5 research outputs found

    Involvement of the Jak/STAT pathway in platelet-activating factor receptor signaling

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    Le facteur activateur de plaquettes (PAF) est un mĂ©diateur phospholipidique, exerçant son influence au niveau des systĂšmes nerveux, cardio-vasculaire, reproducteur, respiratoire et immunitaire. Le PAF est produit par une grande variĂ©tĂ© de cellules, incluant les monocytes/macrophages, neutrophiles, lymphocytes et cellules endothĂ©liales. Ces cellules pettvent ĂȘtre Ă  la fois source et cible du PAF. Les effets du PAF passent par l'activation d'un rĂ©cepteur spĂ©cifique faisant partie de la grande famille des rĂ©cepteurs couplĂ©s aux protĂ©ines G (GPCRs). Une fois stimulĂ©s, les rĂ©cepteurs du PAF peuvent activer des effecteurs variĂ©s: des canaux ioniques, des adĂ©nylate cyclases, des phospholipases (PLA2, PLC, PLD) et certaines kinases (PKC, PI3K, MAPK). Il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que les inhibiteurs des protĂ©ines kinases inhibent l'activation de PLD, MAPK et PLA2 induite par le PAF. La nature des kinases impliquĂ©es reste mĂ©connue, cependant. Dans cette Ă©tude, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que le PAF active des tyrosine kinases Jak2 et Tyk2 dans les cellules des lignĂ©es myĂ©loĂŻdes MonoMac-1 et U937, ainsi que dans les cellules COS-7 transfectĂ©es de façon transitoire avec le rĂ©cepteur du PAF et les kinases. Il s'ensuit alors une phosphorylation des rĂ©sidus tyrosines des facteurs STATl, STAT2, STAT3 et STAT5 ainsi qu'une translocation des STATl et STAT3 au noyau. Nous avons trouvĂ© que Tyk2 est associĂ©e avec le rĂ©cepteur du PAF et qu'elle est nĂ©cessaire pour l'activation du promoteur du PAFR. Pour Ă©tudier les mĂ©canismes de la transcription du P AFR dependant de Tyk2, nous avons utilisĂ© les rĂ©cepteurs mutants non-couplĂ©s aux protĂ©ines G. Nous avons aussi crĂ©Ă© des minigĂšnes codant pour les boucles intracellulaires du P AFR et examinĂ© leur capacitĂ© Ă  inhiber la signalisation. Nous avons trouvĂ© que les rĂ©cepteurs mutants D63N, D289A, Y293A, non-couplĂ©s aux protĂ©ines G, Ă©taient capables d'induire l'activation du promoteur du PAFR via Tyk2. Nous avons dĂ©terminĂ© que la deuxiĂšme boucle intracellulaire et la queue C-terminale du rĂ©cepteur sont importantes pour la transcription du PAFR dependante de Tyk2. De plus, la substitution E51A dans la premiĂšre boucle intracellulaire du P AFR abolit la capacitĂ© du rĂ©cepteur Ă  induire l'activation du promoteur du P AFR. Nous avons aussi explorĂ© les mĂ©canismes de l'activation de Jak2 par PAFR. Nous avons trouvĂ© que Jak2 est activĂ©e par le PAF indĂ©pendamment des protĂ©ines G, de l'internalisation et de la translocation des arrestines. L'association de Jak2 avec le rĂ©cepteur a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©e aprĂšs la stimulation par le PAF et seulement en prĂ©sence de Tyk2 active. L'activitĂ© catalytique de Tyk2 a aussi Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©e dans l'activation de Jak2 aprĂšs stimulation par le PAF. La co-expression d'un mutant dominant nĂ©gatif de Tyk2, K930I, a aboli la phosphorylation de Jak2. À l'aide des mutants de dĂ©lĂ©tion de Tyk2 et du P AFR ainsi que des protĂ©ines de fusion, portant des boucles intracellulaires du P AFR, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que P AFR a des sites multiples de liaison de Tyk2. En rĂ©sumĂ©, notre travail dĂ©montre que le rĂ©cepteur du PAF induit la voie d'activation Jak/STAT et que cette voie joue un rĂŽle dans la rĂ©gulation transcriptionelle du promoteur du P AFR. En plus, nous avons dĂ©fini les mĂ©canismes d'activation de Tyk2 et Jak2 comme indĂ©pendants de protĂ©ine G, de l'internalisation et des arrestines. Nous avons dĂ©terminĂ© les rĂ©gions du rĂ©cepteur importantes pour le couplage et l'activation de Tyk2.Abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid mediator involved in a variety of pathophysiological events, such as inflammation, asthma, cardiovascular disease, reproduction, and cerebral ischemia. PAF activates multiple signaling pathways and triggers a diverse array of biological actions by interacting with a specific receptor that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCR). Initially we were interested in determining whether PAF could activate the Jak/STAT pathway. This signaling cascade is known to be stimulated by cytokines and growth factors, however, recent reports indicate that it is also implicated in GPCR-mediated signal transduction. We found that PAF induced rapid Jak2 and Tyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in the monocytic cell line MonoMac-1 and in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with PAFR and Tyk2 or Jak2 cDNAs. Tyk2 activation in MonoMac-1 cells was rapid and declined to basal levels after 5 min of PAF treatment, while Jak2 phosphorylation was sustained for a longer period. In COS-7 cells, transiently expressing PAFR and Jaks, Jak2 tyrosine phosphorylation was comparable to that in MonoMac-1 cells, whereas the increase in the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2 was lower. In MonoMac-1 cells, PAF-induced activation of kinases was followed by transient tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, 2, 3 and sustained phosphorylation of STAT5 and subsequent STAT1 and STAT3 translocation to the nucleus. In a reconstituted system, PAF-mediated STAT1 and STAT3 nuclear translocation required the presence of Tyk2. PAF is known to upregulate its own receptor in certain cells. To explore the role of the Jak/STAT pathway in regulation of PAFR transcription, we used a PAFR promoter 1 construct that consists of several putative STAT-binding sites. Our results showed that Tyk2 was obligatory for PAF-stimulated PAFR promoter 1 activation. To study the mechanisms of Tyk2-dependent PAFR transcription we used mutants with impaired G-protein coupling and C-terminal deletion mutants of the receptor. We also created minigene constructs encoding the intracellular loops of PAFR and investigated their ability to inhibit signaling. We found that mutant receptors D63N, D289A, Y293A, which do not couple to G-proteins, were capable of inducing Tyk2-dependent PAFR promoter activation. We also determined that the PAFR second intracellular loop and the C-terminus of the receptor are important for Tyk2-dependent-PAFR transcription

    Involvement of the Jak/STAT pathway in platelet-activating factor receptor signaling

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    Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid mediator involved in a variety of pathophysiological events, such as inflammation, asthma, cardiovascular disease, reproduction, and cerebral ischemia. PAF activates multiple signaling pathways and triggers a diverse array of biological actions by interacting with a specific receptor that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCR). Initially we were interested in determining whether PAF could activate the Jak/STAT pathway. This signaling cascade is known to be stimulated by cytokines and growth factors, however, recent reports indicate that it is also implicated in GPCR-mediated signal transduction. We found that PAF induced rapid Jak2 and Tyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in the monocytic cell line MonoMac-1 and in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with PAFR and Tyk2 or Jak2 cDNAs. Tyk2 activation in MonoMac-1 cells was rapid and declined to basal levels after 5 min of PAF treatment, while Jak2 phosphorylation was sustained for a longer period. In COS-7 cells, transiently expressing PAFR and Jaks, Jak2 tyrosine phosphorylation was comparable to that in MonoMac-1 cells, whereas the increase in the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2 was lower. In MonoMac-1 cells, PAF-induced activation of kinases was followed by transient tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, 2, 3 and sustained phosphorylation of STAT5 and subsequent STAT1 and STAT3 translocation to the nucleus. In a reconstituted system, PAF-mediated STAT1 and STAT3 nuclear translocation required the presence of Tyk2. PAF is known to upregulate its own receptor in certain cells. To explore the role of the Jak/STAT pathway in regulation of PAFR transcription, we used a PAFR promoter 1 construct that consists of several putative STAT-binding sites. Our results showed that Tyk2 was obligatory for PAF-stimulated PAFR promoter 1 activation. To study the mechanisms of Tyk2-dependent PAFR transcription we used mutants with impaired G-protein coupling and C-terminal deletion mutants of the receptor. We also created minigene constructs encoding the intracellular loops of PAFR and investigated their ability to inhibit signaling. We found that mutant receptors D63N, D289A, Y293A, which do not couple to G-proteins, were capable of inducing Tyk2-dependent PAFR promoter activation. We also determined that the PAFR second intracellular loop and the C-terminus of the receptor are important for Tyk2-dependent-PAFR transcription
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