. Participants completed an n-back task (primary) and a visual detection (secondary) task. Here, we adapted the visual complexity of the secondary task in the form of the number of non-player characters of the secondary task to accomplish the primary task. We show that an adaptive virtual reality can improve users' comfort by adapting to physiological arousal regarding the task complexity. Our findings suggest that physiologically adaptive virtual reality systems can improve users' experience in a wide range of scenarios

Evaluating Interactive AI: Understanding and Controlling Placebo Effects in Human-AI Interaction

In the medical field, patients often experience tangible benefits from treatments they expect will improve their condition, even if the treatment has no mechanism of effect. This phenomenon often obscuring scientific evaluation of human treatment is termed the "placebo effect." Latest research in human-computer interaction has shown that using cutting-edge technologies similarly raises expectations of improvement, culminating in placebo effects that undermine evaluation efforts for user studies. This workshop delves into the role of placebo effects in human-computer interaction for cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, its influence as a confounding factor in user studies, and identifies methods that researchers can adopt to reduce its impact on study findings. By the end of this workshop, attendees will be equipped to incorporate placebo control measures in their experimental designs

Simulación computacional de la transferencia de calor en herramientas usadas en soldadura por fricción-agitación

Friction Stir Welding is a process used for joining metals, mainly of low melting temperature, such as aluminum alloys. Studies involving the tool used in this welding process, focusing mainly on quantifying the effect of geometry on the final properties of the welded joint. In this paper it was studied the effect of the tool geometry in the heat dissipation, using computer simulation, specifically the module CFX of Ansys®14.5. They were considered three tool geometries, each built in a modular way with three parts: Collet Chuck, Shank and Implant. The virtual assembly was subjected to simulation models for the calculation of temperature and heating time. The models were evaluated, considering as welding parameters: Welding Speeds of 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm.min−1 and Rotation Speed of 700, 800, 900 and 1000 rpm. For the calculation it was assume that the temperature reached on the implant (Shoulder and Pin) were 500°C, in a welding time of 1 hour. The results allow to improve the tools design with a shorter shank and allows to confirm the effectiveness of using fins on the shank for greater heat dissipation, being more effective the use of Fins Displaced towards the insert in comparison with System with Fins on the Rod Center.La soldadura por fricción-agitación es un proceso empleado para la unión de metales, principalmente de baja resistencia mecánica, como aleaciones de aluminio. Los estudios que involucran la herramienta usada en este proceso de soldadura, se centran principalmente en cuantificar el efecto que la geometría ejerce en las propiedades finales de la junta. En este trabajo se estudia el efecto de la geometría de la herramienta en la disipación de calor, utilizando simulación computacional, específicamente el módulo CFX de Ansys®14.5. Fueron considerados tres geometrías de herramienta, cada una construida de forma modular con tres partes: cono, vástago e implante; el ensamble virtual fue sometido a simulación con modelos para el cálculo de la temperatura y tiempos de calentamiento. Los modelos fueron evaluados considerando como parámetros de soldadura las velocidades de avance de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mm.min-1 y rotación de 700, 800, 900 y 1000 rpm. Para el cálculo se consideró que la temperatura alcanzada en el implante (hombro y pin) es de 500 °C, con tiempo de soldadura es de 1 hora. Los resultados permiten refinar el diseño de herramientas con vástagos más cortos; confirma la efectividad del uso de aletas en el vástago para mayor disipación de calor, siendo más efectivo el uso de aletas desplazadas hacia el inserto en comparación con el sistema de aletas con estas en el centr

Simulación computacional de la transferencia de calor en herramientas usadas en soldadura por fricción-agitación

Friction Stir Welding is a process used for joining metals, mainly of low melting temperature, such as aluminum alloys. Studies involving the tool used in this welding process, focusing mainly on quantifying the effect of geometry on the final properties of the welded joint. In this paper it was studied the effect of the tool geometry in the heat dissipation, using computer simulation, specifically the module CFX of Ansys®14.5. They were considered three tool geometries, each built in a modular way with three parts: Collet Chuck, Shank and Implant. The virtual assembly was subjected to simulation models for the calculation of temperature and heating time. The models were evaluated, considering as welding parameters: Welding Speeds of 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm.min−1 and Rotation Speed of 700, 800, 900 and 1000 rpm. For the calculation it was assume that the temperature reached on the implant (Shoulder and Pin) were 500°C, in a welding time of 1 hour. The results allow to improve the tools design with a shorter shank and allows to confirm the effectiveness of using fins on the shank for greater heat dissipation, being more effective the use of Fins Displaced towards the insert in comparison with System with Fins on the Rod Center.La soldadura por fricción-agitación es un proceso empleado para la unión de metales, principalmente de baja resistencia mecánica, como aleaciones de aluminio. Los estudios que involucran la herramienta usada en este proceso de soldadura, se centran principalmente en cuantificar el efecto que la geometría ejerce en las propiedades finales de la junta. En este trabajo se estudia el efecto de la geometría de la herramienta en la disipación de calor, utilizando simulación computacional, específicamente el módulo CFX de Ansys®14.5. Fueron considerados tres geometrías de herramienta, cada una construida de forma modular con tres partes: cono, vástago e implante; el ensamble virtual fue sometido a simulación con modelos para el cálculo de la temperatura y tiempos de calentamiento. Los modelos fueron evaluados considerando como parámetros de soldadura las velocidades de avance de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mm.min-1 y rotación de 700, 800, 900 y 1000 rpm. Para el cálculo se consideró que la temperatura alcanzada en el implante (hombro y pin) es de 500 °C, con tiempo de soldadura es de 1 hora. Los resultados permiten refinar el diseño de herramientas con vástagos más cortos; confirma la efectividad del uso de aletas en el vástago para mayor disipación de calor, siendo más efectivo el uso de aletas desplazadas hacia el inserto en comparación con el sistema de aletas con estas en el centr

Sistema tracionador de intervenção compreendendo um umbilical

PETROBRASUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulEngenhariaInformáticaDepositad

Tocar para crer : explorando simulação baseada em física e haptica para sentir mundos virtuais

Modeling the real is a responsibility which different fields assumed through history, from philosophy to physics. Although the objective is similar, the strategies used to model real- world are different from field to field. Nowadays, the modeling of the world took a more tangible significance: Being in the modeled world, existing in the artificial world instead of the actual world. However, the path to get an artificial world equal to the real world is long and arduous. In this manuscript, we address this issue by exploring methods in computer graphics (Physics-based animation) and haptics to project a sensory represen- tation of the actual world into the artificial world. We report results on Position based dynamics for simulating phase-change phenomena and interaction in VR with physical objects. Also, Ultrasound phased arrays, as well as wearable haptics for stiffness and softness rendering are studied.Modelar o mundo real é uma responsabilidade que diferentes campos já assumiram atra- vés da história, da filosofia à física. Embora o objetivo seja semelhante, os meios utili- zados para modelar o mundo real são diferentes de campo para campo. Hoje em dia, a modelagem do mundo tomou um significado mais tangível: Estar no mundo modelado, existindo no mundo artificial em vez do mundo real. No entanto, o caminho para obter um mundo artificial igual ao mundo real é longo e árduo. Neste manuscrito, abordamos esta questão explorando métodos em computação gráfica (animação baseada em física) e háptica para projetar uma representação sensorial do mundo real no mundo artificial. Nós relatamos resultados em Position-based Dynamics para simular fenômenos de mudança de fase e interação em RV com objetos físicos. Além disso, são estudadas matrizes de ul- trassom faseadas assim como Wearable Haptics para rigidez e suavidade de renderização

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