Study of Hematological Parameters in Patients of Different Subtypes of Panduroga

Introduction: Diagnosis in Ayurveda depends on history and clinical examination of the patient. Application of technological advancements and diagnostics tin Ayurveda may increase its acceptability globally and add objectivity to it. This research is advancement in the same direction to observe and analyze the haematological profile in patients of Panduroga (anemia) after categorizing them into Pandu roga subtypes and report the findings.Material and Methods: A prospective non – interventional observational exploratory study was conducted for a period of 18 months on hundred newly diagnosed adult and pediatric cases of anemia presenting to department of pediatrics and general medicine. Patients were categorized into Panduroga subtypes after examining them in detail with history, physical examination, hematological and other relevant investigations and with their due written informed consent. The data was then put to statistical analysis.Results: Differences were observed in the values of hematological parameters for the different subtypes of Panduroga which were statistically significant for Hemoglobin, Total Red blood cell count (TRBC), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Red cell distribution width (RDW).Conclusion: The differences in the objective profile as uncovered in the study reveals that the subtypes of Panduroga correlate to some extent to the different stages and pathology of anemia. However, the application of this study to the management of different types of anemia will require further confirmatory study with larger sample size in each subgroup

Enhanced Production of Recombinant Extractable Antigen (EA1) an Extracellular Protein and its use in Detection of Spores of Bacillus anthracis the Causative Agent of Anthrax

Detection of spores of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax in human and animals in environment is cumbersome due to the presence of spores of other closely related Bacillus species. The Extractable Antigen 1 (EA1), an extracellular protein is considered as a biomarker for detection of B. anthracis spores. In the present work, we have cloned and expressed the recombinant EA1 protein in soluble form in Escherichia coli. Optimisation of culture conditions and cultivation media was carried out to achieve enhanced soluble expression of recombinant EA1 protein. Further, the batch fermentation process was also developed using optimised conditions for scale up production of recombinant EA1 protein. The final yield of protein purified employing affinity chromatography was 42.64 mg/l of culture during batch fermentation process. The polyclonal antibodies were raised against recombinant EA in rabbit and mice and used to develop an ELISA for detection of B. anthracis spores. The specificity of the developed assay was ascertained with spores of other Bacillus species. The results corroborated that the EA1 could be a suitable biomarker for detection of B. anthracis spores

Green Synthesis of Zn(OH)₂/ZnO-Based Bionanocomposite using Pomegranate Peels and Its Application in the Degradation of Bacterial Biofilm

The ability and potency of bacterial species to form biofilms, which show antibiotic resistance thereby avoiding antibiotic surfaces, is a major cause of prolonged infections. Various advanced approaches have been employed to prevent or damage bacterial biofilms, formed by a variety of bacterial strains, to help prevent the associated infectious disease. In this context, zinc-based nanostructures have been recognized as a potential antibiotic agent against a broad spectrum of bacterial communities. As a result, a sustainable and green synthesis method was adapted in the present study to synthesize a Zn(OH)(2)/ZnO-based bionanocomposite, in which aqueous extracts of waste pomegranate peels (Punica granatum) were employed as a natural bioreducing agent to prepare the bionanocomposite at room temperature. Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, UV-Visible, PL spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the green route synthesized a Zn(OH)(2)/ZnO bionanocomposite. The average crystallite size was determined using the Scherrer relation to be 38 nm, and the DLS results indicated that the Zn(OH)(2)/ZnO bionanocomposite had a hydrodynamic size of 170 nm. On the other hand, optical properties investigated through UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy explored the energy bandgap between 2.80 and 4.46 eV, corresponding to the three absorption edges, and it covered the blue spectrum when the sample was excited at 370 nm. Furthermore, the impact of this green route synthesized a Zn(OH)(2)/ZnO bionanocomposite on the biofilm degradation efficiency of the pathogenic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 using the Congored method was investigated. The Congored assay clearly explored the biofilm degradation efficiency in the presence of a 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL concentration of the Zn(OH)(2)/ZnO bionanocomposite against the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 grown for 24 h. This study can be further applied to the preparation of bionanocomposites following a low-cost green synthesis approach, and thus prepared nanostructures can be exploited as advanced antimicrobial agents, which could be of great interest to prevent various infectious diseases

Protective and susceptibility effects of hSKCa3 allelic variants on juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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Scaffold of Selenium Nanovectors and Honey Phytochemicals for Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation

Honey is an excellent source of polyphenolic compounds that are effective in attenuating quorum sensing (QS), a chemical process of cell-to-cell communication system used by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to regulate virulence and biofilm formation. However, lower water solubility and inadequate bioavailability remains major concerns of these therapeutic polyphenols. Its therapeutic index can be improved by using nano-carrier systems to target QS signaling potently. In the present study, we fabricated a unique drug delivery system comprising selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs; non-viral vectors) and polyphenols of honey (HP) for enhancement of anti-QS activity of HP against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The developed selenium nano-scaffold showed superior anti-QS activity, anti-biofilm efficacy, and anti-virulence potential in both in-vitro and in-vivo over its individual components, SeNPs and HP. LasR is inhibited by selenium nano-scaffold in-vitro. Using computational molecular docking studies, we have also demonstrated that the anti-virulence activity of selenium nano-scaffold is reliant on molecular binding that occurs between HP and the QS receptor LasR through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Our preliminary investigations with selenium-based nano-carriers hold significant promise to improve anti-virulence effectiveness of phytochemicals by enhancing effective intracellular delivery

World squid fisheries

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Biological production and recovery of 2,3-butanediol using arabinose from sugar beet pulp by Enterobacter ludwigii

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a major byproduct from the sugar industries and consists of >20% w/w arabinose. The current work evaluated the potential of Enterobacter ludwigii assimilating pure arabinose and arabinose rich hydrolysate from SBP pellets for 2,3-butanediol (BDO) production. The hydrolysate was obtained through dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) with sulphuric acid. The process was optimized for acid and solid loading to obtain a hydrolysate free from furan derivatives. The effect of different levels of substrate (10–60 g/L) using pure arabinose was conducted in shake flask experiments, followed by co-fermentation with small amounts of glucose and SBP hydrolysate. After flask cultivations, BDO fermentations were carried-out in a bench-top bioreactor in batch and fed-batch modes using pure arabinose as well as SBP hydrolysate. The fed-batch culture led to BDO production of 42.9 and 35.5 g/L from pure arabinose and SBP hydrolysate with conversion yields of 0.31 and 0.29 g/g, respectively. Finally, BDO accumulated on pure arabinose and SBP hydrolysate were recovered using an aqueous two-phase extraction system. The recovery yield of BDO accumulated on arabinose and hydrolysate was ∼97%. The work demonstrated the feasibility of using SBP as a suitable feedstock for manufacturing BDO

Genetic Variation in DNA Repair Pathways and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Molecular and genetic evidence suggests that DNA repair pathways may contribute to lymphoma susceptibility. Several studies have examined the association of DNA repair genes with lymphoma risk, but the findings from these reports have been inconsistent. Here we provide the results of a focused analysis of genetic variation in DNA repair genes and their association with the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). With a population of 1,297 NHL cases and 1,946 controls, we have performed a two-stage case/control association analysis of 446 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the genetic variation in 81 DNA repair genes. We found the most significant association with NHL risk in the ATM locus for rs227060 (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13–1.43, p = 6.77×10−5), which remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. In a subtype-specific analysis, associations were also observed for the ATM locus among both diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL), however there was no association observed among follicular lymphomas (FL). In addition, our study provides suggestive evidence of an interaction between SNPs in MRE11A and NBS1 associated with NHL risk (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34–0.77, p = 0.0002). Finally, an imputation analysis using the 1,000 Genomes Project data combined with a functional prediction analysis revealed the presence of biologically relevant variants that correlate with the observed association signals. While the findings generated here warrant independent validation, the results of our large study suggest that ATM may be a novel locus associated with the risk of multiple subtypes of NHL