Оцінювання індексу безпеки водної екологічної системи

The harmful effect of wastewater factor on stenobiont organisms of the Gammaridae family is experimentally determined. Based on the defined environmental characteristics of aquatic organisms in the estuarine complex of the Southern Bug river (Mykolaiv region, Ukraine), the calculated ecological system safety index, which can vary in the range 0˂ESI˂1, takes the value of 0.18. This suggests a crisis ecological situation in the ecological system of the river and is confirmed by the graphic and analytical material, presented in the paper.Double integration (using living organisms as an integrated status indicator of the river, the lower reaches of which fully reflects the level of balance of the “man-nature” system in its basin) allows speaking about considering the principle of comprehensiveness in the evaluation results. The causal relationships between the economic complex of human and the natural systems, which primarily determine the low current value of the proposed index are analyzed. The experimental work with further ESI calculations proves the failure of regulatory evaluation of the concept of human impact on the environment to ensure the objectivity of evaluation. The result of the research is the practical implementation of new theoretical developments in the field of safety assessment of ecological systems. The resulting index value correlates well with both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the studied water ecosystem. The theoretical work on the algorithm of ensuring (management) the ecological safety of natural and socio-natural systems is also extended. The developed technique can also be used to assess the social, economic development components and for a generalized indicator of sustainable development.Обоснован механизм и приведены расчеты индекса безопасности экологической системы. Экспериментально установлен уровень вредоносности фактора сточных вод для стенобионтных организмов. На основе определенных экологических характеристиках гидробионтов реки расчитан индекс безопасности экологической системы, на примере устьевого комплекса Южного Буга (Николаевская область, Украина). Усовершенствован алгоритм управления и обеспечения экологической безопасностиОбґрунтовано механізм та наведено розрахунки індексу безпеки природної системи. Експериментально встановлено рівень шкодочинність фактору стічних вод для стенобіонтних організмів. На основі визначених екологічних характеристик гідробіонтів річки розраховано індекс безпеки екологічної системи, на прикладі гирлового комплексу Південного Бугу (Миколаївська область, Україна). Вдосконалено алгоритм управління та забезпечення екологічної безпек

Long-term trends in the longevity of scientific elites: evidence from the British and the Russian academies of science.

National science academies represent intellectual elites and vanguard groups in the achievement of longevity. We estimated life expectancy (LE) at age 50 of members of the British Royal Society (RS) for the years 1670-2007 and of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) for the years 1750-2006. The longevity of academicians was higher than that of their corresponding national populations, with the gap widening from the 1950s. Since the 1980s, LE in the RS has been higher than the maximum LE among all high-income countries. In each period, LE in the RS was greater than in the RAS, although since the 1950s it has risen in parallel in the two academies. This steep increase shared by academicians in Britain and Russia suggests that general populations have the potential for a substantial increase in survival to high ages

Efficiency of different PCR-based marker systems for assessment of Iris pumila genetic diversity

Peer reviewe

Assessment of the molecular cytogenetic, morphometric and biochemical parameters of Deschampsia antarctica from its southern range limit in maritime Antarctic

Different chromosomal forms of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), including diploids (2n=26), hypotriploid (2n=36–38) and a genotype with an occasional occurrence of B chromosome (2n=26+0-1B) that originated from southern marginal populations (Argentine Islands region, maritime Antarctic) were studied using molecular cytogenetic, morphometric and biochemical methods. FISH analysis revealed variations in the number of rDNA sites between the diploid and hypotriploid plants. The genome size varied among plants with a different chromosome number and was on average 10.88 pg/2C for diploids and 16.46 pg/2C for hypotriploid. The mean values of leaf length of plants grown in vitro varied within a range of 5.23–9.56 cm. The total phenolic content ranged from 51.10 to 105.40 mg/g, and the total flavonoid content ranged from 1.22 to 4.67 mg/g. The amount of phenolic compounds did not differ significantly between the genotypes, while a variation in the flavonoid content was observed for L59 and DAR12. The diploids did not differ significantly among each other in terms of the number of rDNA loci, but differed slightly in their genome size. The individuals of DAR12 carrying B chromosome were similar to other diploids in terms of their genome size, but statistically differed in leaf length. The hypotriploid had both a greater number of rDNA sites and a larger genome size. No statistical correlations were observed between the genome size and leaf length or genome size and accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The results of this study suggest that D. antarctica plants from the southern edge of the range are characterised by the heterogeneity of the studied parameters

Electrons in an annealed environment: A special case of the interacting electron problem

The problem of noninteracting electrons in the presence of annealed magnetic disorder, in addition to nonmagnetic quenched disorder, is considered. It is shown that the proper physical interpretation of this model is one of electrons interacting via a potential that is long-ranged in time, and that its technical analysis by means of renormalization group techniques must also be done in analogy to the interacting problem. As a result, and contrary to previous claims, the model does not simply describe a metal-insulator transition in $d=2+\epsilon$ ($\epsilon\ll 1$) dimensions. Rather, it describes a transition to a ferromagnetic state that, as a function of the disorder, precedes the metal-insulator transition close to $d=2$. In $d=3$, a transition from a paramagnetic metal to a paramagnetic insulator is possible.Comment: 13 pp., LaTeX, 2 eps figs; final version as publishe

Revealing the conduction band and pseudovector potential in 2D moir\'e semiconductors

Stacking monolayer semiconductors results in moir\'e patterns that host many correlated and topological electronic phenomena, but measurements of the basic electronic structure underpinning these phenomena are scarce. Here, we investigate the properties of the conduction band in moir\'e heterobilayers using submicron angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with electrostatic gating, focusing on the example of WS2/WSe2. We find that at all twist angles the conduction band edge is the K-point valley of the WS2, with a band gap of 1.58 +- 0.03 eV. By resolving the conduction band dispersion, we observe an unexpectedly small effective mass of 0.15 +- 0.02 m_e. In addition, we observe replicas of the conduction band displaced by reciprocal lattice vectors of the moir\'e superlattice. We present arguments and evidence that the replicas are due to modification of the conduction band states by the moir\'e potential rather than to final-state diffraction. Interestingly, the replicas display an intensity pattern with reduced, 3-fold symmetry, which we show implicates the pseudo vector potential associated with in-plane strain in moir\'e band formation.Comment: Main text: 12 pages, 4 figures. Appended Supporting Information: 10 pages, 11 figure