Investigação e desenvolvimento nos países de língua portuguesa: pode a cooperação mover montanhas?

Realçar a importância da investigação para o desenvolvimento sustentável das regiões de montanha dos países de língua portuguesa

Characterisation of common skate species Dipturus spp. through molecular and morphological identification

Elasmobranchs are marine vertebrates with a global decline in catches due to overfishing (2). Skates and rays have particular biological characteristics including large sizes, slow growth, late reproduction and low fecundity, which increase vulnerability to fisheries (4). They present a high morphological variability during their growth, which makes a correct identification difficult; there is scientific evidence of misidentifications and mixtures of species, which prevents a proper fisheries management. In fisheries management it is very useful to combine morphological and molecular techniques for the unequivocal identification of species. The EU has established a landing ban on the common skate, Dipturus batis, which inhabits the Northeast Atlantic, and it is currently listed as "critically endangered" by the IUCN (1) due to overfishing (6). In addition, there is currently a great controversy surrounding the taxonomic confusion of this skate, since this species was considered in the literature as a single species, being in fact a complex of species formed by the provisionally named Dipturus batis and Dipturus intermedia (3, 5, 6). The aim of this study is to combine morphometric and molecular analyses for the correct identification. For the analyses, samples of Dipturus batis, Dipturus oxyrinchus and Dipturus nidarosiensis were taken. Type entire specimens were storage for morphometric analysis, and muscle samples preserved in absolute alcohol for genetic analysis. Twenty-nine morphometric measurements were taken from each type specimen and DNA extraction on muscle and amplification of two mitochondrial, genes were performed, a Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) fragment (aprox. 600pb) and a 16S fragment (aprox. 500pb). Identification was made through the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of GenBank. According to the preliminary results obtained from the analysis of the sequences, this would correspond mainly to D. batis

Mode Converter and Multiplexer with a Subwavelength Phase Shifter for Extended Broadband Operation

4 pags., 3 figs., 1 tab.On-chip mode converters and multiplexers are fundamental components to scale the capacity of silicon optical interconnects by using different spatial modes of waveguides. Recently, we proposed a low loss and compact mode converter and multiplexer consisting of a subwavelength-engineered multimode interference coupler, tapered waveguides as phase shifter and a symmetric Y-junction. However, the narrow spectral response of the tapered phase shifter limited the device crosstalk performance. In this work, we demonstrate that the use of a subwavelength grating phase shifter with low phase-shift errors substantially reduces the crosstalk and expands the operational bandwidth. A complete multiplexer-demultiplexer link consisting of two devices in back-to-back configuration was fabricated in a 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. Experimental measurements of the complete link show insertion loss below 2 dB and crosstalk less than -17 dB over a bandwidth of 245 nm (1427 - 1672 nm).is work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under grants RTI2018- 097957-B-C33, RED2018-102768-T, TEC2015-71127-C2-1-R (FPI BES- 2016-077798) and NEOTEC-CDTI-SNEO20181232 (Alcyon Photonics S.L.); and the Community of Madrid – FEDER funds (S2018/NMT-4326). This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant No. 73433

Band Depopulation of Graphene Nanoribbons Induced by Chemical Gating with Amino Groups

Altres ajuts: Xunta de Galicia (ED431G/09); Gobierno Vasco (IT1246-19, IT-1255-19); Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa (RED 2019-096); CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya; Program Interreg V-A España-Francia-Andorra (194/16 TNI)The electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be precisely tuned by chemical doping. Here we demonstrate that amino (NH) functional groups attached at the edges of chiral GNRs (chGNRs) can efficiently gate the chGNRs and lead to the valence band (VB) depopulation on a metallic surface. The NH-doped chGNRs are grown by on-surface synthesis on Au(111) using functionalized bianthracene precursors. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy resolves that the NH groups significantly upshift the bands of chGNRs, causing the Fermi level crossing of the VB onset of chGNRs. Through density functional theory simulations we confirm that the hole-doping behavior is due to an upward shift of the bands induced by the edge NH groups

Diretriz Brasileira sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular no Climatério e na Menopausa – 2024

Women, who represent approximately half of the global population according to estimates as of January 2024, may experience signs and symptoms of menopause for at least one-third of their lives, during which they have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events vary depending on the age at which MHT is initiated and the time since menopause until its initiation. Beneficial effects on CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality have been observed when MHT was initiated before the age of 60 or within 10 years after menopause. The decision regarding the initiation, dose, regimen, and duration of MHT should be made individually after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. For primary prevention of postmenopausal chronic conditions, the combined use of estrogen and progestogen is not recommended in asymptomatic women, nor is the use of estrogen alone in hysterectomized women. Hormone-dependent neoplasms contraindicate MHT. For the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal estrogen therapy may be used in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors or established CVD. For women with contraindications to MHT or who refuse it, non-hormonal therapies with proven efficacy (antidepressants, gabapentin, and fezolinetant) may improve vasomotor symptoms. Compounded hormonal implants, or "bioidentical" and "compounded" hormones, and "hormone modulation" are not recommended due to lack of scientific evidence of their effectiveness and safety.Mujeres, que representan aproximadamente la mitad de la población mundial según estimaciones de enero de 2024, pueden experimentar signos y síntomas de la menopausia durante al menos un tercio de sus vidas, durante los cuales tienen un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular. Los efectos de la terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) en la progresión de la aterosclerosis y los eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) varían según la edad en que se inicia la THM y el tiempo transcurrido desde la menopausia hasta su inicio. Se han observado efectos beneficiosos en los resultados de ECV y la mortalidad por todas las causas cuando la THM se inició antes de los 60 años o dentro de los 10 años posteriores a la menopausia. La decisión sobre la iniciación, dosis, régimen y duración de la THM debe tomarse individualmente después de discutir los beneficios y riesgos con cada paciente. Para la prevención primaria de condiciones crónicas en la posmenopausia, no se recomienda el uso combinado de estrógeno y progestágeno en mujeres asintomáticas, ni el uso de estrógeno solo en mujeres histerectomizadas. Las neoplasias dependientes de hormonas contraindican la THM. Para el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se puede usar terapia estrogénica vaginal en pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular conocidos o ECV establecida. Para mujeres con contraindicaciones a la THM o que la rechazan, las terapias no hormonales con eficacia demostrada (antidepresivos, gabapentina y fezolinetant) pueden mejorar los síntomas vasomotores. Los implantes hormonales compuestos, o hormonas "bioidénticas" y "compuestas", y la "modulación hormonal" no se recomiendan debido a la falta de evidencia científica sobre su efectividad y seguridad.As mulheres, que representam cerca de metade da população mundial segundo estimativas de janeiro de 2024, podem sofrer com sinais e sintomas da menopausa durante pelo menos um terço de suas vidas, quando apresentam maiores risco e morbimortalidade cardiovasculares. Os efeitos da terapia hormonal da menopausa (THM) na progressão de eventos de aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular (DCV) variam de acordo com a idade em que a THM é iniciada e o tempo desde a menopausa até esse início. Efeitos benéficos nos resultados de DCV e na mortalidade por todas as causas ocorreram quando a THM foi iniciada antes dos 60 anos de idade ou nos 10 anos que se seguiram à menopausa. A decisão sobre o início, a dose, o regime e a duração da THM deve ser tomada individualmente após discussão sobre benefícios e riscos com cada paciente. Para a prevenção primária de condições crônicas na pós-menopausa, não se recomendam o uso combinado de estrogênio e progestagênio em mulheres assintomáticas nem o uso de estrogênio sozinho em mulheres histerectomizadas. Neoplasias hormônio-dependentes contraindicam a THM. Para tratamento da síndrome geniturinária da menopausa, pode-se utilizar terapia estrogênica por via vaginal em pacientes com fatores de risco cardiovascular conhecidos ou DCV estabelecida. Para mulheres com contraindicação à THM ou que a recusam, terapias não hormonais com eficácia comprovada (antidepressivos, gabapentina e fezolinetante) podem melhorar os sintomas vasomotores. Os implantes hormonais manipulados, ou hormônios “bioidênticos” “manipulados”, e a ‘modulação hormonal’ não são recomendados pela falta de evidência científica de sua eficácia e segurança

Josefina Vidal (1883-1908) : a modernist poet, forgotten between two centuries

Con la presente investigación pretendemos centrarnos en la vida y obra de Josefina Vidal, una poeta cordobesa que cultivó poesía y prosa entre 1903 y 1907, hasta su repentina muerte en 1908. Para ello nos nutrimos, principalmente, de sus dos poemarios: Vibraciones (1903) y Lira andaluza (1906), y de varias colaboraciones en la prensa del momento. Sus obras muestran la dicotomía de una mujer entre dos siglos: versos completamente románticos, sentimentales, frente a estrofas modernistas, exóticas y sensoriales, junto al colorismo andaluz, que también es una de sus características. A través del desarrollo de sus temas, su voz poética, su estilo y sus influencias, donde situamos a Rubén Darío, J.R. Jiménez o los hermanos Machado entre otros, la enfocamos dentro de la Otra Edad de Plata, en la línea de investigación del rescate de la memoria histórica a través de figuras olvidadas por el canon.With this research we want to focus on the life and work of Josefina Vidal, a poet who cultivated poetry and prose between 1903 and 1907, until his sudden early death in 1908. For this we use her two books : Vibraciones ( 1903) and Lira andaluza (1906 ), and several collaborations in some magacines. His works show the dichotomy of a woman between two centuries: completely romantic and sentimental, against modernists, exotic and sensory verses. Between the development of his subjects, his poetic voice, his style and influences, where we found R.Dario, J.R. Jiménez or Machado´s brothers among, the focus within the Other Silver Age, in the research of the rescue of the historical memory through the canon forgotten figures.Depto. de Literaturas Hispánicas y BibliografíaFac. de FilologíaTRUEpu

Visual occlusion effects on youth football players' performance during small-sided games.

This study aimed to explore how youth players' physical, technical and positional performance may be affected by visual occlusion when playing under different SSG pitch sizes. Under-15 players performed two experimental scenarios: a) normal situation, without visual occlusion; b) visual occlusion, by using an eye patch in the eye corresponding to the dominant foot. These scenarios were tested in a small (40x30m) and a larger pitch (50x35m). Players' positional data was used to compute tactical and time-motion variables. In addition, technical analysis was comprised using video footage. Playing with visual occlusion in the larger pitch size induced higher distance covered while walking but lower running distance (p < .05). Although no statistically significant effects were identified between the normal and visual occlusion conditions for the tactical behaviour and technical performance a lower number of successful passes (small to moderate effect sizes) and higher regularity in the distance to the opponent's team centroid (moderate effect size) were found with visual occlusion. Players covered more distance and achieved higher maximum speed in the larger compared to the small pitch (moderate to large effect size, p < .05), while also increasing their distance to both team's centroid and increasing the regularity to these distances (moderate to large effect size, p < .05). Overall, despite similar effects for tactical and technical variables, some important practical information can be depicted. Accordingly, coaches may use the visual occlusion to promote more stable and regular behaviors while decreasing the physical demands. Larger pitches may be used to increase the distance between players' and teams, as well as to induce higher physical load in both the normal and visual occlusion conditions. From the technical perspective, coaches may design smaller pitches to emphasize the use of the non-dominant foot during the occlusion scenario and promote the pass during the normal scenario

Efeitos da oclusão visual no desempenho de jovens jogadores de futebol durante a prática de jogos reduzidos

This study aimed to explore how youth players’ physical, technical and positional performance may be affected by visual occlusion during small-sided games. Under-15 players performed two experimental scenarios: a) normal situation (N), without visual occlusion; b) with visual occlusion (VO), by using an eye patch in the eye corresponding to the dominant foot. These scenarios were tested in a Gk+4vs4+Gk game format in a 50x35m pitch size. Players’ positional data was used to compute tactical and time-motion variables. In addition, technical analysis was comprised using video footage. Results reported high distance covered while walking (large effect size (ES)) under the VO condition, but also lower distances at higher speed ranges (moderate to large ES). From the technical perspective, under VO condition, players performed less successfully, and unsuccessful dribbles (both small ES) possibly as result of increased touches with non-dominant foot (small ES). In addition, lower approximate entropy values (meaning higher predictable time series) in the distance to the team (small ES) and opponent team centroid (moderate ES) were found when playing with VO. Accordingly, coaches may use the VO to expose the players to more challenging environments that guide them towards more adaptive technical actions, stable and regular movement behaviours while decreasing the physical demands