SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF NOVEL QUINOXALINE DERIVED CHALCONES

Objective: Quinoxaline derivatives were reported with wide range of biological activities. Hence it was planned to synthesize and screen for their anti inflammatory (in vivo) activity.Methods: Orthophenylene diamine was reacted with oxalic acid to form quinoxaline 2, 3 dione. Quinoxaline-2, 3 (1H, 4H)-dione was chlorinated by using Phosphorousoxytrichloride (POCl3) in dimethyl formamide, to form 2, 3- dichloroquinoxaline. This dichloride compound was reacted with 4 amino acetophenone in DMF, refluxed for 5 hours to form 1-(4-(3-chloroquinoxalin-2-ylamino) phenyl) ethanone. Similarly 1-(4-(3-chloroquinoxalin-2-ylamino) phenyl) ethanone was reacted with corresponding aromatic aldehydes to form quinoxaline derived chalcone by Claisen Schmidt reaction. Characterization all the compounds was performed by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopic data and screened for anti- inflammatory activity by carrageenan- induced paw edema method.Results: The anti inflammatory data suggested that compounds QCAC 2, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 showed significant activity and rest of the compounds exhibited moderate activity compared to the standard compoundConclusion: The compounds bearing nitro, chloro and methoxy groups have shown prominent activity when compared to compounds without these groups.Â

Synthesis of phthalimide and naphthalimide derived Biginelli compounds and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities

In the present work, synthesis of phthalimide and naphthalimide derived Biginelli compounds was performed. Allylation of phthalic & naphthalic anhydride, followed by ozonolysis resulted in the formation of N-phathalimido/naphpthalimido acetaldehyde (2 and 7). These aldehydes were subjected to Biginelli reaction using urea/thiourea and divergent β-keto esters in the presence of sulfated tin oxide (5 mol%) as catalyst in ethanol reflux to produce the corresponding dihydropyrimidinone compounds (5a-j and 8a-h). Additionally, both their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions were carried out. Compounds 5e, 5f, 5i, and 5j have shown potent to moderate potent activity for both antioxidant and anti-inflamamtory activities when compared to standard. Compounds 8c and 8g have shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflamamtory activities when compared to other compounds

Late Transition Metal (LTM)-NHC Catalyzed Transformations of Renewable Chemicals to Fine Chemicals, Fuels, and Intermediates

This title of the book chapter deals with the late transition metal-NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalyzed transformations of renewable chemicals, i.e., bio-mass resources (carbohydrates/vegetable oils/natural products) into useful chemicals via oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydration, polymerization, hydrolysis, etc. along with brief introductory notes on late transition metals, carbenes, and renewable chemicals for better understanding to the reader

Pharmacotherapeutics applications and chemistry of chalcone derivatives

Chalcones have been well examined in the extant literature and demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. A detailed evaluation of the purported health benefits of chalcone and its derivatives, including molecular mechanisms of pharmacological activities, can be further explored. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the main characteristics of chalcone and its derivatives, including their method synthesis and pharmacotherapeutics applications with molecular mechanisms. The presence of the reactive α,β-unsaturated system in the chalcone’s rings showed different potential pharmacological properties, including inhibitory activity on enzymes, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, and anti-filarial activity. Changing the structure by adding substituent groups to the aromatic ring can increase potency, reduce toxicity, and broaden pharmacological action. This report also summarized the potential health benefits of chalcone derivatives, particularly antimicrobial activity. We found that several chalcone compounds can inhibit diverse targets of antibiotic-resistance development pathways; therefore, they overcome resistance, and bacteria become susceptible to antibacterial compounds. A few chalcone compounds were more active than conventional antibiotics, like vancomycin and tetracycline. On another note, a series of pyran-fused chalcones and trichalcones can block the NF-B signaling complement system implicated in inflammation, and several compounds demonstrated more potent lipoxygenase inhibition than NSAIDs, such as indomethacin. This report integrated discussion from the domains of medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, and diverse pharmacological applications, particularly for the development of new anti-infective agents that could be a useful reference for pharmaceutical scientists

RECENT STRATEGIES FOR EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COUMARIN-CHALCONE DERIVATIVES

Coumarins and chalcones are potential pharmacological and biologically active molecules obtained from natural source. Coumarins have predominant pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activity. Chalcones are also one of the naturally occurring pharmacologically vital molecules with different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activity. Literature reveals that a huge number of coumarinyl chalcone derivatives have various pharmacological activities. Coumarinyl chalcone derivatives gained more prominence due to their significant biological activities. This work explains the current information about synthesis techniques, pharmacological importance, and clinical applications of coumarinyl chalcone derivatives

Synthesis of a new series of quinolinyl chalcones as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents

1109-1116A new series of quinolinyl chalcone derivatives (SGCH 1-20) have been synthesized by the reaction of quinolinyl and chloroquinolinyl acetophenones with substituted aromatic aldehydes. These compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. The compounds have been found to exhibit anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Among the compounds tested for anticancer activity on RAW cell lines by MTT assay, compound SGCH 3 (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-2-propen-1-one) show more percentage of inhibition upto 103%. With regard to the anti-inflammatory activity, compound SGCH 9 (3-(2-furyl)-1-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-2-propen-1-one), SGCH 10 (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one), SGCH 19 (1-(7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-3-(2-furyl)-2-propen-1-one) and SGCH 20 (1-(7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one) have been found to significant reduction in rat paw oedema when compared to the other compounds

Synthesis of Gossypin derivatives as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents

1542-1546Gossypin-a potential lead from nature is isolated and a series of its derivatives (SGGOS 1-9) were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The in vitro cytotoxic activity on HT29 and HeLa cell lines, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated. The synthesized variants have shown good anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities compared to gossypin

Synthesis of mandelic acid derived phthalimides as a new class of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents

1243-1248In the present study, a new series of 2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-isoindolyl) ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(substituted phenyl) acetates 6a-e have been synthesized from the combination of N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) phthalimide 5 and substituted mandelic acids 2a-e which resulted in both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. These compounds have been characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. Among the compounds tested for anti-inflammatory activity, compound 6b and 6c showed significant activity and compound 6d showed potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. The anti-inflammatory activity has been determined by carrageenan induced acute paw oedema in rats. The results are discussed in the text. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of the compounds have been evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the compounds have also been determined by agar streak dilution method