Production of green nano zero-valent iron (G-nZVI) particles using polyphenol extracts of Tawa-tawa (Euphorbia hirta linn) leaves and green tea (Camelia sinensis) leaves

Green synthesis of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) can be used for environmental remediation. In this study, nZVI was produced from the extracts of Tawa-tawa (Euphorbia hirta) and Green tea (Camelia sinensis) leaves using Fe2+ and Fe3+ precursors. Solid-liquid extraction was used to obtain the extract of oven-dried Tawa-tawa and Green tea leaves with 60% v/v ethanol at a fixed solid-liquid ratio (1:20) and varying time (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min). Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by Follin Ciocalteu method. The extraction time of 60 min yielded the highest average TPC values of 7.26 xx0.01 mg GAE/ g of Tawa-tawa dried sample and 5.23 //0.13 mg GAE/g of Green tea dried sample. To produce 0.1 gram of nZVI, 12 mL and 6 mL tawa-tawa extract were needed for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. For green tea, 24 mL and 20 mL extracts were needed for Fe2+ and Fe3+ to obtain the same amount of particles. G-nZVI has a particle diameter ranging from 50 nm to 130 nm, and mainly composed of iron and oxygen. Synthesized nZVIs from Tawa-tawa and Green tea reduced the nitrates (as nitrogen) concentration from 99.35 mg-L-1 to 42.32 mg-L-1 and 48.77 mg-L-1, respectively

Competitive effects for the adsorption of copper, cadmium and lead ions using modified activated carbon from bambo

Modified activated carbon from bamboo was used as a low-cost potential adsorbent to remove cadmium, copper and lead in single, bimetal and trimetal aqueous solutions. Using the initial concentration of 40 ppm, the analysis was conducted to determine the effect of pH (2.5, 3.0, and 5.5), contact time (60, 90, 120 min) and adsorbent dosage (20, 40, 60 mg/50 mL of solution). Results showed that for single metal aqueous solution, the % adsorption for Cu, Cd, and Pb were 89.0%, 87.4%, and 99.5% respectively. For bimetal aqueous solution the % adsorption of CuCd, CuPb, CdCu, CdPb, PbCu,and PbCd were 90.6%, 98.9%, 55.1%, 80.7%, 99.6%, and 96.05%, respectively. While for trimetal aqueous solutions, % adsorption of Cu, Cd, and Pb were 87.4%, 73.0%, and 98.4%, respectively. The % removal uptake followed the order Pb > Cu> Cd gave insights into competition effects among the three solutes during the adsorption process. Using Box–Behnken Design, the effect pH of the aqueous solution is an important controlling parameter in which the % adsorption increased as the pH level is increased while other parameters were insignificant

Competitive effects for the adsorption of copper, cadmium and lead ions using modified activated carbon from bambo

Modified activated carbon from bamboo was used as a low-cost potential adsorbent to remove cadmium, copper and lead in single, bimetal and trimetal aqueous solutions. Using the initial concentration of 40 ppm, the analysis was conducted to determine the effect of pH (2.5, 3.0, and 5.5), contact time (60, 90, 120 min) and adsorbent dosage (20, 40, 60 mg/50 mL of solution). Results showed that for single metal aqueous solution, the % adsorption for Cu, Cd, and Pb were 89.0%, 87.4%, and 99.5% respectively. For bimetal aqueous solution the % adsorption of CuCd, CuPb, CdCu, CdPb, PbCu,and PbCd were 90.6%, 98.9%, 55.1%, 80.7%, 99.6%, and 96.05%, respectively. While for trimetal aqueous solutions, % adsorption of Cu, Cd, and Pb were 87.4%, 73.0%, and 98.4%, respectively. The % removal uptake followed the order Pb > Cu> Cd gave insights into competition effects among the three solutes during the adsorption process. Using Box–Behnken Design, the effect pH of the aqueous solution is an important controlling parameter in which the % adsorption increased as the pH level is increased while other parameters were insignificant

Production of green nano zero-valent iron (G-nZVI) particles using polyphenol extracts of Tawa-tawa (

Green synthesis of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) can be used for environmental remediation. In this study, nZVI was produced from the extracts of Tawa-tawa (Euphorbia hirta) and Green tea (Camelia sinensis) leaves using Fe2+ and Fe3+ precursors. Solid-liquid extraction was used to obtain the extract of oven-dried Tawa-tawa and Green tea leaves with 60% v/v ethanol at a fixed solid-liquid ratio (1:20) and varying time (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min). Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by Follin Ciocalteu method. The extraction time of 60 min yielded the highest average TPC values of 7.26 xx0.01 mg GAE/ g of Tawa-tawa dried sample and 5.23 //0.13 mg GAE/g of Green tea dried sample. To produce 0.1 gram of nZVI, 12 mL and 6 mL tawa-tawa extract were needed for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. For green tea, 24 mL and 20 mL extracts were needed for Fe2+ and Fe3+ to obtain the same amount of particles. G-nZVI has a particle diameter ranging from 50 nm to 130 nm, and mainly composed of iron and oxygen. Synthesized nZVIs from Tawa-tawa and Green tea reduced the nitrates (as nitrogen) concentration from 99.35 mg-L-1 to 42.32 mg-L-1 and 48.77 mg-L-1, respectively