671 research outputs found

    Quality Management in Hospitals: Does it Contribute to High Quality of Care?

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    Health policy-makers all around the world are facing the problem of ever-increasing costs in health care. In additio n, the demand for high quality care is greater than ever. Since there is no indication that these trends will stop in the near future, the policy-makers have to find methods to mitigate these problems. One possible solution is the development of efficient quality strategies, including external quality assessment and improvement systems that focus on clinical effectiveness, the implementation of evidence based practice, patient safety programs and clinical audit. The aim of this paper is to identify and summ arize research studies which investigate the impact of different quality strategies and quality improvement methods on healthcare activities and outcomes, and to determine if these are effective clinical methods or not. For this reason, a systematic search was carried out in various databases. The literature suggests that having an external quality assessment system does contribute to better health care. However, most of the studies focus on accreditation alone, and only three relatively low sample studies compare accreditation with ISO certification. Related to clinical-effectiveness, limited relevant results were found. Health policy-makers should consider different quality models as valid methods to provide high quality of care in hospitals, but they should also be aware that the clinical effectiveness of these has not yet been proven. More outcome-oriented, high sample studies should be carried out which compare one technique to another and find out if some of them could be implemented simultaneously

    A magyar futrinka (Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792) elterjedése, természetvédelmi helyzete. (Nature conservation status of Carabus hungaricus in Hungary),

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    CikkĂŒnkben összesĂ­tettĂŒk majd tĂ©rinformatikai mĂłdszerekkel feldolgoztuk a magyar futrinka (Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792) ĂĄltalunk fellelhetƑ adatait. IntenzĂ­v Ă©lvefogĂł csapdĂĄzĂĄst vĂ©geztĂŒnk 47 magyarorszĂĄgi helyszĂ­nen. Ezek közĂŒl összesen 42 helyen Ă©szleltĂŒk a magyar futrinka jelenlĂ©tĂ©t, ebbƑl 17 elƑfordulĂĄs Ășjnak szĂĄmĂ­t. MegĂĄllapĂ­tottuk, hogy hazĂĄnkban a magyar futrinka potenciĂĄlisan veszĂ©lyeztetett. A faj megƑrzĂ©se Ă©rdekĂ©ben tovĂĄbbi Natura 2000 hĂĄlĂłzatba tartozĂł terĂŒleteket volna cĂ©lszerƱ kijelölni. A magyar futrinka legerƑsebb populĂĄciĂłi homokpusztagyepekhez kötƑdnek, a sziklagyepi populĂĄciĂłk jĂłval kisebb egyedszĂĄmĂșak Ă©s sĂ©rĂŒlĂ©kenyek. Tapasztalataink szerint a faj erƑs, nagy egyedszĂĄmĂș populĂĄciĂłibĂłl kĂ©pesek pĂ©ldĂĄnyok elvĂĄndorolni, Ă©s kedvezƑ körĂŒlmĂ©nyek esetĂ©n ott megtelepedni

    Characterization of lipid-A molecules by tandem mass spectrometry combined with chromatography

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    VilĂĄgszerte a kĂłrhĂĄzak intenzĂ­v osztĂĄlyain a vezetƑ halĂĄlozĂĄsi okok között szerepelnek a bakteriĂĄlis vĂ©rĂĄramfertƑzĂ©sek. Ennek oka többek között az egyre kifinomultabb sebĂ©szeti, transzplantĂĄciĂłs, immun- Ă©s kemoterĂĄpiĂĄs eljĂĄrĂĄsok mind szĂ©lesebb körben valĂł elterjedĂ©se, amelyek következmĂ©nyekĂ©nt a legyengĂ­tett immunrendszerrel rendelkezƑ betegek bakteriĂĄlis fertƑzĂ©seknek valĂł kitettsĂ©ge jelentƑs mĂ©rtĂ©kben növekszik. Mi több, a multirezisztens baktĂ©riumtörzsek globĂĄlis elterjedĂ©se rĂ©vĂ©n növekvƑ tendenciĂĄt mutat a gyakran halĂĄlos kimenetelƱ szepszis (azaz a bakteriĂĄlis fertƑzĂ©sre adott szabĂĄlyozatlan immunvĂĄlasz) kialakulĂĄsa. NormĂĄl körĂŒlmĂ©nyek között az emlƑs szervezetekben elƑfordulĂł Gram-negatĂ­v baktĂ©riumok (pl: bĂ©lbaktĂ©riumok) pusztulĂĄsa sorĂĄn, a belƑlĂŒk felszabadulĂł unikĂĄlis Ă©s heterogĂ©n szerkezetƱ foszfoglikolipideknek, az Ășgynevezett endotoxin molekulĂĄknak döntƑ szerepĂŒk van a szervezet vĂ©dekezƑkĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©nek fenntartĂĄsĂĄban. A vĂ©rĂĄramba jutva, az ott talĂĄlhatĂł immunsejtek felĂŒletĂ©n lĂ©vƑ, speciĂĄlis molekulĂĄris mintĂĄzatot felismerƑ receptorokkal (Toll-szerƱ receptor) kölcsönhatĂĄsba lĂ©pve, a gazdaszervezet szĂĄmĂĄra elƑnyös immunfolyamatokat indĂ­tanak be. Ugyanakkor a tĂșlzott mĂ©rtĂ©kƱ kitettsĂ©g (vĂ©rmĂ©rgezĂ©s) esetĂ©n sĂșlyos szövƑdmĂ©nyeket elƑidĂ©zƑ endotoxĂ©mia alakul ki, aminek alapvetƑ szerepe van az immunrendszer tĂșlfokozott mƱködĂ©sĂ©ben, következĂ©skĂ©pp a kialakulĂł szepszis patogenitĂĄsĂĄban. Az endotoxinok emberi egĂ©szsĂ©gre gyakorolt hatĂĄsĂĄnak eme kettƑssĂ©ge rĂ©vĂ©n jelentƑs kutatĂĄsi potenciĂĄlt rejtenek magukban mind az endotoxĂ©mia, illetve a szepszis kezelĂ©se, mind pedig az immunrendszernek az egyĂ©b betegsĂ©gek megelƑzĂ©sĂ©ben, lekĂŒzdĂ©sĂ©ben valĂł hatĂ©kony stimulĂĄlĂĄsa terĂ©n (pl: vakcina adjuvĂĄns fejlesztĂ©s). Mindezekhez elengedhetetlen a pontos foszfoglikolipid szerkezetek Ă©s az ĂĄltaluk kivĂĄltott immunolĂłgiai hatĂĄsok kapcsolatĂĄnak megismerĂ©se. A dolgozatban olyan Ășj analitikai megközelĂ­tĂ©seket mutatok be, amelyekkel eredmĂ©nyesen feltĂĄrhatjuk a Gram-negatĂ­v eredetƱ foszfoglikolipidek termĂ©szetes heterogenitĂĄsĂĄt, mennyisĂ©gi összetĂ©telĂ©t Ă©s az egyes molekulĂĄk pontos szerkezetĂ©t. Az endotoxin mintĂĄk ilyen jellegƱ ĂĄtfogĂł elemzĂ©se közelebb visz a gazdaszervezetben lĂ©vƑ immunrendszer aktivĂĄlĂĄsĂĄnak Ă©s a bakteriĂĄlis rezisztencia hĂĄtterĂ©nek pontosabb megĂ©rtĂ©sĂ©hez

    The distribution, habitat, and the nature conservation value of a Natura 2000 beetle, Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792 in Hungary.

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    Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792 usually inhabits sandy grasslands and dolomitic grass-lands in Hungary. It is listed in the Habitat Directive and it is a characteristic species of the Pannonian biogeographic region. This paper summarizes all available data (literature data, personal communications, all available museum specimens, original research) on the current distribution of Carabus hungaricus in Hungary making use of GIS. The most numerous populations of this carabid beetle live in Pannonic sand steppe biotopes, the most vulnerable of the dolomitic grasslands. In Hungary, Carabus hungaricus is a vulnerable species according to the IUCN criteria. Known habitat types, habitat preferences, cooccurring ground beetle species, and endangering environmental factors are discussed

    Magyar futrinka (Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792)

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    SokbordĂĄs futrinka (Carabus hampei KĂŒster, 1846)

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    A magyar futrinka (Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792) hazai elterjedĂ©se Ă©s Ă©lƑhelyei (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

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    Distribution and habitats of Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792 in Hungary (Coleoptera: Carabidae) — Carabus hungaricus Fabricius, 1792 is a characteristic species of the Pannon Region, typically inhabiting sandy grasslands and dolomite grasslands in Hungary. Occurrences based on literature data, personal communications and all available specimens preserved in Hungarian collections are comprehensively listed. Most of the data are derived from specimens preserved in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, but also from several regional museums and amateur collectors. Specimen data are listed by counties. The history of the research on this species is critically reviewed in two sections: the historical data (from 1800, the first record to 1949) and the modern research (1950 to the present). Known habitat types, habitat preferences, seasonal activity, endangering environmental factors are discussed in details

    Jelenkori folyóvizi felszínformåló tevékenység és a szabålyozåsok hatåsainak vizsgålata a Tiszån és a Maroson = Fluvial processes and the effects of river regulation works on the Tisza and Maros Rivers

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    A kutatĂĄs cĂ©lja a meder Ă©s a hullĂĄmterek fejlƑdĂ©sĂ©nek vizsgĂĄlata. Terveink szerint a mĂ©rĂ©seket a TiszĂĄn Ă©s a Maroson vĂ©geztĂŒk volna, de kĂ©sƑbb kiterjesztettĂŒk a HernĂĄdra Ă©s a DrĂĄvĂĄra is. A mederfejlƑdĂ©st a meder morfometriai paramĂ©tereinek hosszĂștĂĄvĂș alakulĂĄsa alapjĂĄn mĂ©rtĂŒk, Ă©s vizsgĂĄltuk befolyĂĄsolĂł tĂ©nyezƑit is (vĂ­zĂĄllĂĄs-tartĂłssĂĄg, vĂ­zjĂĄrĂĄs vĂĄltozĂĄs, partfal-ĂĄllĂ©konysĂĄg, növĂ©nyzet, tektonizmus Ă©s emberi lĂ©tesĂ­tmĂ©nyek). A kanyarulatfejlƑdĂ©st rĂ©szletesebben vizsgĂĄltuk, ugyanis a TiszĂĄn egyre szƱkebb Ă©s kisebb kanyarulatok alakultak ki, rontva a meder vĂ­zszĂĄllĂ­tĂł kĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©t. A mederszelvĂ©ny Ă©s a vĂ­zsebessĂ©g profilok alakulĂĄsĂĄt ĂĄrvizekkor Ă©s egy hidrolĂłgiai Ă©v sorĂĄn vizsgĂĄltuk, megĂĄllapĂ­tva, hogy a meder a legmĂ©lyebb az ĂĄradĂł idƑszak vĂ©gĂ©n, mĂ­g tetƑzĂ©skor megkezdƑdik az akkumulĂĄciĂł, amit az izotachok fel- Ă©s leszĂĄllĂĄsa is alĂĄtĂĄmaszt. A hullĂĄmterek vĂĄltozĂĄsainak vizsgĂĄlatakor az akkumulĂĄciĂł mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©nek meghatĂĄrozĂĄsĂĄra illetve az ezt befolyĂĄsolĂł tĂ©nyezƑk vizsgĂĄlatĂĄra koncentrĂĄltunk. MegĂĄllapĂ­tottuk, hogy minden ĂĄrhullĂĄm egyedi mĂłdon viselkedik, igen eltĂ©rƑ mennyisĂ©gƱ ĂŒledĂ©ket halmoz fel, bĂĄr a felhalmozott ĂŒledĂ©k mintĂĄzata Ă©s szemcseösszetĂ©tele hasonlĂł. HosszĂștĂĄvĂș akkumulĂĄciĂłt az ĂŒledĂ©k vizsgĂĄlatĂĄval Ă©s DDM segĂ­tsĂ©gĂ©vel mĂ©rtĂŒnk. Az akkumulĂĄciĂłt befolyĂĄsolĂł növĂ©nyzeti Ă©rdessĂ©g alakulĂĄsĂĄt a 2006-os ĂĄrvĂ­z sorĂĄn sebessĂ©gprofilok felvĂ©telĂ©vel Ă©s hosszĂș tĂĄvon is vizsgĂĄltuk, megĂĄllapĂ­tva, hogy ez az egyik olyan kulcsfontossĂĄgĂș tĂ©nyezƑ, ami az ĂĄrterek vĂ­zvezetƑ kĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©t rontja. | The aim of the research was to measure the rate of active fluvial processes. Measurements were carried out on the Tisza, Maros, HernĂĄd and DrĂĄva Rivers. The long-term channel development was studied by morphometric parameters and its influencing factors were also evaluated (i.e. stage frequency, regime alterations, bank stability, vegetation, tectonism and human activity). Meander development was studied in details, as the bends of the Tisza tend to be narrower and smaller decreasing the water transport capacity of the channel. The cross-sectional changes and velocity profiles were evaluated during floods and within a hydrological year. Scour and velocity is the greatest in the end of the rising stage of a flood, but during the peak-flood period accumulation is dominant as the velocity profile shifts upwards. During the analysis of floodplain development the process of aggradation and its influencing factors were studied in details. Each flood is unique, as the amount of deposited sediment varied within great scale, however, the pattern and grain-size distribution of the sedimentation was similar. Long-term floodplain accumulation was measured using sediment profiles and DTM. Vegetational roughness as an influencing factor was evaluated by velocity measurements during the 2006 flood and by patch analysis. We concluded that vegetational roughness is the most important factor in decreasing the flood conductivity of the floodplains
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