A novel green synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanorods using Punica Granatum rind extract and its application for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous environment

We described a novel and eco-friendly approach to remove toxic heavy metal of Pb(II) by using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) anchored Fe3O4 magnetic nanorods (MNRs) which were synthesized via facile method utilizing Punica Granatum rind extract which was a non toxic waste material. The DMSA@Fe3O4 MNRs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared analysis (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption and desorption techniques, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). These DMSA@Fe3O4 MNRs have been used for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich model, the monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 46.18 mg/g at 301 K. The experimental kinetic data fitted very well with the pseudo-second-order model. The results indicate that the biogenic synthesized DMSA@Fe3O4 MNRs act as significant adsorbent material for removal of Pb (II) from aqueous environment. Keywords: Punica Granatum rind extract, DMSA@Fe3O4 MNRs, VSM, TGA, Pb(II) remova

Design of an edge-truncated patch antenna (ETPA) for near-range vehicular RADAR applications

In recent years, the evolution of vehicular safety systems and the burgeoning field of autonomous vehicles have underscored the need for advanced radar solutions tailored to these specific applications. By addressing this need, this paper presents an innovative radar antenna design—the Edge Truncated Patch Antenna (ETPA) integrated with a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR). Distinct from prevalent designs, our novel approach hinges on the unique properties of the CSRR to impart broad-spectrum characteristics to the antenna. This innovation culminates in the realization of an ultra-wide bandwidth of 6.24 GHz, which effectively spans from 24.03 to 30.27 GHz. This bandwidth alignment with the primary frequency range predominantly used in short-range vehicular RADAR applications positions the ETPA as a frontrunner in this domain. A noteworthy feature of our design is its compactness. With dimensions of 5.1 × 4.7 × 0.8 mm3, the proposed antenna stands out as one of the most space-efficient and performance-oriented designs in the contemporary literature. The rigorous simulation processes employed revealed an impressive consistency when juxtaposed with measured outcomes. Minor variations between the two are attributed to inevitable fabrication and soldering nuances. Our design process, from the initial conception to the final product, underscores the pivotal role of meticulous parameter optimization and innovative integration of the CSRR. In conclusion, the proposed ETPA, with its enhanced bandwidth, compact footprint, and consistent performance, establishes a new benchmark in the field