Evaluation of emerging audio description systems for broadcast TV

Following EU directives on Media Access and Ambient Assisted Living, the broadcasting industry needs to introduce new services in order to guarantee access to all citizens. The article and its conclusions are part of the EU project DTV4ALL, which focuses on some possible broadcasting scenarios for achieving barrier - free television for those with visual impairments. Five enhanced Audiodescription (AD) scenarios were proposed and evaluated: 1) Live streaming Internet TV with AD, 2) AD reception in a group situation, 3) Video on demand over aset - top - box , 4) Video on PC and 5) Podcasts. User evaluation concerning usefulness, quality and usability of the services was assessed using questionnaires. Results of the user evaluation show that not only are AD emerging services technically viable but they are also positively rated by users. Implementation of these services will provide improved access to content, making TV accessible for all

Is subtitling equally effective everywhere? A first cross-national study on the reception of interlingually subtitled messages

Recent research on the reception of interlingual subtitling revealed that it is cognitively effective: watching a subtitled film results in a good understanding of the film content, it does not require a significant tradeoff between image processing and text processing, and it leads to a good performance in the recognition of the words and expressions contained in the subtitles. To date, the studies that revealed the effectiveness of subtitle processing have been conducted mono-nationally - e.g. d'Ydewalle and De Bruycker (2007) in Belgium; Wissmath et al. (2009) in Switzerland; Perego et al. (2010, 2015) in Italy; Hinkin et al. (2014) in the US. However, it has not yet been demonstrated empirically whether subtitle effectiveness varies depending on the familiarity of viewers with subtitles. The crossnational study described in this paper aims to fill this gap and appraise the cognitive performance and overall appreciation of a moderately complex subtitled film by viewers with different degrees of familiarity with subtitles, i.e., viewers living in countries (Italy, Spain, Poland and Dutch-speaking Belgium) with different audiovisual translation traditions. The main findings reveal that subtitling is effective irrespective of users' familiarity with it, although it is not enjoyed equally among the tested populations

Laboratori virtual de psicologia bàsica : l'experiència com a clau de l'aprenentatge

El Laboratori Virtual de Psicologia Bàsica (LVPB) és una eina que pretén aprofitar les noves tecnologies per donar un nou enfocament al procés d'aprenentatge dels processos psicològics bàsics. Amb el LVPB s'acompanya a l'estudiant en un recorregut a través d'experiments que s'han convertit en clàssics de la Psicologia Cognitiva amb l'objectiu d'assolir coneixements relacionats amb els processos cognitius a partir de la pròpia experiència. La plataforma conté experiments provinents de l'estudi de l'atenció, l'emoció, el llenguatge, la memòria, la motivació, el pensament i la percepció. En cada experiment, el LVPB presenta un text d'introducció amb enllaços als articles originals on s'ha proposat per primera vegada. Després d'aquesta primera presa de contacte l'estudiant pot realitzar l'experiment, fent de subjecte experimental. A posteriori, el sistema li permetrà veure els resultats generats en la seva (o seves) sessió experimental. El sistema orientarà a l'estudiant en l'anàlisi de dades mitjançant quadres d'ajuda que aniran apareixent en forma de "pop-out" en relació al punt d'anàlisi de dades en el que es troba l'estudiant (depuració de dades, generació de gràfiques o informe). El LVPB es basa en la plataforma d'e-learning Moodle, fet que permet que cada estudiant tingui el seu propi espai on guardar els resultats i les anàlisis que ha realitzat. Tota la interacció amb el sistema queda registrada i pot ésser consultada tant per l'estudiant com pel seu professor en qualsevol moment. Això permet que el LVPB pugui ser utilitzat també com a eina d'avaluació per part del professor.The Virtual Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology (LVPB) is a tool that tries to take advantage of the new technologies in order to give a new approach to the learning process of the psychological basic processes. In the LVPB the student is accompanied in a tour across several experiments with the aim of achieving knowledge related to the cognitive processes from his/her own experience. The platform contains experiments from the study of attention, emotion, language, memory, motivation, thinking and perception. In every experiment, the student finds a text of presentation with links to the original articles where they have appeared for the first time. After this first contact, the student runs the experiment and the system shows him/her the raw data, i.e. the results, without any analysis. The student is led towards the analysis of the information, allowing him/her to generate different graphs on the results whose interpretation is supported on texts prepared by the teachers who have designed the experiment. The LVPB is supported on the e-learning Moodle platform, which allows every student to have his/her own space in order to keep the results and the analyses that he/she has performed. The whole interaction with the system is registered and can be recovered at any moment. Because of that, the LVPB can also be used as an assessment tool

The reception of subtitled colloquial language in Catalan: an eye-tracking exploratory study

Usually, colloquial oral features in audiovisual fiction disappear when the oral language is transferred into written text by means of interlingual subtitles. Expressive devices and colloquial items are often omitted for the sake of condensation; standard forms generally substitute non-standard units; and grammatical mistakes are often corrected. However, not all the agents involved in the subtitling industry tackle this issue in the same way. For instance, at the Catalan Television (TVC), there has been an internal debate concerning the use of non-standard forms in subtitles, particularly concerning colloquial pronominal clitics. Moving away from this debate, by using eye- tracking technologies and questionnaires, this exploratory study aims to investigate whether using non-standard colloquial pronominal clitics instead of standard pronominal clitics alters the reception of the audiovisual product, and whether this approach is effective in transmitting the colloquial flavour of the dialogue

Laboratori virtual de psicologia bàsica: l'experiència com a clau de l'aprenentatge

El Laboratori Virtual de Psicologia Bàsica (LVPB) és una eina que acompanya l'estudiant en un recorregut a través d'experiments que s'han convertit en clàssics de la Psicologia Cognitiva. La plataforma reprodueix experiments provinents de l'estudi de l'atenció, l'emoció, el llenguatge, la memòria, la motivació, el pensament i la percepció. En cada experiment, l'LVPB presenta un text introductori amb alguns articles de referència on es van proposar per primera vegada aquests experiments. L'LVPB es basa en la plataforma d'aprenentatge electrònic Moodle, que permet que cada estudiant tingui el seu espai en el qual guardar les dades, els resultats i les anàlisis que hagi fet. Tota la interacció amb el sistema queda enregistrada i la pot consultar tant l'estudiant com el professorat en qualsevol moment. Això permet que l'LVPB es pugui utilitzar també com a eina d'avaluació del professor.El Laboratorio Virtual de Psicología Básica (LVPB) es una herramienta que acom-paña al estudiante en un recorrido a través de experimentos que se han convertidoen clásicos de la Psicología Cognitiva. La plataforma reproduce experimentos prove-nientes del estudio de la atención, la emoción, el lenguaje, la memoria, la motiva-ción, el pensamiento y la percepción.En cada experimento, el LVPB presenta un texto introductorio con algunos artí-culos de referencia donde se propusieron por primera vez estos experimentos.El LVPB se basa en la plataforma de aprendizaje electrónico Moodle, que permiteque cada estudiante tenga su espacio en el cual guardar los datos, los resultados ylos análisis que haya hecho. Toda la interacción con el sistema queda registrada y lapuede consultar tanto el estudiante como el profesorado en cualquier momento. Esopermite que el LVPB se pueda utilizar también como herramienta de evaluación delprofesor.The Virtual Basic Psychology Laboratory (VBPL) is a tool that accompanies thestudent on a journey through experiments that have become classics in the Cognitive Psychology field. The platform reproduces experiments from the study ofemotion, language, memory, motivation, thought and perception. In each experiment, the VBPL presents an introductory text with some articlesfor reference, where these experiments were suggested for the first time. The VBPL is based on the Moodle e-learning platform, which enables eachstudent to have their own space for saving the data, results and analysis that they haveproduced. All interaction with the system is recorded and can be consulted by boththe student and the teacher at any time. This also enables the VBPL to be used as anassessment tool by the teacher

The reception of subtitled colloquial language in Catalan : en eye-tracking exploratory study

Usually, colloquial oral features in audiovisual fiction disappear when the oral language is transferred into written text by means of interlingual subtitles. Expressive devices and colloquial items are often omitted for the sake of condensation; standard forms generally substitute non-standard units; and grammatical mistakes are often corrected. However, not all the agents involved in the subtitling industry tackle this issue in the same way. For instance, at the Catalan Television (TVC), there has been an internal debate concerning the use of non-standard forms in subtitles, particularly concerning colloquial pronominal clitics. Moving away from this debate, by using eyetracking technologies and questionnaires, this exploratory study aims to investigate whether using non-standard colloquial pronominal clitics instead of standard pronominal clitics alters the reception of the audiovisual product, and whether this approach is effective in transmitting the colloquial flavour of the dialogues

The Susceptibility Trends of Respiratory and Enteric Porcine Pathogens to Last-Resource Antimicrobials

Monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility of last-resource antimicrobials for veterinary pathogens is urgently needed from a one-health perspective. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of Spanish porcine bacteria to quinolones, cephalosporins, and polymyxins. Isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli were isolated from sick pigs from 2019 to 2022. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) following an internationally accepted methodology. The MIC categorization was based on distributing the range of MIC values in four categories, with category one being the most susceptible (lowest MIC value) and category four the least susceptible (highest MIC value). Moreover, clinical susceptibility (susceptible/non-susceptible) was also determined according to the CLSI and EUCAST clinical breakpoints. A logistic and multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the susceptibility data for dichotomized and categorized MIC data, respectively, for any pair of antimicrobial/microorganism. In general terms, the antimicrobial susceptibility of pig bacteria to these antimicrobials remained stable or increased in the last four years in Spain. In the case of A. pleuropneumoniae and quinolones, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019. In the case of E. coli and polymyxins, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 and 2021 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019 and 2020, respectively. Finally, significant odds of being less susceptible were only observed for cephalosporins and E. coli for 2020 versus 2019, stagnating for the rest of study period. These results provide sound data on critically important antimicrobials in swine medicine.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antimicrobial stewardship for respiratory pathogens in swine

The aim of this study was to set up antimicrobial stewardship for swine respiratory pathogens following the recommendation from the European Medicine Agency. The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility pattern recommended using antimicrobial stewardship for each clinical case instead of treatment guidelines focused on pathogens. Thus, the bacteria are isolated and the MIC values, the clinical interpretation for each antimicrobial (susceptible or resistant), additional information about the distance between the MIC obtained and the clinical breakpoint, and set up for each drug, are represented in the report provided for veterinarians. A graph from green (susceptible) to red (resistant) is enclosed for each antimicrobial and microorganism in the report. The greener, the more susceptible is the strain, and the redder, the less susceptible is the strain for each particular antimicrobial. This information could help veterinarians to select the most suitable antimicrobial from first, second, or last option antimicrobials. Thus, veterinarians should choose the antimicrobial, inside each option, with the best antimicrobial susceptibility pattern that corresponds with the greener status in the report. The information provided in the report could be useful for all clinical cases, caused by a certain bacterium within the same pig production system, if an epidemiological link could be established

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Porcine Bacterial Pathogens: Investigating the prospect of testing a representative drug for each antimicrobial family

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is necessary to carry out antimicrobial stewardship but a limited number of drugs belonging to each antimicrobial family has to be tested for techni- cal limitations and economic resources. In this study, we have determined the minimal inhibitory concentration, using microdilution following international standards (CLSI), for 490 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 285 Pasteurella multocida, 73 Bordetella bronchiseptica, 398 Streptococcus suis and 1571 Escherichia coli strains from clinical cases collected in Spain between 2018 and 2020. The an- timicrobial susceptibility pattern was deciphered using a principal component analysis for each bacterium and a matrix correlation (high > 0.8, medium 0.5-0.8 and low < 0.5) was obtained for each pair of antimicrobials. No significant associations were observed between MIC patterns for different antimicrobial families, suggesting that co-selection mechanisms are not generally present in these porcine pathogens. However, a high correlation was observed between the fluroquinolones (mar- bofloxacin and enrofloxacin) for all mentioned pathogens and for ceftiofur and cefquinome for E. coli and S. suis. Moreover, a significant association was also observed for tetracyclines (doxycycline and oxytetracycline) and B. bronchiseptica and tildipirosin/tulathromycin for P. multocida. These results suggest that generally, a representative drug per antimicrobial class cannot be selected, however, for some drug-bug combinations, MIC values from one representative drug could be extrapolated to the whole antimicrobial family