Deamidated lipocalin-2 induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in dietary obese mice

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Endothelium-selective activation of AMP-activated protein kinase improves re-endothelialization and vascular function via induction of heme oxygenase-1 in diabetic mice

This journal suppl. entitled: EDHF 2012 - 10th Anniversary MeetingReduced number and impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) exacerbate vascular injury in diabetes. As AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a target of several anti-diabetic and cardiovascular drugs, this study investigated whether endothelium-selective activation of AMPK prevents diabetes-induced impairment in endothelial repair and vasoreactivity by impro...postprin

Elevated 20-Hete contributes to the improved endothelial function in lipocalin-2 deficient mice

This journal suppl. entitled: EDHF 2012 - 10th Anniversary MeetingLipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein constitutively secreted from adipocytes. In obese human subjects, the circulating lipocalin-2 level is elevated and positively correlated with systolic arterial blood pressure, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In mice, deficiency of lipocalin-2 protects against aging- and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and CYP4502C express...postprin

Identification of Host Genes Involved in Geminivirus Infection Using a Reverse Genetics Approach

Geminiviruses, like all viruses, rely on the host cell machinery to establish a successful infection, but the identity and function of these required host proteins remain largely unknown. Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), a monopartite geminivirus, is one of the causal agents of the devastating Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). The transgenic 2IRGFP N. benthamiana plants, used in combination with Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), entail an important potential as a tool in reverse genetics studies to identify host factors involved in TYLCSV infection. Using these transgenic plants, we have made an accurate description of the evolution of TYLCSV replication in the host in both space and time. Moreover, we have determined that TYLCSV and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) do not dramatically influence each other when co-infected in N. benthamiana, what makes the use of TRV-induced gene silencing in combination with TYLCSV for reverse genetic studies feasible. Finally, we have tested the effect of silencing candidate host genes on TYLCSV infection, identifying eighteen genes potentially involved in this process, fifteen of which had never been implicated in geminiviral infections before. Seven of the analyzed genes have a potential anti-viral effect, whereas the expression of the other eleven is required for a full infection. Interestingly, almost half of the genes altering TYLCSV infection play a role in postranslational modifications. Therefore, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying geminivirus infections, and at the same time reveal the 2IRGFP/VIGS system as a powerful tool for functional reverse genetics studies

Les sols d'Ille et Vilaine

*INRA, URD, Domaine de la Motte, BP 29, 35653 Le Rheu cedex Diffusion du document : INRA, URD, Domaine de la Motte, BP 29, 35653 Le Rheu cedexNational audienc

Nonpenetrating stapling: A valuable alternative for coronary anastomoses?

Background. The safe development of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass operations might require alternatives to conventional suture-based anastomotic techniques. In this setting, nonpenetrating stapling is an attractive option because of its simplicity of use and potential for improved endothelial preservation. Methods and Results. In the experimental part of this study, porcine internal mammary arteries were anastomosed to left anterior descending coronary arteries using either an 8-0 polypropylene running suture or nonpenetrating microclips (7 anastomoses in each group). The endothelium-dependent relaxations to bradykinin of the arterial rings bearing the anastomosis and of noninstrumented rings were compared in organ chamber experiments. There were no significant differences in maximal relaxations (mean ± SEM) between the microclipped and sutured anastomoses (81% ± 7% versus 74% ± 10%), which were both significantly lower than those of control coronary rings (98% ± 2%, p = 0.001 versus the two anastomosed groups). Histologic examination showed a comparable preservation of the coronary and graft endothelium with both techniques. The clinical part of the study comprised 7 patients in whom the left internal mammary artery was conventionally sutured to the left anterior descending whereas 13 saphenous vein grafts were anastomosed to their target vessels by nonpenetrating staples. There were no clip-related complications. An angiographic assessment of the venous grafts was performed within 10 days postoperatively in all patients. One graft is presumably occluded. The 12 remaining conduits were patent with stapled anastomoses featuring a widely open 'shark-mouth' configuration. Conclusions. These preliminary data suggest that nonpenetrating stapling is an easy-to-use technique that competes well with conventional suturing, at least in terms of immediate results. Further studies are warranted to better define its potential place within the armamentarium of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass techniques.link_to_subscribed_fulltex